关于响应式:深入理解h2和r2dbch2

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简介

本文将会介绍 R2DBC 的 H2 实现 r2dbc-h2 的应用办法和要留神的事项。一起来看看吧。

H2 数据库简介

什么是 H2 数据库呢?

H2 是一个 Java SQL database,它是一个开源的数据库,运行起来十分快。

H2 风行的起因是它既能够当做一个独立的服务器,也能够以一个嵌套的服务运行,并且反对纯内存模式运行。

H2 的 jar 包十分小,只有 2M 大小,所以非常适合做嵌套式数据库。

如果作为嵌入式数据库,则须要将 h2*.jar 增加到 classpath 中。

上面是一个简略的建设 H2 连贯的代码:

import java.sql.*;
public class Test {public static void main(String[] a)
            throws Exception {
        Connection conn = DriverManager.
            getConnection("jdbc:h2:~/test", "sa", "");
        // add application code here
        conn.close();}
}

如果给定地址的数据库并不存在,

同时 H2 还提供了一个简略的治理界面,应用上面的命令就能够启动 H2 治理界面:

java -jar h2*.jar

默认状况下拜访 http://localhost:8082 就能够拜访到治理界面:

r2dbc-h2

r2dbc-h2 是 r2dbc spi 的一种实现。同样的应用 r2dbc-h2 也提供了两种 h2 的模式,一种是文件系统,一种是内存。

同时还提供了事务反对,prepared statements 和 batch statements 等个性的反对。

r2dbc-h2 的 Maven 依赖

要想应用 r2dbc-h2,咱们须要增加如下依赖:

<dependency>
  <groupId>io.r2dbc</groupId>
  <artifactId>r2dbc-h2</artifactId>
  <version>${version}</version>
</dependency>

如果你体验 snapshot 版本,能够增加上面的依赖:

<dependency>
  <groupId>io.r2dbc</groupId>
  <artifactId>r2dbc-h2</artifactId>
  <version>${version}.BUILD-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>

<repository>
  <id>spring-libs-snapshot</id>
  <name>Spring Snapshot Repository</name>
  <url>https://repo.spring.io/libs-snapshot</url>
</repository>

建设连贯

h2 有两种连贯形式,file 和内存,咱们别离看一下都是怎么建设连贯的:

ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = ConnectionFactories.get("r2dbc:h2:mem:///testdb");

Publisher<? extends Connection> connectionPublisher = connectionFactory.create();
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = ConnectionFactories.get("r2dbc:h2:file//my/relative/path");

Publisher<? extends Connection> connectionPublisher = connectionFactory.create();

咱们还能够通过 ConnectionFactoryOptions 来创立更加具体的连贯信息:

ConnectionFactoryOptions options = builder()
    .option(DRIVER, "h2")
    .option(PROTOCOL, "...")  // file, mem
    .option(HOST, "…")
    .option(USER, "…")
    .option(PASSWORD, "…")
    .option(DATABASE, "…")
    .build();

ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = ConnectionFactories.get(options);

Publisher<? extends Connection> connectionPublisher = connectionFactory.create();

// Alternative: Creating a Mono using Project Reactor
Mono<Connection> connectionMono = Mono.from(connectionFactory.create());

下面的例子中,咱们应用到了 driver,protocol, host,username,password 和 database 这几个选项,除此之外 H2ConnectionOption 中定义了其余能够应用的 Option:

public enum H2ConnectionOption {

    /**
     * FILE|SOCKET|NO
     */
    FILE_LOCK,

    /**
     * TRUE|FALSE
     */
    IFEXISTS,

    /**
     * Seconds to stay open or {@literal -1} to to keep in-memory DB open as long as the virtual machine is alive.
     */
    DB_CLOSE_DELAY,

    /**
     * TRUE|FALSE
     */
    DB_CLOSE_ON_EXIT,

    /**
     * DML or DDL commands on startup, use "\\;" to chain multiple commands
     */
    INIT,

    /**
     * 0..3 (0=OFF, 1=ERROR, 2=INFO, 3=DEBUG)
     */
    TRACE_LEVEL_FILE,

    /**
     *  Megabytes (to override the 16mb default, e.g. 64)
     */
    TRACE_MAX_FILE_SIZE,

    /**
     * 0..3 (0=OFF, 1=ERROR, 2=INFO, 3=DEBUG)
     */
    TRACE_LEVEL_SYSTEM_OUT,

    LOG,

    /**
     * TRUE|FALSE
     */
    IGNORE_UNKNOWN_SETTINGS,

    /**
     * r|rw|rws|rwd (r=read, rw=read/write)
     */
    ACCESS_MODE_DATA,

    /**
     * DB2|Derby|HSQLDB|MSSQLServer|MySQL|Oracle|PostgreSQL|Ignite
     */
    MODE,

    /**
     *  TRUE|FALSE
     */
    AUTO_SERVER,

    /**
     * A port number
     */
    AUTO_SERVER_PORT,

    /**
     * Bytes (e.g. 512)
     */
    PAGE_SIZE,

    /**
     * Number of threads (e.g. 4)
     */
    MULTI_THREADED,

    /**
     * TQ|SOFT_LRU
     */
    CACHE_TYPE,

    /**
     * TRUE|FALSE
     */
    PASSWORD_HASH;
}

当然还有最间接的 database 选项:

r2dbc:h2:file//../relative/file/name
r2dbc:h2:file///absolute/file/name
r2dbc:h2:mem:///testdb

咱们还能够通过 H2 特有的代码 H2ConnectionFactory 来创立:

H2ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new H2ConnectionFactory(H2ConnectionConfiguration.builder()
    .inMemory("...")
    .option(H2ConnectionOption.DB_CLOSE_DELAY, "-1")
    .build());

Mono<Connection> connection = connectionFactory.create();
CloseableConnectionFactory connectionFactory = H2ConnectionFactory.inMemory("testdb");

Mono<Connection> connection = connectionFactory.create();

参数绑定

在应用 prepare statement 的时候,咱们须要进行参数绑定:

connection
    .createStatement("INSERT INTO person (id, first_name, last_name) VALUES ($1, $2, $3)")
    .bind("$1", 1)
    .bind("$2", "Walter")
    .bind("$3", "White")
    .execute()

除了 $ 符号绑定之外,还反对 index 绑定,如下所示:

Statement statement = connection.createStatement("SELECT title FROM books WHERE author = $1 and publisher = $2");
statement.bind(0, "John Doe");
statement.bind(1, "Happy Books LLC");

批处理

咱们来看下 r2dbc-h2 是怎么来进行批处理的:

Batch batch = connection.createBatch();
Publisher<? extends Result> publisher = batch.add("SELECT title, author FROM books")
    .add("INSERT INTO books VALUES('John Doe','HappyBooks LLC')")
    .execute();

事务和 Savepoint

r2dbc 还反对事务和 savepoint, 咱们能够在事务中 rollback 到特定的 savepoint。具体的代码如下:

Publisher<Void> begin = connection.beginTransaction();

Publisher<Void> insert1 = connection.createStatement("INSERT INTO books VALUES ('John Doe')").execute();

Publisher<Void> savepoint = connection.createSavepoint("savepoint");

Publisher<Void> insert2 = connection.createStatement("INSERT INTO books VALUES ('Jane Doe')").execute();


Publisher<Void> partialRollback = connection.rollbackTransactionToSavepoint("savepoint");


Publisher<Void> commit = connection.commit();

本文作者:flydean 程序那些事

本文链接:http://www.flydean.com/r2dbc-h2-in-depth/

本文起源:flydean 的博客

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