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前言：最近写了一个自动导入 mysql 中数据表的脚本，后来发现有一个 to_sql()函数也可以实现类似的功能，测试了该函数后发现，无法实现对数据类型的自动准确判断。（有可能是我没理解到位，有经验的朋友请指出）不罗嗦，直接放示例文件和代码。
示例文件：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Created on Tue Jun 23 11:39:34 2020
@author: Ray
"""
import re
import sys
import pymysql
import logging
import argparse
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from warnings import filterwarnings
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 报错日志 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------#
logging.basicConfig(filename = 'load.log', level=logging.DEBUG, format = "%(levelname)s %(asctime)s:%(name)s:%(message)s", datefmt = '%Y-%m-%d', filemode = 'w')
filterwarnings("error", category = pymysql.Warning) # 捕获 mysql 错误信息。#-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 参数设置 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------#
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description = 'Inofrmation of database table.')
parser.add_argument('-data', action = 'store', help = 'Path of data source.', required = True) # 指定数据源或数据地址
parser.add_argument('-database', help = 'Database name.', required = True) # 指定存储得库名
parser.add_argument('-tablename', help = 'Table name.', required = True) # 指定存储的表名
parser.add_argument('-droptable', help = 'If exists table, drop table', required = False, default = False, type = bool) # 如果建表时存在相同表名是否删除
parser.add_argument('-primaryKey', nargs = '+', help = 'PrimaryKey column.(Example format: ID or ID Pos)', required = False, default = None) # 设定的主键
parser.add_argument('-index', nargs = '+', help = 'Index column.(Example format: MAF or MAF Pos)', required = False, default = None) # 指定索引字段（默认为空）parser.add_argument('-index_union', help = 'Pass index_union dictionary.(Example format: MAF-Pos or MAF-Pos,Chrom-Gene)', required = False, default = None) # 指定索引字段（默认为空)
parser.add_argument('-host', help = 'Host name.', required = True) # 主机名或 IP 地址
parser.add_argument('-user', help = 'User name.', required = True) # 用户名
parser.add_argument('-password', help = 'Password', required = True) # 密码
args = parser.parse_args()
wide_connect = None
wide_cursor = None
typeList = [] # 建表语句
priDict = dict() # 定义主键（）#-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 数据导入 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------#
# 判断原始数据是否含有重复名
with open(args.data, 'r') as data:
for line in data:
li = line.strip().split('\t')
break
set_lst = set(li)
if len(set_lst) == len(li):
pass
else:
logging.warning("Duplicate column names.")
sys.exit()
data = pd.read_table(args.data, sep = '\t')
if len(data.columsn) < 2:
logging.debug("列太少")
sys.exit()
# 数据规范
if data.isnull().any().any() == True: # 判断是否存在 null 值
for line, j in zip(data.values, range(len(data.values))): # 输出 null 的位置
for i in line:
if pd.isnull(i):
logging.error("The NULL in the {}".format(j + 1))
sys.exit()
if data.isna().any().any() == True:
for line, j in zip(data.values, range(len(data.values))): # 输出 null 的位置
for i in line:
if pd.isna(i):
logging.error("The NaN in the {}".format(j + 1))
sys.exit()
if set(['MAF']).issubset(data.columns): # 判断是否存在 MAF 列，判断是否全小于 0.5
MAF_max = max(i for i in data['MAF'])
if MAF_max > 0.5:
logging.error("MAF must be less than 0.5")
sys.exit()
if set(['Gene']).issubset(data.columns): # 如果用户数据有 Gene 列，判断其格式
for i ,j in zip(data['Gene'], range(len(data['Gene']))):
if re.search(':', i) != None:
logging.error("The bug in the {} line of Gene column".format(j + 1))
sys.exit()
else:
continue
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------MySQL 链接 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------#
wide_connect = pymysql.connect(host = args.host,
user = args.user,
password = args.password,
port = 3306, charset = 'utf8',
local_infile = True) # ***loacl_infile 允许导入本地文件 ***
wide_cursor = wide_connect.cursor()
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 数据类型 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------#
# 针对整数型数值定义其格式 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int_fun = lambda x: 'TINYINT({})'.format(len(str(x))) if -128 <= x <= 127\
else 'SMALLINT({})'.format(len(str(x))) if -32768<= x <= 32767\
else 'MEDIUMINT({})'.format(len(str(x))) if -8388608 <= x <= 8388607\
else 'INT({})'.format(len(str(x))) if -2147483648 <= x <= 2147483647\
else 'BIGINT({})'.format(len(str(x)))
int_fun_unsigned = lambda x: 'TINYINT({}) UNSIGNED'.format(len(str(x))) if x <= 255\
else 'SMALLINT({}) UNSIGNED'.format(len(str(x))) if x <= 65535\
else 'MEDIUMINT({}) UNSIGNED'.format(len(str(x))) if x <= 16777215\
else 'INT({}) UNSIGNED'.format(len(str(x))) if x <= 4294967295\
else 'BIGINT({}) UNSIGNED'.format(len(str(x)))
# 针对浮点型数据定义其格式 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def float_fun(column):
flo = [str(i).split('.') for i in data[column] if pd.notnull(i)]
m = max([len(i[0]) for i in flo if len(i) >= 2]) # 整数位最大长度
d = min([len(i[1]) for i in flo if len(i) >= 2]) # 小数位最大长度
return 'FLOAT ({m}, {d})'.format(m = m + d + 2, d = d + 2)
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 建表语句 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------#
typeList = []
for column in data.columns:
