背景
http协定是无状态的,即每次发送的报文没有任何分割;这就带来一个问题:如何判断用户的登录状态?总不可能每次申请的时候都从新输出用户名明码吧.于是人们应用客户端cookie保留sessionId+服务端保留session的形式解决了这个问题.这也带来了额定的问题:
- session最后是存储在内存中的,当用户量过大时,服务器须要接受额外负担.
- session不利于横向拓展.比方当你搭建集群的时候,应用nginx转发申请后你并不能确定每次申请下发到了哪台服务器.
当然也衍生出了解决办法
- nginx应用ip_hash模式.将用户ip hash计算后失去一个固定值,确保每次申请都落在同一台服务器.当然这种做法很蠢,因为这象征一旦某台服务器挂了,该用户短时间将无法访问了.
- 将session保留到缓存数据库中,如redis.
- 应用token保留登录信息,将token存储到缓存数据库如redis.
- 应用jwt生成token,服务端生成token时会用密钥进行签名.每次客户端申请时携带token能够间接验证是否是服务端签发的.当然这种形式也存在缺点:token的过期工夫不可批改.这意味着一旦token颁发,你无法控制其生效工夫.某种意义上存在安全隐患.所以有时候还是会在里面套一层redis管制token生效工夫.
demo
- mvc拦截器实现登录认证
- shiro单机环境
- shiro-redis 集群环境
- jwt
1.mvc拦截器
初始化拦截器配置,过滤登录申请及动态资源
@Configuration
public class WebMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
@Autowired
private loginInteceptor loginInteceptor;
@Override
public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
registry.addResourceHandler("/statics/**")
.addResourceLocations("classpath:/statics/");
registry.addResourceHandler("/*.html")
.addResourceLocations("classpath:/templates/");
}
@Override
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
registry.addInterceptor(loginInteceptor).excludePathPatterns("/login.html", "/statics/**"
,"/shiro/login");
}
}
自定义拦截器,若没有登录则重定向到登录页面
@Component
@Slf4j
public class loginInteceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
if (request.getSession().getAttribute("username") != null) {
return true;
}
response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath() + "/login.html");
return false;
}
}
2.Shiro单机环境
Shiro是一款杰出的平安框架.相较与SpringSecurity配置简略,宽泛使用于SpringBoot中.单机架构中session会交给shiro治理.
Shiro外围模块
1.subject:subject即以后拜访零碎的用户,能够通过SecurityUtils获取.
2.realm:shiro拜访数据库校验的dao层.shiro反对繁多realm认证和多realm认证.
3.SecurityManager:shiro的外围管理器,负责认证与受权,manager从relam中获取数据库数据.
4.ShiroFilterFactoryBean:shiro拦截器,负责拦挡申请和放开申请,拦挡胜利后会被申请交还给manager判断.
1.登录接口
这里session曾经交给shiro治理.ShiroHttpSession实现了HttpSession接口.Shiro内置了多种异样,这边就不展现了.
@PostMapping("login")
public Tr<?> shiroLogin(HttpSession httpSession,@RequestBody UserEntity entity) {
log.info("session:{}", new Gson().toJson(httpSession));
Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
try {
subject.login(new UsernamePasswordToken(entity.getName(), entity.getPassword()));
return new Tr<>(200, "登陆胜利");
} catch (Exception e) {
return new Tr<>("登录失败");
}
}
2.自定义realm作为数据交互层
重写doGetAuthenticationInfo进行身份验证.
留神shiro存储明码应用的是char数组,这边须要转为String.
