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倡议最小化装置 Ubuntu 零碎,精简不必要的软件!
Ubuntu 镜像
用于 apt
减速。首先,抉择你的 Ubuntu 版本的配置,
- 阿里源
- 清华源
而后,替换进 /etc/apt/sources.list
:
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup
sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo apt update
中文输入法
- 关上
Settings
的Region & Language
配置页,点击Manage Installed Language
弹出Language Support
窗口 -
于
Language Support
窗口,点击Install/Remove Languages
,勾选Chinese (simplified)
再Apply
装置语言Keyboard Input method system
选IBus
- 回到
Region & Language
配置页,Input Sources
下点击+
,抉择Chinese
再Chinese (Intelligent Pinyin)
实现 -
关上
Settings
的Devices
Keyboard
配置页,可批改Typing
快捷键。默认Super+Space
切换输出。Chinese (Intelligent Pinyin)
时Shift
切换中英。
exFAT 驱动
反对 exFAT 格局的移动硬盘。exFAT 于 macOS, Windows 可读写;文件和分区的大小,可到 128PB。
sudo apt install exfat-fuse exfat-utils
必要开发软件
零碎最小化装置时,必要装置的一些工具:
# ifconfig
sudo apt install net-tools
开发,必要装置的一些软件:
sudo apt install build-essential cmake git
- Visual Studio Code on Linux
SSH 配置
近程机器启用 SSH 服务:
# 装置服务
sudo apt install openssh-server
# 启动服务
sudo service ssh start
# 查看服务
ps -aux | grep ssh
如果要免密登录,可把公钥复制进 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
。或者,本地机器写进近程机器:
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub remote@0.0.0.0
本地机器增加 SSH 私钥:
# 如果没有,则生成秘钥
# 私钥 id_rsa 公钥 id_rsa.pub
ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "ikuokuo@hotmail.com"
# 把已有私钥放进 ~/.ssh/
mkdir -p ~/.ssh/
mv id_rsa ~/.ssh/
chmod 600 ~/.ssh/id_rsa
# 增加进 ssh-agent
ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa
# 测试是否胜利
ssh -T remote@0.0.0.0
配置 ~/.ssh/config
,可设 Host 昵称,如用于 GitHub 多账户:
Host github.com
HostName github.com
PreferredAuthentications publickey
IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa
屏幕分享
Settings > Sharing > Screen Sharing,启用屏幕分享。
零碎最小化装置时,或于某些嵌入式版本的 Ubuntu,不存在上述选项,需装置:
# 装置服务
sudo apt install vino
# 启用服务
/usr/lib/vino/vino-server
# SSH 登录启用服务
/usr/lib/vino/vino-server --display=:0
配置需敞开 require-encryption,尔后如 macOS Screen Sharing 等才可登录:
# sudo apt install dconf-editor
sudo apt install dconf-tools
dconf write /org/gnome/desktop/remote-access/require-encryption false
Ubuntu 可用 Remmina 客户端软件,VNC 进入远程桌面:
sudo apt install remmina remmina-plugin-vnc
屏幕录制
- Kazam: 屏幕录制
- HandBrake: 格局转换
因为 Kazam 录制格局于其余平台可能存在问题,如微信。可用 HandBrake 转换成 MPEG-4 再分享。
sudo apt install kazam handbrake
桌面优化
可用 Tweaks 优化或定制 GNOME 桌面。其扩大可见:https://extensions.gnome.org。
sudo apt install gnome-tweaks
Nvidia 驱动
如果是 N 卡,可装置 Nvidia 驱动。举荐应用 graphics drivers PPA 形式:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt update
如果装置 CUDA Toolkit,请先理解 CUDA Compatibility。装置 CUDA Toolkit 时,留神其携带的驱动版本,最好将其与驱动别离进行装置。而驱动从官网上间接找适合的版本。
查看驱动信息
Settings > Details > About, Graphics: 查看显卡驱动
$ ubuntu-drivers devices
== /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.3 ==
modalias : pci:v00008086d000006F0sv00008086sd000002A4bc02sc80i00
vendor : Intel Corporation
manual_install: True
driver : backport-iwlwifi-dkms - distro free
$ lspci | grep -i vga
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Device 9bc4 (rev 05)
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation Device 1f15 (rev a1)
$ lspci -v -s 01:00.0
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation Device 1f15 (rev a1) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
Subsystem: Device 1d05:1097
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 159
Memory at c5000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16M]
Memory at b0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M]
Memory at c0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=32M]
I/O ports at 6000 [size=128]
Expansion ROM at c6000000 [disabled] [size=512K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: nouveau
Kernel modules: nvidiafb, nouveau
装置 Nvidia 驱动
apt-cache search nvidia | grep ^nvidia-driver
sudo apt install nvidia-driver-440
查看 Nvidia 驱动信息
$ nvidia-smi
Fri Apr 17 07:31:55 2020
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 440.82 Driver Version: 440.82 CUDA Version: 10.2 |
|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| GPU Name Persistence-M| Bus-Id Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan Temp Perf Pwr:Usage/Cap| Memory-Usage | GPU-Util Compute M. |
|===============================+======================+======================|
| 0 GeForce RTX 2060 Off | 00000000:01:00.0 Off | N/A |
| N/A 40C P8 5W / N/A | 263MiB / 5934MiB | 3% Default |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes: GPU Memory |
| GPU PID Type Process name Usage |
|=============================================================================|
| 0 1560 G /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg 144MiB |
| 0 1726 G /usr/bin/gnome-shell 76MiB |
| 0 2063 G ...uest-channel-token=10544833948196615517 39MiB |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
# after reboot
$ nvidia-settings