关于云计算:如何进行zabbix数据库优化

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MySQL 版本举荐

MySQL5.7 及以上版本，便捷的在线 DDL 不便 zabbix 的疾速降级 链接数据库形式：zabbix 的 server、proxy、MySQL 数据库尽量应用域名形式连贯，不便进行故障切换。

zabbix 数据库的受权

读写权限，用作 zabbix 本身拜访：

grant all privileges on zabbix. to 'zabbix'@'1.1.1.1' identified by 'zabbix';

只读权限，用作二次开发只读 zabbix 数据库：

grant SELECT on zabbix. to 'zabbix_ro'@'1.1.1.1' identified by 'zabbixro';

MySQL 配置文件须要调整的几个重要参数 

innodb_log_files_in_group = 16
innodb_log_file_size = 1G
innodb_file_per_table = 1
max_allowed_packet = 64M
back_log = 1024
max-connections = 2000
sync_binlog = 0
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 0
binlog_format = row
expire_logs_days = 3

巧用 SQL 语句运维 zabbix

应用 SQL 语句更新监控项或是触发器，晋升变更效率，缩小对数据库影响：

update zabbix.items set delay=5 where key='icmpping';
update zabbix.items t,zabbix.functions f set f.parameter='30' where f.itemid=t.itemid and t.key='agent.ping'

巧用读写拆散和负载平衡

在做二次开发时，为防止对线上监控 server 端的影响，尽量应用独立的数据库从库读取数据（可能有大量通过 API 读取历史数据库等只读操作），须要一个只读的 api 接口，此时须要做 zabbix 数据库读写拆散，能够在从库上过滤掉几张表，关上从库的写权限，这几张表次要用作用户登录的审计、session 的记录，否则可能登录失败，：

replicate-wild-ignore-table =zabbix.auditlog
replicate-wild-ignore-table =zabbix.sessions
replicate-wild-ignore-table =zabbix.ids

同时 zabbix web_api 做负载平衡的时候，请应用 IP hash 的形式，因为波及到 session 的问题。

zabbix 降级注意事项

做 zabbix 的降级，其实是做 zabbix 数据库库表的变更，可能蕴含表构造的表更、索引的变更、数据的重组等操作，此时须要做一套新的数据库集群作为线上集群的存库存在，等数据同步实现，断掉同步，应用新的 zabbix server 程序连贯新的数据库集群实现降级，降级实现后切换线上 zabbix server、数据库域名到新的 server 和新的数据库上，这样能最低限度影响失常的监控。

数据库备份和数据清理

备份次要信息即可，监控数据和审计日志、events 不须要备份，数据量太大。历史数据的删除：蕴含监控历史详情数据和趋势数据，应用分区的形式进行删除；另外 events 表也要定时的清理，应用主键进行清理，保留 5 天左右的即可，并须要定期的进行碎片整顿，否则监控大屏显示会逐渐变慢。

zabbix server 历史数据和趋势数据分区

分区 sql 脚本下载地址：https://www.zabbix.org/wiki/D… 为历史表分区做筹备。zabbix2.0/3.0 only，3.2 以上的版本不须要执行 

ALTER TABLE history_text DROP PRIMARY KEY, ADD INDEX (id), DROP INDEX history_text_2, ADD INDEX history_text_2 (itemid, id);
ALTER TABLE history_log DROP PRIMARY KEY, ADD INDEX (id), DROP INDEX history_log_2, ADD INDEX history_log_2 (itemid, id);

在 server 的配置文件中设置 HousekeepingFrequency=0, 禁用 zabbix 自带的清理历史数据工作 设置历史监控数据表中的工夫字段为索引, 不便后续依照工夫取值二次开发 