@Override
protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException {
UsernamePasswordToken usernamePasswordToken = (UsernamePasswordToken) authenticationToken;
String password = String.valueOf(usernamePasswordToken.getPassword());
UserEntity entity = userService.getOne(
new QueryWrapper<UserEntity>()
.eq("name", usernamePasswordToken.getUsername())
);
if (entity == null) {
throw new UnknownAccountException("账号不存在");
} else {
if (!password.equals(entity.getPassword())) {
throw new IncorrectCredentialsException("明码谬误");
}
} return new SimpleAccount(authenticationToken.getPrincipal(), authenticationToken.getCredentials(), getName());
}
3.注入shiro管理器,拦截器
@Bean
public CustomRealm customRealm() {
return new CustomRealm();
}
/**
* 管理器,注入自定义的realm
*/
@Bean("securityManager")
public SessionsSecurityManager securityManager(CustomRealm customRealm) {
DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager = new DefaultWebSecurityManager();
securityManager.setRealm(customRealm);
return securityManager;
}
/**
* shiro过滤器,factory注入manager
*/
@Bean("shiroFilter")
public ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean(SecurityManager securityManager) {
ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
shiroFilterFactoryBean.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
Map<String, String> filterMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
//放开拦挡
filterMap.put("/shiro/login/**","anon");
filterMap.put("login.html","anon");
//放开动态资源
filterMap.put("/statics/**","anon");
//拦挡所有
filterMap.put("/**", "authc");
shiroFilterFactoryBean.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(filterMap);
//默认认证门路 默认login.jsp
shiroFilterFactoryBean.setLoginUrl("/login.html");
return shiroFilterFactoryBean;
}
3.shiro-redis 集群环境
首先须要额定引入shiro-redis插件,帮咱们实现了应用redis作为shiro的缓存管理器.(当然你能够不必这个依赖本人手撸)
<dependency>
<groupId>org.crazycake</groupId>
<artifactId>shiro-redis</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
</dependency>
crazycake内置的IRedisManager有四个实现类如图.依据理论状况抉择一个即可
给relam配置缓存处理器,当然也能够间接给securityManager设置.这取决于细粒度的管制.
@Bean("customRealm")
public CustomRealm customRealm() {
//redis
RedisManager redisManager = new RedisManager();
redisManager.setHost("127.0.0.1");
redisManager.setPort(6380);
//shiro缓存管理器
RedisCacheManager redisCacheManager = new RedisCacheManager();
//惟一标识
redisCacheManager.setPrincipalIdFieldName("id");
redisCacheManager.setRedisManager(redisManager);
log.info("redis缓存管理器:{}", new Gson().toJson(redisCacheManager));
CustomRealm customRealm = new CustomRealm();
//开启全局缓存
customRealm.setCachingEnabled(true);
//开启认证缓存
customRealm.setAuthenticationCachingEnabled(true);
customRealm.setCacheManager(redisCacheManager);
return customRealm;
}
开启缓存后,调用subject的login接口会优先应用缓存数据取代查mysql.
private AuthenticationInfo getCachedAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) {
AuthenticationInfo info = null;
Cache<Object, AuthenticationInfo> cache = getAvailableAuthenticationCache();
if (cache != null && token != null) {
log.trace("Attempting to retrieve the AuthenticationInfo from cache.");
Object key = getAuthenticationCacheKey(token);
info = cache.get(key);
if (info == null) {
log.trace("No AuthorizationInfo found in cache for key [{}]", key);
} else {
log.trace("Found cached AuthorizationInfo for key [{}]", key);
}
}
return info;
}
4.JWT
Json web token,服务端依据密钥签发token,设置生效工夫.客户端拜访时携带token,依据密钥能够直接判断是否是以后服务器签发的.jwt的这一个性也经常用于单点登录等场景.
jwt由Header,Payload,Signature组成.Header中存储令牌类型和签名算法.Payload存不敏感业务信息.签名由后端依据密钥生成.理论使用时时候会应用base64编码后传递.
@PostMapping("login")
public Tr<?> jwtLogin(HttpSession httpSession,@RequestBody UserEntity entity) {
UserEntity userEntity = userService.getOne(
new QueryWrapper<UserEntity>().eq("name", entity.getName()));
if(userEntity==null){return new Tr<>("账号不存在");}
if(!entity.getPassword()
.equals(userEntity.getPassword()))
{return new Tr<>("明码谬误");}
//如果账号密码正确,生成token
String jwtToken = JwtUtil.sign(entity.getName());
log.info("获取token:{}",new Gson().toJson(jwtToken));
return new Tr<>(200, jwtToken,"登陆胜利");
}
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
String token = request.getHeader("token");
log.info("获取token:{}",token);
if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(JwtUtil.verify(token))){
return true;
}
response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath() + "/login.html");
return false;
}
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