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【注】本文译自:https://www.tutorialspoint.com/spring_boot/spring_boot_building_restful_web_services.htm
Spring Boot 提供了构建企业应用中 RESTful Web 服务的极佳反对。本文为你详解如何应用 Spring Boot 构建 RESTful web 服务。
留神:要构建 RESTful Web 服务,咱们须要在构建配置文件中加上 Spring Boot Starter Web 依赖。
对于 Maven 用户,应用以下的代码在 pom.xml 文件中退出依赖:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
对于 Gradle 用户,应用以下的代码在 build.gradle 文件中退出依赖:
compile(‘org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web’)
残缺的构建配置文件 Maven build – pom.xml 如下:
<?xml version = “1.0” encoding = “UTF-8”?>
<project xmlns = “http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0”
xmlns:xsi = “http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance”
xsi:schemaLocation = “http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd”>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.tutorialspoint</groupId>
<artifactId>demo</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>demo</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.8.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/>
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
残缺的构建配置文件 Gradle Build – build.gradle 如下:
bbuildscript {
ext {
springBootVersion = ‘1.5.8.RELEASE’
}
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
classpath(“org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:${springBootVersion}”)
}
}
apply plugin: ‘java’
apply plugin: ‘eclipse’
apply plugin: ‘org.springframework.boot’
group = ‘com.tutorialspoint’
version = ‘0.0.1-SNAPSHOT’
sourceCompatibility = 1.8
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
compile(‘org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web’)
testCompile(‘org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test’)
}
在持续构建 RESTful web 服务前,倡议你先要相熟上面的注解:
Rest Controller
@RestController 注解用于定义 RESTful web 服务。它提供 JSON、XML 和自定义响应。语法如下所示:
@RestController
public class ProductServiceController {
}
Request Mapping
@RequestMapping 注解用于定义申请 URI 以拜访 REST 端点。咱们能够定义 Request 办法来生产 produce 对象。默认的申请办法是 GET:
@RequestMapping(value = “/products”)
public ResponseEntity<Object> getProducts() {}
Request Body
@RequestBody 注解用于定义申请体内容类型。
public ResponseEntity<Object> createProduct(@RequestBody Product product) {
}
Path Variable
@PathVariable 注解被用于定义自定义或动静的申请 URI,Path variable 被放在申请 URI 中的大括号内,如下所示:
public ResponseEntity<Object> updateProduct(@PathVariable(“id”) String id) {
}
Request Parameter
@RequestParam 注解被用于从申请 URL 中读取申请参数。短少状况下这是一个必须的参数,也能够为申请参数设置默认值,如下所示:
public ResponseEntity<Object> getProduct(
@RequestParam(value = “name”, required = false, defaultValue = “honey”) String name) {
}
GET API
默认的 HTTP 申请办法是 GET。这个办法不须要任何申请体。你能够通过发送申请参数和门路变量来定义自定义或动静 URL。
上面的示例代码定义了 HTTP GET 申请办法。在这个例子吧,咱们应用 HashMap 来在存储 Product。留神咱们应用了 POJO 类来存储产品。
在这里,申请 URI 是 /products,它会从 HashMap 仓储中返回产品列表。上面的控制器类文件蕴含了 GET 办法的 REST 端点:
package com.tutorialspoint.demo.controller;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.tutorialspoint.demo.model.Product;
@RestController
public class ProductServiceController {
private static Map<String, Product> productRepo = new HashMap<>();
static {
Product honey = new Product();
honey.setId(“1”);
honey.setName(“Honey”);
productRepo.put(honey.getId(), honey);
Product almond = new Product();
almond.setId(“2”);
almond.setName(“Almond”);
productRepo.put(almond.getId(), almond);
}
@RequestMapping(value = “/products”)
public ResponseEntity<Object> getProduct() {
return new ResponseEntity<>(productRepo.values(), HttpStatus.OK);
}
}
POST API
HTTP POST 申请用于创立资源。这个办法蕴含申请体。咱们能够通过发送申请参数和门路变量来定义自定义或动静 URL。
上面的示例代码定义了 HTTP POST 申请办法。在这个例子中,咱们应用 HashMap 来存储 Product,这里产品是一个 POJO 类。
这里,申请 URI 是 /products,在产品被存入 HashMap 仓储后,它会返回字符串。
package com.tutorialspoint.demo.controller;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.tutorialspoint.demo.model.Product;
@RestController
public class ProductServiceController {
private static Map<String, Product> productRepo = new HashMap<>();
@RequestMapping(value = “/products”, method = RequestMethod.POST)
public ResponseEntity<Object> createProduct(@RequestBody Product product) {
productRepo.put(product.getId(), product);
