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【初始 angular】angular 项目创建过程中需要注意的细节
安装 angular-cli 工具
yarn global add @angular/cli
当前使用版本：Angular CLI: 7.3.1 如果是一些企业级项目的话，本人推荐使用的版本比最新版小一个主版本号，防止最新版的一些发现的问题
设置包管理工具为 yarn
ng config cli.packageManager yarn -g
设置 cli 的包管理工具，这一步可有可无，你也可以用默认的 npm
创建项目
ng new ng-project
ng 命令介绍 angular-cli
有两个选项，根据需求选择，以下是当前操作
? Would you like to add Angular routing? Yes
? Which stylesheet format would you like to use? Sass [http://sass-lang.com]
热更新
添加 @angularclass/hmr 包 yarn add @angularclass/hmr –dev
创建 src/hmr.ts 文件
import {NgModuleRef, ApplicationRef} from ‘@angular/core’;
import {createNewHosts} from ‘@angularclass/hmr’;
export const hmrBootstrap = (
module: any,
bootstrap: () => Promise<NgModuleRef<any>>
) => {
let ngModule: NgModuleRef<any>;
module.hot.accept();
bootstrap().then(mod => (ngModule = mod));
module.hot.dispose(() => {
const appRef: ApplicationRef = ngModule.injector.get(ApplicationRef);
const elements = appRef.components.map(c => c.location.nativeElement);
const makeVisible = createNewHosts(elements);
ngModule.destroy();
makeVisible();
});
};
修改 src/main.ts
import {enableProdMode} from ‘@angular/core’;
import {platformBrowserDynamic} from ‘@angular/platform-browser-dynamic’;
import {AppModule} from ‘./app/app.module’;
import {environment} from ‘./environments/environment’;
import {hmrBootstrap} from ‘./hmr’;
declare var module: any;
if (environment.production) {
enableProdMode();
}
const bootstrap = () => platformBrowserDynamic().bootstrapModule(AppModule);
if ((environment as any).hmr) {
if (module.hot) {
hmrBootstrap(module, bootstrap);
} else {
console.error(‘HMR is not enabled for webpack-dev-job!’);
console.log(‘Are you using the –hmr flag for ng serve?’);
}
} else {
document.addEventListener(‘DOMContentLoaded’, () => {
bootstrap().catch(err => console.log(err));
});
}
创建 src/environments/environment.hmr.ts
export const environment = {
production: false,
hmr: true
};
修改 angular.json 文件
在 angular.json 的对象 projects.architect.build.configurations 添加以下内容
“hmr”: {
“fileReplacements”: [
{
“replace”: “src/environments/environment.ts”,
“with”: “src/environments/environment.hmr.ts”
}
]
}
在 angular.json 的对象 projects.architect.serve.configurations 添加以下内容
“hmr”: {
“browserTarget”: “ng-project:build:hmr”,
“hmr”: true
}
添加热更新启动命令行
在 package.json 的 scripts 中添加以下内容
“start:hmr”: “ng serve -c hmr”
多项目支持
ng generate application ng-project2
这个命令会在根目录下生产一个 projects 文件夹，所有生成的项目都在这个文件夹下
通过 npm 模块的方式引用外部依赖
比如 ng-project 项目和 ng-project2 需要共用 api 接口，我们想在在项目中以 @apis/user、@apis/permissions 这样的方式使用 api 接口，两步：
创建 apis 类库 ng generate library apis
在 tsconfig.json 中 compilerOptions 下添加
“paths”: {
“@apis/*”: [
“dist/apis/*”
]
}
服务端渲染
ng add @nguniversal/express-engine –clientProject ng-project –appId ng-project-universal
yarn add mutation-observer // 有些库需要比如：ng-zorro-antd
替换 server.ts
import ‘zone.js/dist/zone-node’;
import ‘reflect-metadata’;
import {enableProdMode} from ‘@angular/core’;
// Express Engine
import {ngExpressEngine} from ‘@nguniversal/express-engine’;
// Import module map for lazy loading
import {provideModuleMap} from ‘@nguniversal/module-map-ngfactory-loader’;
import * as express from ‘express’;
import {join} from ‘path’;
const domino = require(‘domino’);
const fs = require(‘fs’);
const template = fs.readFileSync(join(process.cwd(), ‘dist/browser/index.html’)).toString();
const win = domino.createWindow(template);
global[‘window’] = win;
global[‘MutationObserver’] = require(‘mutation-observer’);
Object.defineProperty(win.document.body.style, ‘transform’, {
value: () => {
return {
enumerable: true,
configurable: true
};
},
});
global[‘document’] = win.document;
global[‘CSS’] = null;
// Faster server renders w/ Prod mode (dev mode never needed)
enableProdMode();
// Express server
const app = express();
const PORT = process.env.PORT || 4000;
const DIST_FOLDER = join(process.cwd(), ‘dist/browser’);
// * NOTE :: leave this as require() since this file is built Dynamically from webpack
const {AppServerModuleNgFactory, LAZY_MODULE_MAP} = require(‘./dist/server/main’);
// Our Universal express-engine (found @ https://github.com/angular/universal/tree/master/modules/express-engine)
app.engine(‘html’, ngExpressEngine({
bootstrap: AppServerModuleNgFactory,
providers: [
provideModuleMap(LAZY_MODULE_MAP)
]
}));
app.set(‘view engine’, ‘html’);
app.set(‘views’, DIST_FOLDER);
// Example Express Rest API endpoints
// app.get(‘/api/**’, (req, res) => {});
// Server static files from /browser
app.get(‘*.*’, express.static(DIST_FOLDER, {
maxAge: ‘1y’
}));
// All regular routes use the Universal engine
app.get(‘*’, (req, res) => {
global[‘navigator’] = req[‘headers’][‘user-agent’];
res.render(‘index’, {req});
});
// Start up the Node server
app.listen(PORT, () => {
console.log(`Node Express server listening on http://localhost:${PORT}`);
});
构建 yarn build:ssr
编译 yarn compile:server
运行 serve:ssr
通过命令生产的 server.ts 不能解决一些浏览器报错的问题，以上的 server.ts 已经把大部分问题包含了
提供参考项目源码 https://github.com/loopbless/btf-factoring-manager
至此，一个逼格较高的项目就建好了！
有问题欢迎进群讨论！