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咱们晓得,原生 Android 集成 Flutter 次要有两种形式,一种是创立 flutter module,而后以原生 module 那样依赖;另一种形式是将 flutter module 打包成 aar,而后在原生工程中依赖 aar 包,官网举荐 aar 的形式接入。
如何在原生 Android 工程中以 aar 的形式接入 Flutter,大家能够参考我之前文章的介绍:原生 Android 工程接入 Flutter aar。明天想给大家分享的是 FlutterFragment 的应用。
一、Android 原生工程
在 Android 原生开发中,实现底部 Tab 导航通常有 3 种形式,别离是:
- RadioGroup + ViewPager + Fragment:可能预加载相邻的 Fragment
- FragmentTabHost + Fragment:加载选中的 Fragment
- BottomNavigationView:有选中动画成果
此处,咱们应用 BottomNavigationView 来实现底部 Tab 导航。首先,咱们新建一个 Android 原生工程,而后再新建三个 Fragment。activity_main.xml 布局代码如下:
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:paddingTop="?attr/actionBarSize">
<FrameLayout
android:id="@+id/fl_container"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="0dp"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@id/bottom_navigation"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
<com.google.android.material.bottomnavigation.BottomNavigationView
android:id="@+id/bottom_navigation"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginStart="0dp"
android:layout_marginEnd="0dp"
android:background="?android:attr/windowBackground"
app:itemTextColor="@color/tab_text_color"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
app:menu="@menu/bottom_nav_menu" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
代码中引入了一个 bottom_nav_menu.xml 布局,代码如下:
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<item
android:id="@+id/nav_home"
android:icon="@drawable/tab_home"
android:title="@string/tab_home" />
<item
android:id="@+id/nav_car"
android:icon="@drawable/tab_car"
android:title="@string/tab_car" />
<item
android:id="@+id/nav_me"
android:icon="@drawable/tab_mine"
android:title="@string/tab_me" />
</menu>
其中,BottomNavigationView 罕用的属性如下:
- app:iteamBackground:指的是底部导航栏的背景色彩, 默认是主题的色彩
- app:menu:指的是底部菜单(文字和图片都写在这个外面,举荐图片应用矢量图)
- app:itemTextColor:指的是导航栏文字的色彩
- app:itemIconTint:指的是导航栏中图片的色彩
最初,在 MainActivity.java 中实现 Tab 的切换,代码如下:
class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {private var fragments = mutableListOf<Fragment>()
private var lastfragment = 0
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
initFragment()
initNavigationSelectedListener()}
private fun initFragment() {val homeFragment = HomeFragment()
val carFragment = CarFragment()
val mineFragment = MineFragment()
fragments.add(homeFragment)
fragments.add(carFragment)
fragments.add(mineFragment)
supportFragmentManager.beginTransaction()
.replace(R.id.fl_container, homeFragment)
.show(homeFragment)
.commit()}
private fun switchFragment(index: Int) {if (lastfragment != index) {val transaction = supportFragmentManager.beginTransaction()
// 暗藏上个 Fragment
transaction.hide(fragments[lastfragment])
if (!fragments[index].isAdded) {transaction.add(R.id.fl_container, fragments[index])
}
transaction.show(fragments[index]).commitAllowingStateLoss()
lastfragment = index
}
}
private fun initNavigationSelectedListener() {findViewById<BottomNavigationView>(R.id.bottom_navigation).setOnNavigationItemSelectedListener { item ->
when (item.itemId) {
R.id.nav_home -> {switchFragment(0)
return@setOnNavigationItemSelectedListener true
}
R.id.nav_car -> {switchFragment(1)
return@setOnNavigationItemSelectedListener true
}
R.id.nav_me -> {switchFragment(2)
return@setOnNavigationItemSelectedListener true
}
}
false
}
}
}
二、引入 Flutter Module
首先,创立一个 Flutter Module 工程。创立 Flutter Module 有两种形式,一种是应用 Android Studio 进行生成,另一种是间接应用命令行。应用命令行创立 flutter module 的如下:
flutter create -t module flutter_module
而后,进入到 flutter_module,执行 flutter build aar 命令生成 aar 包,如果没有任何出错,会在 /flutter_module/.android/Flutter/build/outputs
目录下生成对应的 aar 包,如下图。
接下来,咱们把生成的 aar 包拷贝到 Android 工程的 libs 中,而后关上 app/build.grade 增加本地依赖。
repositories {
flatDir {dirs 'libs'}
}
dependencies {
...
// 增加本地依赖
implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
implementation(name: 'flutter_relaese-1.0', ext: 'aar')
implementation 'io.flutter:flutter_embedding_debug:1.0.0-f0826da7ef2d301eb8f4ead91aaf026aa2b52881'
implementation 'io.flutter:armeabi_v7a_debug:1.0.0-f0826da7ef2d301eb8f4ead91aaf026aa2b52881'
implementation 'io.flutter:arm64_v8a_debug:1.0.0-f0826da7ef2d301eb8f4ead91aaf026aa2b52881'
implementation 'io.flutter:x86_64_debug:1.0.0-f0826da7ef2d301eb8f4ead91aaf026aa2b52881'
}
而后在外层的 build.gradle 中申明为本地依赖,代码如下:
buildscript {
repositories {
...
