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发布 - 订阅模式
- 定义对象间的一种 一对多 的依赖关系, 当一个对象的状态发生改变时, 所有依赖于它的对象都将得到通知
- 简单实现
// 定义发布者
var salesOffices = {};
// 缓存列表, 存放订阅者的回调函数
salesOffices.clientList = [];
// 定义订阅者
salesOffices.listen = function (fn) {this.clientList.push(fn);
}
// 发布消息
salesOffices.trigger = function () {for (var i = 0, fn; fn = this.clientList[i++];) {fn.apply(this, arguments)
}
}
/*** 测试 ***/
// 订阅者 1
salesOffices.listen(function (price, squareMeter) {console.log('价格 =' + price);
console.log('squareMeter=' + squareMeter);
});
// 订阅者 2
salesOffices.listen(function (price, squareMeter) {console.log('价格 =' + price);
console.log('squareMeter=' + squareMeter);
});
// 发布消息
salesOffices.trigger(2000, 80);
salesOffices.trigger(3000, 100);
- 上面的实现方式, 导致了, 每个订阅者都会收到发布者发布的消息
// 定义发布者
var salesOffices = {};
// 缓存列表, 存放订阅者的回调函数
salesOffices.clientList = {};
// 定义订阅者 (增加缓存, 增加标示 key)
salesOffices.listen = function (key, fn) {if (!this.clientList[key]) {this.clientList[key] = [];}
this.clientList[key].push(fn);
}
// 发布消息
salesOffices.trigger = function () {var key = Array.prototype.shift.call(arguments),
fns = this.clientList[key];
if (!fns || fns.length === 0) {return false;}
for (var i = 0, fn; fn = fns[i++];) {fn.apply(this, arguments)
}
}
提炼发布 - 订阅模式
// 核心事件
var event = {clientList: {},
listen: function (key, fn) {if (!this.clientList[key]) {this.clientList[key] = [];}
this.clientList[key].push(fn);
},
trigger: function () {var key = Array.prototype.shift.call(arguments),
fns = this.clientList[key];
if (!fns || fns.length === 0) {return false}
for (var i = 0, fn; fn = fns[i++];) {fn.apply(this, arguments);
}
}
}
// 取消订阅消息
event.remove = function (key, fn) {var fns = this.clientList[key];
if (!fns) {return false;}
if (!fn) {
// 没有传入 fn 取消 key 对应的所有的订阅
fns && (fns.length = 0);
} else {
// 传入 fn 删除对应的 fn
for (var l = fns.length - 1; l >= 0; l--) {var _fn = fns[l];
if (_fn === fn) {fns.splice(l, 1)
}
}
}
}
// 给任何对象动态增加发布 - 订阅功能
var installEvent = function (obj) {for (var key in event) {if (event.hasOwnProperty(key)) {obj[key] = event[key];
}
}
}
/*** 测试 ***/
var salesOffices = {};
installEvent(salesOffices);
// 订阅者 1
salesOffices.listen('squareMeter80', function (price) {console.log('价格 =' + price);
});
// 订阅者 2
salesOffices.listen('squareMeter100', function (price) {console.log('价格 =' + price);
});
// 发布消息
salesOffices.trigger('squareMeter80', 20000);
salesOffices.trigger('squareMeter100', 30000);
- 登录案例
// 登录成功, 发布成功消息
$.ajax('http://xxx.com/login', function (data) {login.trigger('loginSuccess', data);
});
// 这种写法也很好
var header = (function () {
// 订阅消息
login.listen('loginSuccess', function (data) {header.setAvatar(data);
})
return {setAvatar: function (data) {console.log('header 模块拿到用户信息')
}
}
})();
-
以上写法会有三个问题
- 需要一个类似 ’ 中介者 ’ 的角色, 把发布者和订阅者联系起来(通过 全局的 Event 来解决)
- 以上必须先订阅, 才能发布
- 全局命名的冲突
实现类似 Event 的发布 - 订阅模式
- 优点 1: 时间上的解耦,
- 优点 2: 对象之间的解耦
- 缺点 1: 创建订阅者本生要消耗内存和时间
- 缺点 2: 弱化了对象之间的联系之后, 对象之间的必要联系也被埋没
var Event = (function() {
var global = this,
Event,
_default = 'default';
Event = function () {
var _listen,
_trigger,
_remove,
_slice = Array.prototype.slice,
_shift = Array.prototype.shift,
_unshift = Array.prototype.unshift,
namespaceCache = {},
_create,
find,
each = function(arr, fn) {
var ret;
for (var i = 0, l = arr.length; i < l; i++) {var n = arr[i];
ret = fn.call(n, i, n);
}
return ret;
};
_listen = function (key, fn, cache) {if (!cache[key]) {cache[key] = [];}
cache[key].push(fn);
};
_remove = function (key, cache, fn) {if (cache[eky]) {if (fn) {for (var i = cache[key].length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {if (cache[key][i] === fn) {cache[key].splice(i, 1);