return new ResponseEntity<>(“Product is created successfully”, HttpStatus.CREATED);
}
}
PUT API
HTTP PUT 申请用于更新已有的资源。这个办法蕴含申请体。咱们能够通过发送申请参数和门路变量来定义自定义或动静 URL。
上面的例子展现了如何定义 HTTP PUT 申请办法。在这个例子中,咱们应用 HashMap 更新现存的产品。此处,产品是一个 POJO 类。
这里,申请 URI 是 /products/{id},在产品被存入 HashMap 仓储后,它会返回字符串。留神咱们应用门路变量 {id} 定义须要更新的产品 ID:
package com.tutorialspoint.demo.controller;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.tutorialspoint.demo.model.Product;
@RestController
public class ProductServiceController {
private static Map<String, Product> productRepo = new HashMap<>();
@RequestMapping(value = “/products/{id}”, method = RequestMethod.PUT)
public ResponseEntity<Object> updateProduct(@PathVariable(“id”) String id, @RequestBody Product product) {
productRepo.remove(id);
product.setId(id);
productRepo.put(id, product);
return new ResponseEntity<>(“Product is updated successsfully”, HttpStatus.OK);
}
}
DELETE API
HTTP Delete 申请用于删除存在的资源。这个办法不蕴含任何申请体。咱们能够通过发送申请参数和门路变量来定义自定义或动静 URL。
上面的例子展现如何定义 HTTP DELETE 申请办法。这个例子中,咱们应用 HashMap 来移除现存的产品,用 POJO 来示意。
申请 URI 是 /products/{id} 在产品被从 HashMap 仓储中删除后,它会返回字符串。咱们应用门路变量 {id} 来定义要被删除的产品 ID。
package com.tutorialspoint.demo.controller;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.tutorialspoint.demo.model.Product;
@RestController
public class ProductServiceController {
private static Map<String, Product> productRepo = new HashMap<>();
@RequestMapping(value = “/products/{id}”, method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
public ResponseEntity<Object> delete(@PathVariable(“id”) String id) {
productRepo.remove(id);
return new ResponseEntity<>(“Product is deleted successsfully”, HttpStatus.OK);
}
}
上面给出残缺的源代码:
Spring Boot 主利用类 – DemoApplication.java
package com.tutorialspoint.demo;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class DemoApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
}
}
POJO 类 – Product.java
package com.tutorialspoint.demo.model;
public class Product {
private String id;
private String name;
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
Rest Controller 类 – ProductServiceController.java
package com.tutorialspoint.demo.controller;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.tutorialspoint.demo.model.Product;
@RestController
public class ProductServiceController {
private static Map<String, Product> productRepo = new HashMap<>();
static {
Product honey = new Product();
honey.setId(“1”);
honey.setName(“Honey”);
productRepo.put(honey.getId(), honey);
Product almond = new Product();
almond.setId(“2”);
almond.setName(“Almond”);
productRepo.put(almond.getId(), almond);
}
@RequestMapping(value = “/products/{id}”, method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
public ResponseEntity<Object> delete(@PathVariable(“id”) String id) {
productRepo.remove(id);
return new ResponseEntity<>(“Product is deleted successsfully”, HttpStatus.OK);
}
@RequestMapping(value = “/products/{id}”, method = RequestMethod.PUT)
public ResponseEntity<Object> updateProduct(@PathVariable(“id”) String id, @RequestBody Product product) {
productRepo.remove(id);
product.setId(id);
productRepo.put(id, product);
return new ResponseEntity<>(“Product is updated successsfully”, HttpStatus.OK);
}
@RequestMapping(value = “/products”, method = RequestMethod.POST)
public ResponseEntity<Object> createProduct(@RequestBody Product product) {
productRepo.put(product.getId(), product);
return new ResponseEntity<>(“Product is created successfully”, HttpStatus.CREATED);
}
@RequestMapping(value = “/products”)
public ResponseEntity<Object> getProduct() {
return new ResponseEntity<>(productRepo.values(), HttpStatus.OK);
}
}
你能够创立可执行的 JAR 文件,应用以下的 Maven 或 Gradle 命令来运行 spring boot 利用:
Maven 命令如下:
mvn clean install
“构建胜利“后,能够在 target 文件夹下发现 JAR 文件。
Gradle 命令如下:
gradle clean build
“构建胜利“后,能够在 build/libs 文件夹下发现 JAR 文件。
能够应用以下命令来运行 JAR 文件:
java –jar <JARFILE>
以 Tomcat 端口号 8080 启动利用,如下所示:
在 POSTMAN 利用中点击上面的 URL 能够看到相应的输入:
GET API URL 为: http://localhost:8080/products
POST API URL 为: http://localhost:8080/products
PUT API URL 为: http://localhost:8080/products/3
DELETE API URL 为: http://localhost:8080/products/3