maven {url "http://download.flutter.io" //flutter 依赖}
}
dependencies {classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:4.0.0'}
}
三、应用 Flutter Module
默认状况下,Android 提供了 FlutterActivity、Fragment 和 FlutterView 视图,本例子咱们讲的是 Fragment 的应用。
首先,咱们创立一个 FlutterEngineGroup 对象,FlutterEngineGroup 能够用来治理多个 FlutterEngine 对象,而多个 FlutterEngine 是能够共享资源的,目标是缩小 FlutterEngine 的资源占用,MyApplication 的代码如下:
class MyApplication : Application() {
lateinit var engineGroup: FlutterEngineGroup
override fun onCreate() {super.onCreate()
// 创立 FlutterEngineGroup 对象
engineGroup = FlutterEngineGroup(this)
}
}
接着,创立一个 FlutterEngineManager 缓存治理类,在 FlutterEngineManager 中创立一个静态方法 flutterEngine,用来缓存 FlutterEngine。
object FlutterEngineManager {fun flutterEngine(context: Context, engineId: String, entryPoint: String): FlutterEngine {
// 1. 从缓存中获取 FlutterEngine
var engine = FlutterEngineCache.getInstance().get(engineId)
if (engine == null) {
// 如果缓存中没有 FlutterEngine
// 1. 新建 FlutterEngine,执行的入口函数是 entryPoint
val app = context.applicationContext as MyApplication
val dartEntrypoint = DartExecutor.DartEntrypoint(FlutterInjector.instance().flutterLoader().findAppBundlePath(), entryPoint
)
engine = app.engineGroup.createAndRunEngine(context, dartEntrypoint)
// 2. 存入缓存
FlutterEngineCache.getInstance().put(engineId, engine)
}
return engine!!
}
}
在下面的代码中,咱们会先从中获取缓存的 FlutterEngine,如果没有则新建一个 FlutterEngine,而后再缓存起来。
接下来,咱们将 FlutterEngine 和 FlutterFragment 进行绑定,如果默认没有提供路由,那么关上的是 flutter module 的路由首页。如果要指定 flutter module 的首页,能够应用 setInitialRoute()办法。
class HomeFragment : Fragment() {
// 1. FlutterEngine 对象
private lateinit var engine: FlutterEngine
private var engineId="home_fra"
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
// 2. 通过 FBFlutterEngineManager 获取 FlutterEngine 对象
engine = FlutterEngineManager.flutterEngine(requireActivity(), engineId, "main")
// 3. 用 FlutterEngine 对象构建出一个 FlutterFragment
val flutterFragment = FlutterFragment.withCachedEngine(engineId).build<FlutterFragment>()
// 4. 显示 FlutterFragment
parentFragmentManager.beginTransaction().replace(R.id.home_fl, flutterFragment).commit()}
override fun onCreateView(
inflater: LayoutInflater,
container: ViewGroup?,
savedInstanceState: Bundle?
): View? {return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_home, container, false)
}
}
咱们这里应用缓存的 FlutterEngine 更能节俭资源,因为 Bottom Navigation Activity 的 Fragment 来回切换的时候,Fragment 是会从新新建和销毁,比拟耗费资源。
如果咱们在进入将二级页面时候,返回的时候,还须要将 activity_main.xml 中的 BottomNavigationView 暗藏,波及的代码如下。
class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
...// 省略其余代码
fun switchBottomView(show: Boolean) {val navView: BottomNavigationView = findViewById(R.id.nav_view)
if (show) {navView.visibility = View.VISIBLE} else {navView.visibility = View.GONE}
}
}
如果要和 Flutter 进行数据交互,那么咱们能够应用 MethodChannel,而后应用 setMethodCallHandler 即可将 Android 数据回调给 Fluter,代码如下。
class HomeFragment : Fragment() {
// 1. FlutterEngine 对象
private lateinit var engine: FlutterEngine
private var engineId="home_fra"
private lateinit var channel: MethodChannel
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
initEngine()
initChannel()}
private fun initEngine() {
// 2. 通过 FBFlutterEngineManager 获取 FlutterEngine 对象
engine = FlutterEngineManager.flutterEngine(requireActivity(), engineId, "main")
// 3. 用 FlutterEngine 对象构建出一个 FlutterFragment
val flutterFragment = FlutterFragment.withCachedEngine(engineId).build<FlutterFragment>()
// 4. 显示 FlutterFragment
parentFragmentManager.beginTransaction().replace(R.id.home_fl, flutterFragment).commit()}
private fun initChannel() {channel = MethodChannel(engine.dartExecutor.binaryMessenger, "tab_switch")
channel.setMethodCallHandler { call, result ->
when (call.method) {
"showTab" -> {val activity = requireActivity() as MainActivity
activity.switchBottomView(true)
result.success(null)
}
"hideTab" -> {val activity = requireActivity() as MainActivity
activity.switchBottomView(false)
result.success(null)
}
else -> {result.notImplemented()
}
}
}
}
override fun onCreateView(
inflater: LayoutInflater,
container: ViewGroup?,
savedInstanceState: Bundle?
): View? {return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_home, container, false)
}
}
接着在 Flutter 外面是有 invokeMethod 办法注入即可。
class PluginManager {static const MethodChannel _channel = MethodChannel('tab_switch');
static Future<String> showTab(Map params) async {String resultStr = await _channel.invokeMethod('showTab', params);
return resultStr;
}
}
目前原生挪动 APP 能够在利用集成多个 Flutter Module,这样就不便咱们进行多业务的模块化开发了。除了 FlutterActivity、Fragment,在 Android 中能够应用 FlutterView 会略微简单点,应应用个 FlutterView 须要绑定生命周期,须要开发者本人去治理 FlutterView 生命周期。