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命令简介
traceroute 命令用于显示数据包到主机间的门路信息。traceroute 命令利用 IP 协定的“生存工夫”字段，并尝试从每个网关到某个主机的门路引发 ICMP TIME_EXCEEDED 响应。
[root@CentOS7-1 ~]# traceroute
-bash: traceroute: command not found
[root@CentOS7-1 ~]# yum install traceroute -y
语法格局
traceroute [-46dFITUnreAV] [-f first_ttl] [-g gate,...] [-i device]
[-m max_ttl] [-p port] [-s src_addr] [-q nqueries]
[-N squeries] [-t tos] [-l flow_label] [-w waittime]
[-z sendwait] [-UL] [-D] [-P proto] [--sport=port] [-M method]
[-O mod_options] [--mtu] [--back] host [packet_len] 选项阐明
-d #应用 Socket 级的性能
-f< 存活数值 > #设置第一个检测数据包的存活数值 TTL 的大小
-g< 网关 > #设置起源路由网关，最多可设置 8 个
-i< 网络界面 > #应用指定的网络界面送出数据包
-I #应用 ICMP 回应取代 UDP
-m< 存活数值 > #设置检测数据包的最大存活数值 TTL 的大小
-n #应用 IP 地址
-p< 通信端口 > #设置 UDP 传输协定的通信端口
-r #疏忽 Routing Table，间接将数据包送到远端主机上
-s< 起源地址 > #设置本地主机送出数据包的 IP 地址
-t< 服务类型 > #设置检测数据包的 TOS 数值
-v #具体显示执行过程
-w< 超时秒数 > #设置期待远端主机返回的工夫
-x #开启或敞开数据包的正确性测验
利用举例
实例
[root@CentOS7-1 ~]# traceroute www.bai.com
traceroute to www.bai.com (39.105.137.64), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
1 gateway (192.168.1.1) 1.362 ms 2.077 ms 1.252 ms
2 100.106.0.1 (100.106.0.1) 6.903 ms 6.256 ms 4.887 ms
3 112.26.21.65 (112.26.21.65) 5.686 ms 4.540 ms 5.581 ms
4 221.183.48.53 (221.183.48.53) 5.430 ms 5.964 ms 5.573 ms
5 221.183.40.33 (221.183.40.33) 25.211 ms 24.256 ms 23.582 ms
6 * * *
7 111.13.0.173 (111.13.0.173) 26.907 ms 111.13.188.37 (111.13.188.37) 30.360 ms 39.156.0.37 (39.156.0.37) 24.476 ms
8 39.156.7.41 (39.156.7.41) 27.161 ms 39.156.1.225 (39.156.1.225) 28.306 ms 39.156.7.41 (39.156.7.41) 26.763 ms
9 39.156.1.225 (39.156.1.225) 28.571 ms 39.156.7.41 (39.156.7.41) 26.401 ms 26.422 ms
10 * 116.251.105.78 (116.251.105.78) 27.443 ms 123.56.34.14 (123.56.34.14) 28.939 ms
11 119.38.212.89 (119.38.212.89) 28.758 ms 116.251.94.101 (116.251.94.101) 28.575 ms *
12 * * *
13 * * *
14 * * *
15 * * *
16 * * *
17 * * *
18 * * *
19 * * *
20 * * *
21 * * *
22 * * *
23 * * *
24 * * *
25 * * *
26 * * *
27 * * *
28 * * *
29 * * *
30 * * *
#每一行纪录就是一跳，每一跳示意一个网关，如果呈现 * 可能是防火墙禁止了 ICMP 数据包
设置指定的跳数
[root@CentOS7-1 ~]# traceroute -m 5 www.bai.com
traceroute to www.bai.com (39.105.137.64), 5 hops max, 60 byte packets
1 gateway (192.168.1.1) 0.891 ms 0.987 ms 1.232 ms
2 100.106.0.1 (100.106.0.1) 5.577 ms 4.535 ms 4.726 ms
3 112.26.21.65 (112.26.21.65) 4.923 ms 5.276 ms 5.243 ms
4 221.183.48.53 (221.183.48.53) 7.336 ms 5.865 ms 5.836 ms
5 221.183.40.33 (221.183.40.33) 25.271 ms 24.109 ms 24.157 ms
显示 IP 地址，不查主机名
[root@CentOS7-1 ~]# traceroute -n www.bai.com
traceroute to www.bai.com (39.105.137.64), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
