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代词
1、人称代词
示意“我、你、他、她、它、咱们、你们、他们”的词。
| — | 我 | 你 | 他 | 她 | 它 | 咱们 | 你们 | 他们 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 主格 | I | you | he | she | it | we | you | they |
| 宾格 | me | you | him | her | it | us | you | them |
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主格个别用在句子结尾做主语，通常用在动词前。
I am a student. They are cleaning the classroom. -
宾格能够用来示意动作行为的对象，个别用在动词和介词前面。
Ask her, please. Listen to me carefully.
2、物主代词
示意所有关系的代词。
| — | 我的 | 你的 | 他的 | 她的 | 它的 | 咱们的 | 你们的 | 他们的 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 形容词性 | my | your | his | her | its | our | your | their |
| 名词性 | mine | yours | his | hers | its | ours | yours | theirs |
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形容词性物主代词前面个别要带上名词。
my watch, his cousin, our school -
名词性物主代词自身就可以看做是名词，故其后不能再加名词，可独自应用。
-- Is that your bike? -- No, Mine is blue.
3、不定代词
没有明确指定代替某个（些）人或物的词叫不定代词。
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some和any都示意“一些”，既能够润饰可数名词，也能够润饰不可数名词。-
some多用在肯定句中，any多用在否定句和疑问句中。There are some flowers in the garden. (肯定句) There isn't any milk in the frideg. (否定句) Do you have any hobbies? (疑问句) -
在示意邀请和心愿对方给予必定答复的疑问句中也要用
some。-- Would you like some coffee? -- Yes, please.（邀请）-- Mum, can I have some peaches? -- Sure.（心愿对方给予必定答复）
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both和all-
both示意“两个都……”，只指代或润饰可数名词。We are both policemen.（强调两人） -
all示意“三个或三个以上都……”，既可指代或润饰可数名词，也可指代或润饰不可数名词。They are all in the room.（至多三人）
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many和much都示意“许多”，many润饰可数名词，much润饰不可数名词。My uncle has many stamps. There is much tea in the cup. -
each和every，each强调集体，指两个或两个以上的人或事物中的“每个”，every是指许多人或事物的“整体”，与all的意思相近。I'll buy a present for each of her parents.（我要为她的父母每人买一件礼物。） -
other作形容词时意思是“其余的”，指尚未提到的部门，其后个别接复数名词。We study Chinese, English, Maths and other subjects. -
something和everything-
something示意某事、某物。I want something to drink. -
everything示意所有事物、每样事物。Tell me everything about you.
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nobody没有人She likes nobody and nobody likes her.
4、批示代词
this（这个）、these（这些）示意在工夫上或空间上较近的人或物。that（那个）、those（那些）示意在工夫上或空间上较远的人或物。
5、疑难代词
用来表白疑难或形成疑问句的代词，个别放在疑问句的句首。
| 疑难代词 | 含意 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| what | 问什么 | –What’s your name? — My name is Tom. |
| what colour | 问色彩 | –What colour is your coat? –It’s red. |
| what day | 问星期 | –What day is it today? –It’s Monday. |
| what date | 问日期 | –What date is it today? –It’s the first of June. |
| what shape | 问形态 | –What shape is the moon? –It’s round. |
| what … job | 问工作 | –What’s your father’s job? –He’s a bus driver. |
| what time | 问工夫 | –What time is it? –It’s ten o’clock. |
| when | 问时候 | –When is your birthday? –It’s on the first of May. |
| which | 问哪个 | –Which is your watch, this one or that one? –That one. |
| where | 问地点 | –Where is my pen? –It’s on the floor. |
| who | 问谁 | –Who is the boy with big eyes? –He’s Liu Tao. |
| whose | 问谁的 | –Whose bag is this? –It’s Helen’s. |
| why | 问起因 | –Why are you absent today? –I’m ill |
| how | 问形式 | –How do you go to school? –By bus. |
| how many | 问数量 | –How many books are there? –There are five. |
| how much | 问价格 | –How much is it? –Twenty yuan. |
| how old | 问年龄 | –How old are you? –I’m twevel |
| how far | 问间隔 | –How far is it from here? –It’s about one kilometer. |
| how about | 问状况 | –I’m thirsty. How about you? –Me, too. |
形容词
形容词用来润饰名词或代词，示意人或事物的性质、状态和特色。它的地位通常放在被润饰的名词前。也能够放在 be 动词和 look、feel、taste、sound、get 之后。
在英语中，形容词有三个等级，即原级、比较级和最高级。
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示意两者“等同”时用原级，构造为：
as + 原级 + as，示意“xx 和 xx 一样……”。Are you as tall as your twin sister? -
示意两者“比拟”时用比较级，构造为：
比较级 + than，示意“xx 比 xxx 更……”。He's one year younger than me. -
三个或三个以上的人或物进行比拟，用形容词最高级。构造为：
the + 形容词最高级 + in/of 等示意范畴的短语，示意“最……”。Autumn is the best season in New York. She is the tallest girl of our three.
形容词比较级的形成规定
- 个别在词尾加
er：taller、longer - 以字母
e结尾，只加r：late --> later - 以
辅音字母 + y结尾，变y为i，再加er：heavy --> heavier - 双写开端的辅音字母，再加
er：fat --> fatter - 双音节和多音节词的比较级，在原级前加
more：more beautiful、more careful - 不规则变动：
good --> better、many/much --> more、fat --> farther、bad/ill --> worse