# 如果字段是整数型
if data[column].dtypes in [np.dtype('int16'), np.dtype('int32'), np.dtype('int64'), np.dtype('uint16'), np.dtype('uint32'), np.dtype('uint64')]:
if -1 in np.sign(data[column]):
int_max = data[column].max() # 整数长度
typeList.append("`{}`".format(column) + int_fun(int_max) + "DEFAULT NULL")
continue
else:
int_max = data[column].max() # 整数长度
typeList.append("`{}`".format(column) + int_fun_unsigned(int_max) + "DEFAULT NULL")
continue
# 如果字段是浮点型
if data[column].dtype in [np.dtype('float16'), np.dtype('float32'), np.dtype('float64')]:
typeList.append("`{}`".format(column) + float_fun(column) + "DEFAULT NULL")
# 如果字段是文本
else:
str_len = max([len(i) for i in data[column] if pd.notnull(i)])
typeList.append("`{}`".format(column) + "VARCHAR({})".format(str_len) + "DEFAULT NULL")
# 如果定义了主键，则该字段默认不为空 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
for column, c in zip(data.columns, range(len(data.columns))):
if column in args.primaryKey:
typeList = typeList.replace('DEFAULT NULL', 'NOT NULL')
priDict[column] = column
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 建表 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------#
# 指定主键（我们一般定义 ID 为主键）if args.primaryKey != None:
if len(args.primaryKey) == 1: # 如果定义一个键是主键
primaryKey_statement = ["PRIMARY KEY (`{}`)".format(col) for col in data.columns if col in args.primaryKey][0]
else:
primaryKey_statement = "PRIMARY KEY ({})".format(','.join(['`' + col + '`'for col in data.columns if col in args.primaryKey]))
# 指定索引
if args.index != None and args.index_union != None: # 如果创建联合索引，在将 args.index 中的每个元素单独创建索引的同时，将 args.index_union 中的每一个元素创建索引
index_statement = ','.join(["KEY `{}` (`{}`)".format(col, col) for col in data.columns if col in args.index])
index_statement = index_statement + ',' + ','.join(["KEY `{}` ({})".format(index, ','.join('`' + k + '`' for k in index.split('-'))) for index in args.index_union.split(',')])
elif args.index != None and args.index_union == None: # 如果不创建联合索引，将 self.key 中的每个元素创建索引
index_statement = ','.join(["KEY `{}` (`{}`)".format(col, col) for col in data.columns if col in args.index])
elif args.index == None and args.index_union != None:
index_statement = ','.join(["KEY `{}` ({})".format(index, ','.join('`' + k + '`' for k in index.split('-'))) for index in args.index_union.split(',')])
# 执行建表语句 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
wide_cursor.execute("USE {};".format(args.database)) # 选择数据库
try:
if args.droptable: # 是否删除已经存在的表
wide_cursor.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS {};".format(args.tablename))
except pymysql.Warning:
logging.debug("不存在 {} 表".format(args.tablename))
if 'primaryKey_statement' in dir() and 'index_statement' in dir():
wide_cursor.execute("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `{table_}`(\
{data_demand_statement_},\
{primary_key_},\
{index_statement_}) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;".\
format(table_ = args.tablename, # 表名
data_demand_statement_ = ','.join(typeList), # 字段格式语句
primary_key_ = primaryKey_statement, # 主键语句
index_statement_ = index_statement # 索引语句
)
)
elif 'primaryKey_statement' not in dir() and 'index_statement' in dir():
wide_cursor.execute("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `{table_}`(\
{data_demand_statement_},\
{index_statement_}) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;".\
format(table_ = args.tablename, # 表名
data_demand_statement_ = ','.join(typeList), # 字段格式语句
index_statement_ = index_statement # 索引语句
)
)
elif 'primaryKey_statement' in dir() and 'index_statement' not in dir():
wide_cursor.execute("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `{table_}`(\
{data_demand_statement_},\
{primary_key_}) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;".\
format(table_ = args.tablename, # 表名
data_demand_statement_ = ','.join(typeList), # 字段格式语句
primary_key_ = primaryKey_statement # 索引语句
)
)
else:
wide_cursor.execute("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `{table_}`(\
{data_demand_statement_}) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;".\
format(table_ = args.tablename, # 表名
data_demand_statement_ = ','.join(typeList), # 字段格式语句
)
)
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 存储 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------#
wide_cursor.execute("USE {}".format(args.database))
# 导入数据表语句 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
try:
wide_cursor.execute("LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE'{}'INTO TABLE {}.{} FIELDS TERMINATED BY'\\t'IGNORE 1 LINES".format(args.data, args.database, args.tablename))
except pymysql.Warning:
logging.warning("Duplicate primarikey.")
wide_cursor.execute("drop table {}".format(args.tablename))
wide_connect.commit() # 数据提交
wide_cursor.close() # 关闭链接代码有很多不成熟的地方，大家在使用过程中发现有错误请指出。
在学习的过程中借鉴了这篇文章。（https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_38153458/article/details/85289433?utm_medium=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-BlogCommendFromMachineLearnPai2-1.nonecase&depth_1-utm_source=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-BlogCommendFromMachineLearnPai2-1.nonecase）
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