ALTER TABLE history ADD INDEX clock (clock);
ALTER TABLE history_log ADD INDEX clock (clock);
ALTER TABLE history_str ADD INDEX clock (clock);
ALTER TABLE history_str_sync ADD INDEX clock (clock);
ALTER TABLE history_sync ADD INDEX clock (clock);
ALTER TABLE history_text ADD INDEX clock (clock);
ALTER TABLE history_uint ADD INDEX clock (clock);
ALTER TABLE history_uint_sync ADD INDEX clock (clock);
ALTER TABLE trends ADD INDEX clock (clock);
ALTER TABLE trends_uint ADD INDEX clock (clock);
ALTER TABLE EVENTS ADD INDEX objectid (objectid,VALUE,clock);

如果存在这五个存储过程则删除 

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS partition_create;
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS partition_drop;
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS partition_maintenance;
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS partition_maintenance_all;
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS partition_verify;

第一次执行存储过程 

CALL partition_maintenance_all('zabbix');

inser to crontab 每天执行一次存储过程，生成新的分区和删除老的分区
#!/bin/sh
/xxxxx/mysql/bin/mysql -uzabbix -pzabbixmonitor --socket=/xxxx/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock --database=zabbix -e "CALL partition_maintenance_all('zabbix');"

存储过程详情如下：


/ partition_create /

DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE partition_create(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), PARTITIONNAME VARCHAR(64), CLOCK INT)
BEGIN
/
SCHEMANAME = The DB schema in which to make changes
TABLENAME = The table with partitions to potentially delete
PARTITIONNAME = The name of the partition to create
/
/
Verify that the partition does not already exist
/

    DECLARE RETROWS INT;
    SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS
    FROM information_schema.partitions
    WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND TABLE_NAME = TABLENAME AND partition_description >= CLOCK;

    IF RETROWS = 0 THEN
            /*
               1. Print a message indicating that a partition was created.
               2. Create the SQL to create the partition.
               3. Execute the SQL from #2.
            */
            SELECT CONCAT("partition_create(", SCHEMANAME, ",", TABLENAME, ",", PARTITIONNAME, ",", CLOCK, ")" ) AS msg;
            SET @SQL = CONCAT('ALTER TABLE', SCHEMANAME, '.', TABLENAME, 'ADD PARTITION (PARTITION', PARTITIONNAME, 'VALUES LESS THAN (', CLOCK, '));' );
            PREPARE STMT FROM @SQL;
            EXECUTE STMT;
            DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;
    END IF;
END$$
DELIMITER ;

/ partition_drop /

DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE partition_drop(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE BIGINT)
BEGIN
/
SCHEMANAME = The DB schema in which to make changes
TABLENAME = The table with partitions to potentially delete
DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE = Delete any partitions with names that are dates older than this one (yyyy-mm-dd)
/
DECLARE done INT DEFAULT FALSE;
DECLARE drop_part_name VARCHAR(16);

    /*
       Get a list of all the partitions that are older than the date
       in DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE.  All partitions are prefixed with
       a "p", so use SUBSTRING TO get rid of that character.
    */
    DECLARE myCursor CURSOR FOR
            SELECT partition_name
            FROM information_schema.partitions
            WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND TABLE_NAME = TABLENAME AND CAST(SUBSTRING(partition_name FROM 2) AS UNSIGNED) < DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE;
    DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done = TRUE;

    /*
       Create the basics for when we need to drop the partition.  Also, create
       @drop_partitions to hold a comma-delimited list of all partitions that
       should be deleted.
    */
    SET @alter_header = CONCAT("ALTER TABLE", SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME, "DROP PARTITION");
    SET @drop_partitions = "";

    /*
       Start looping through all the partitions that are too old.
    */
    OPEN myCursor;
    read_loop: LOOP
            FETCH myCursor INTO drop_part_name;
            IF done THEN
                    LEAVE read_loop;
            END IF;
            SET @drop_partitions = IF(@drop_partitions = "", drop_part_name, CONCAT(@drop_partitions,",", drop_part_name));
    END LOOP;
    IF @drop_partitions != "" THEN
            /*
               1. Build the SQL to drop all the necessary partitions.
               2. Run the SQL to drop the partitions.
               3. Print out the table partitions that were deleted.
            */
            SET @full_sql = CONCAT(@alter_header, @drop_partitions, ";");
            PREPARE STMT FROM @full_sql;
            EXECUTE STMT;
            DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;

            SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME) AS `table`, @drop_partitions AS `partitions_deleted`;
    ELSE
            /*
               No partitions are being deleted, so print out "N/A" (Not applicable) to indicate
               that no changes were made.
            */
            SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME) AS `table`, "N/A" AS `partitions_deleted`;
    END IF;
END$$
DELIMITER ;

/ partition_maintenance /
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32), TABLE_NAME VARCHAR(32), KEEP_DATA_DAYS INT, HOURLY_INTERVAL INT, CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS INT)
BEGIN
DECLARE OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE VARCHAR(16);
DECLARE PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);
DECLARE LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP INT;
DECLARE CUR_TIME INT;

    CALL partition_verify(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, HOURLY_INTERVAL);
    SET CUR_TIME = UNIX_TIMESTAMP(DATE_FORMAT(NOW(), '%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00'));

    SET @__interval = 1;
    create_loop: LOOP
            IF @__interval > CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS THEN
                    LEAVE create_loop;
            END IF;

            SET LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP = CUR_TIME + (HOURLY_INTERVAL * @__interval * 3600);
            SET PARTITION_NAME = FROM_UNIXTIME(CUR_TIME + HOURLY_INTERVAL * (@__interval - 1) * 3600, 'p%Y%m%d%H00');
            CALL partition_create(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, PARTITION_NAME, LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP);
            SET @__interval=@__interval+1;
    END LOOP;

    SET OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE=DATE_FORMAT(DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL KEEP_DATA_DAYS DAY), '%Y%m%d0000');
    CALL partition_drop(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE);

END$$
DELIMITER ;

/ partition_verify /
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE partition_verify(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), HOURLYINTERVAL INT(11))
BEGIN
DECLARE PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);
DECLARE RETROWS INT(11);
DECLARE FUTURE_TIMESTAMP TIMESTAMP;

    /*
     * Check if any partitions exist for the given SCHEMANAME.TABLENAME.
     */
    SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS
    FROM information_schema.partitions
    WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND TABLE_NAME = TABLENAME AND partition_name IS NULL;

    /*
     * If partitions do not exist, go ahead and partition the table
     */
    IF RETROWS = 1 THEN
            /*
             * Take the current date at 00:00:00 and add HOURLYINTERVAL to it.  This is the timestamp below which we will store values.
             * We begin partitioning based on the beginning of a day.  This is because we don't want to generate a random partition
             * that won't necessarily fall in line with the desired partition naming (ie: if the hour interval is 24 hours, we could
             * end up creating a partition now named "p201403270600" when all other partitions will be like "p201403280000").
             */
            SET FUTURE_TIMESTAMP = TIMESTAMPADD(HOUR, HOURLYINTERVAL, CONCAT(CURDATE(), "",'00:00:00'));
            SET PARTITION_NAME = DATE_FORMAT(CURDATE(), 'p%Y%m%d%H00');

            -- Create the partitioning query
            SET @__PARTITION_SQL = CONCAT("ALTER TABLE", SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME, "PARTITION BY RANGE(`clock`)");
            SET @__PARTITION_SQL = CONCAT(@__PARTITION_SQL, "(PARTITION", PARTITION_NAME, "VALUES LESS THAN (", UNIX_TIMESTAMP(FUTURE_TIMESTAMP), "));");

            -- Run the partitioning query
            PREPARE STMT FROM @__PARTITION_SQL;
            EXECUTE STMT;
            DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;
    END IF;
END$$
DELIMITER ;

/ partition_maintenance_all /
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE partition_maintenance_all(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32))
BEGIN
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history', 28, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_log', 28, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_str', 28, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_text', 28, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_uint', 28, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'trends', 730, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'trends_uint', 730, 24, 14);
END$$
DELIMITER ;

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