1 192.168.1.1 0.814 ms 0.553 ms 0.578 ms
2 100.106.0.1 6.032 ms 6.508 ms 6.238 ms
3 112.26.21.65 4.854 ms 4.691 ms 9.640 ms
4 221.183.48.53 7.241 ms 7.086 ms 6.928 ms
5 221.183.40.33 25.174 ms 25.030 ms 25.194 ms
6 * * *
7 111.13.188.37 27.009 ms 111.13.0.173 25.983 ms 39.156.0.46 25.386 ms
8 39.156.1.225 27.632 ms * 39.156.0.37 25.082 ms
9 * 116.251.112.186 28.673 ms 39.156.7.41 26.949 ms
10 123.56.34.25 27.917 ms 116.251.94.113 27.853 ms 119.38.212.97 27.568 ms
11 116.251.105.78 30.888 ms 119.38.212.85 28.531 ms *
12 * * *
13 * * *
14 * * *
15 * * *
16 * * *
17 * * *
18 * * *
19 * * *
20 * * *
21 * * *
22 * * *
23 * * *
24 * * *
25 * * *
26 * * *
27 * * *
28 * * *
29 * * *
30 * * *
把探测包的个数设置为值 5
[root@CentOS7-1 ~]# traceroute -q 5 www.bai.com
traceroute to www.bai.com (39.105.137.64), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
1 gateway (192.168.1.1) 0.795 ms 0.568 ms 0.537 ms 0.474 ms 0.541 ms
2 100.106.0.1 (100.106.0.1) 4.805 ms 4.414 ms 4.843 ms 4.588 ms 4.957 ms
3 112.26.21.65 (112.26.21.65) 4.506 ms 4.574 ms 4.917 ms 4.877 ms 4.880 ms
4 221.183.48.53 (221.183.48.53) 6.155 ms 5.354 ms 5.462 ms 5.264 ms 4.733 ms
5 221.183.40.33 (221.183.40.33) 45.558 ms 24.936 ms 24.420 ms 24.374 ms 24.974 ms
6 * * * * *
7 39.156.0.46 (39.156.0.46) 25.993 ms 39.156.0.37 (39.156.0.37) 25.967 ms 111.13.0.173 (111.13.0.173) 26.491 ms 111.13.188.37 (111.13.188.37) 25.742 ms 26.645 ms
8 * 39.156.0.37 (39.156.0.37) 25.074 ms 39.156.0.46 (39.156.0.46) 25.646 ms 25.533 ms 39.156.0.37 (39.156.0.37) 27.975 ms
9 39.156.7.41 (39.156.7.41) 30.148 ms 39.156.1.225 (39.156.1.225) 27.671 ms 27.640 ms 39.156.7.41 (39.156.7.41) 27.215 ms 26.626 ms
10 116.251.112.206 (116.251.112.206) 28.230 ms 116.251.112.214 (116.251.112.214) 28.362 ms * 119.38.212.85 (119.38.212.85) 27.916 ms 119.38.212.89 (119.38.212.89) 28.332 ms
11 * * * * *
12 * * * * *
13 * * * * *
14 * * * * *
15 * * * * *
16 * * * * *
17 * * * * *
18 * * * * *
19 * * * * *
20 * * * * *
21 * * * * *
22 * * * * *
23 * * * * *
24 * * * * *
25 * * * * *
26 * * * * *
27 * * * * *
28 * * * * *
29 * * * * *
30 * * * * *
绕过失常的路由表，间接发送到网络相连的主机
[root@CentOS7-1 ~]# traceroute -r www.bai.com
traceroute to www.bai.com (39.105.137.64), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
connect: Network is unreachable
[root@CentOS7-1 ~]# traceroute -r 192.168.1.100
traceroute to 192.168.1.100 (192.168.1.100), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
1 CentOS7-1 (192.168.1.100) 0.193 ms 0.004 ms 0.003 ms
每天学一个 Linux 命令（70）：dig
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