}
}
} else {cache[key] = [];}
}
}
_trigger = function () {var cache = _shift.call(arguments),
key = _shift.call(arguments),
args = arguments,
_self = this,
ret,
stack = cache[key];
if (!stack || !stack.length) {return;}
return each(stack, function () {return this.apply(_self, args);
})
};
_create = function (namespace) {
namespace = namespace || _default;
var cache = {},
offlineStack = [],
ret = {listen: function (key, fn, last) {_listen(key, fn, cache);
if (offlineStack === null) {return;}
if (last === 'last') {offlineStack.length && offlineStack.pop()();} else {each(offlineStack, function () {this();
})
}
offlineStack = null;
},
one: function (key, fn, last) {_remove(key, fn, cache);
this.listen(key, fn, last);
},
remove: function (key, fn) {_remove(key, cache, fn);
},
trigger: function () {
var fn,
args,
_self = this;
_unshift.call(arguments, cache);
args = arguments;
fn = function () {return _trigger.apply(_self, args);
}
if (offlineStack) {return offlineStack.push(fn);
}
return fn();}
};
return namespace
? (namespaceCache[namespace]
? namespaceCache[namespace]
: namespaceCache[namespace] = ret)
: ret
}
return {
create: _create,
one: function (key, fn, last) {var event = this.create();
event.one(key, fn, last);
},
remove: function (key, fn) {var event = this.create();
event.remove(key, fn);
},
listen: function (key, fn, last) {var event = this.create();
event.listen(key, fn, last);
},
trigger: function () {var event = this.create();
event.trigger.apply(this, arguments);
}
}
}()
return Event;
})();
观察者(observer) 模式 和 发布 / 订阅模式 之间的区别
- 本质上的区别及时在调度的地方不同
- 分清楚谁是发布者, 谁是观察者, 谁是订阅者
- 观察者模式
// subject(发布) 中的目标发生变化. Observer(观察) 能接受到变化
function ObserverList() {this.observerList = [];
}
ObserverList.prototype.add = function (obj) {return this.observerList.push(obj);
}
ObserverList.prototype.get = function (index) {if (index > -1 && this.observerList.length) {return this.observerList[index];
}
}
ObserverList.prototype.indexOf = function (obj, startIndex) {
var i = startIndex;
while(i < this.observerList.length) {if (this.observerList[i] === obj) {return i;}
i++;
}
return -1;
}
ObserverList.prototype.removeAt = function (index) {this.observerList.splice(index, 1);
}
// 发布者
function Subject() {this.observers = new ObserverList();
}
Subject.prototype.addObserver = function (observer) {this.observers.add(observer);
}
Subject.prototype.removeObserver = function (observer) {this.observers.removeAt(this.observers.indexOf(observer, 0));
}
Subject.prototype.notify = function (context) {var observerCount = this.observers.count();
for (var i = 0; i < observerCount; i++) {this.observers.get(i).update(context);
}
}
// 观察者
function Observer() {this.update = function () {// ...}
}- 发布 (Publish)/ 订阅(Subscribe) 模式
var pubsub = {};
(function (myObject) {var topics = {};
var subUid = -1;
// 发布
myObject.publish = function (topic, args) {if (!topics[topic]) {return false;}
var subscribers = topics[topic],
len = subscribers ? subscribers.length : 0;
while (len--) {subscribers[len].func(topic, args);
}
return this;
}
// 订阅者
myObject.subscribe = function (topic, func) {if (!topics[topic]) {topics[topic] = [];}
var token = (++subUid).toString();
topics[topic].push({
token: token,
func: func
})
}
// 取消订阅
myObject.unsubscribe = function (token) {for (var m in topics) {if (topics[m]) {for (var i = 0, j = topics[m].length; i < j; i++) {if (topics[m][i].token === token) {topics[m].splice(i, 1);
return token;
}
}
}
}
return this;
}
})(pubsub)正文完
