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小伙伴们晓得,当咱们应用 Spring 容器的时候,如果遇到一些非凡的 Bean,一般来说能够通过如下三种形式进行配置:
- 动态工厂办法
- 实例工厂办法
- FactoryBean
不过从 Spring5 开始,在 AbstractBeandefinition 类中多了一个属性,对于非凡的 Bean 咱们有了更多的抉择:
/**
* Specify a callback for creating an instance of the bean,
* as an alternative to a declaratively specified factory method.
* <p>If such a callback is set, it will override any other constructor
* or factory method metadata. However, bean property population and
* potential annotation-driven injection will still apply as usual.
* @since 5.0
* @see #setConstructorArgumentValues(ConstructorArgumentValues)
* @see #setPropertyValues(MutablePropertyValues)
*/
public void setInstanceSupplier(@Nullable Supplier<?> instanceSupplier) {this.instanceSupplier = instanceSupplier;}
/**
* Return a callback for creating an instance of the bean, if any.
* @since 5.0
*/
@Nullable
public Supplier<?> getInstanceSupplier() {return this.instanceSupplier;}
接下来松哥就来和大家简略聊一聊这个话题。
1. 传统解决方案
1.1 问题
不晓得各位小伙伴们有没有用过 OkHttp,这是一个专门做网络申请的工具,在微服务的 HTTP 调用组件中,咱们能够配置底层应用 OkHttp 这个工具。
一般来说,如果咱们想间接应用 OkHttp,代码如下:
OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
.connectTimeout(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
.readTimeout(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
.build();
Request getReq = new Request.Builder().get().url("http://www.javaboy.org").build();
Call call = client.newCall(getReq);
call.enqueue(new Callback() {
@Override
public void onFailure(@NotNull Call call, @NotNull IOException e) {System.out.println("e.getMessage() =" + e.getMessage());
}
@Override
public void onResponse(@NotNull Call call, @NotNull Response response) throws IOException {System.out.println("response.body().string() =" + response.body().string());
}
});
先通过建造者模式创立进去一个 OkHttpClient 对象,而后还是建造者模式创立进去 Request 对象,接下来去发送申请就能够了。那么对于这样的代码,咱们能够将 OkHttpClient 对象交由 Spring 容器对立治理,那么该如何将 OkHttpClient 注册到 Spring 容器中呢?
1.2 动态工厂办法
首先能够采纳动态工厂办法,也就是工厂办法是一个静态方法,如下:
public class OkHttpStaticFactory {
private static OkHttpClient okHttpClient;
static {okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
.connectTimeout(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
.readTimeout(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
.build();}
public static OkHttpClient getOkHttpClient() {return okHttpClient;}
}
而后在 Spring 配置文件中进行注入:
<bean class="org.javaboy.bean.OkHttpStaticFactory" factory-method="getOkHttpClient" id="httpClient"/>
动态工厂的特点是静态方法能够间接调用,并必须要获取到工厂类的实例,所以下面配置的时候只须要指定 factory-method
就能够了。
这就能够了,未来咱们去 Spring 容器中查找一个名为 httpClient 的对象,拿到手的就是 OkHttpClient 了。
1.3 实例工厂办法
实例工厂办法意思就是说工厂办法是一个实例办法。如下:
public class OkHttpInstanceFactory {
private volatile static OkHttpClient okHttpClient;
public OkHttpClient getInstance() {if (okHttpClient == null) {synchronized (OkHttpInstanceFactory.class) {if (okHttpClient == null) {okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
.connectTimeout(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
.readTimeout(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
.build();}
}
}
return okHttpClient;
}
}
这是一个简略的单例模式。然而这里的工厂办法是一个实例办法,实例办法的调用必须得先获取到对象而后能力调用实例办法,因而配置形式如下:
<bean class="org.javaboy.bean.OkHttpInstanceFactory" id="httpInstanceFactory"/>
<bean factory-bean="httpInstanceFactory" factory-method="getInstance" id="httpClient"/>
好啦,接下来咱们就能够去 Spring 容器中获取一个名为 httpClient 的对象了,拿到手的就是 OkHttpClient 实例。
1.4 FactoryBean
当然,也能够通过 FactoryBean 来解决上述问题,FactoryBean 松哥在之前的文章中刚刚和大家介绍过,咱们来看下:
public class OkHttpClientFactoryBean implements FactoryBean<OkHttpClient> {
@Override
public OkHttpClient getObject() throws Exception {return new OkHttpClient.Builder()
.connectTimeout(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
.readTimeout(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
.build();}
@Override
public Class<?> getObjectType() {return OkHttpClient.class;}
@Override
public boolean isSingleton() {return true;}
}
最初在 Spring 中配置即可:
<bean class="org.javaboy.bean.OkHttpClientFactoryBean" id="httpClient"/>
这个就不做过多解释了,不相熟的小伙伴能够翻看后面的文章。
下面这三种计划都是传统计划。
特地是前两种,其实咱们用的比拟少,前两种有一个缺点,就是咱们配置的的 factory-method 都是通过反射来调用的,通过反射调用的话,多多少少性能受点影响。
这种 factory-method 在 Spring 中解决的源码执行时序图如下:
所以最终反射是在 SimpleInstantiationStrategy#instantiate
办法中执行的,就是大家十分相熟的反射代码了:
@Override
public Object instantiate(RootBeanDefinition bd, @Nullable String beanName, BeanFactory owner,
@Nullable Object factoryBean, final Method factoryMethod, Object... args) {ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(factoryMethod);
Method priorInvokedFactoryMethod = currentlyInvokedFactoryMethod.get();
try {currentlyInvokedFactoryMethod.set(factoryMethod);
Object result = factoryMethod.invoke(factoryBean, args);
if (result == null) {result = new NullBean();
}
return result;
}
finally {if (priorInvokedFactoryMethod != null) {currentlyInvokedFactoryMethod.set(priorInvokedFactoryMethod);
}
else {currentlyInvokedFactoryMethod.remove();
}
}
}
好了,这是传统的解决方案。
2. Spring5 解决方案
Spring5 中开始提供了 Supplier,能够通过接口回调获取到一个 Bean 的实例,这种形式显然性能更好一些。
如下:
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
GenericBeanDefinition definition = new GenericBeanDefinition();
definition.setBeanClass(Book.class);
definition.setInstanceSupplier((Supplier<Book>) () -> {Book book = new Book();
book.setName("深入浅出 Spring Security");
book.setAuthor("江南一点雨");
return book;
});
ctx.registerBeanDefinition("b1", definition);
ctx.refresh();
Book b = ctx.getBean("b1", Book.class);
System.out.println("b =" + b);
要害就是通过调用 BeanDefinition 的 setInstanceSupplier 办法去设置回调。当然,下面这段代码还能够通过 Lambda 进一步简化:
public class BookSupplier {public Book getBook() {Book book = new Book();
book.setName("深入浅出 Spring Security");
book.setAuthor("江南一点雨");
return book;
}
}
而后调用这个办法即可:
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
GenericBeanDefinition definition = new GenericBeanDefinition();
definition.setBeanClass(Book.class);
BookSupplier bookSupplier = new BookSupplier();
definition.setInstanceSupplier(bookSupplier::getBook);
ctx.registerBeanDefinition("b1", definition);
ctx.refresh();
Book b = ctx.getBean("b1", Book.class);
System.out.println("b =" + b);
这是不是更有一点 Lambda 的感觉了~
在 Spring 源码中,解决获取 Bean 实例的时候,有如下一个分支,就是解决 Supplier 这种状况的:
AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory#createBeanInstance
protected BeanWrapper createBeanInstance(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, @Nullable Object[] args) {
// Make sure bean class is actually resolved at this point.
Class<?> beanClass = resolveBeanClass(mbd, beanName);
if (beanClass != null && !Modifier.isPublic(beanClass.getModifiers()) && !mbd.isNonPublicAccessAllowed()) {throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
"Bean class isn't public, and non-public access not allowed: " + beanClass.getName());
}
Supplier<?> instanceSupplier = mbd.getInstanceSupplier();
if (instanceSupplier != null) {return obtainFromSupplier(instanceSupplier, beanName);
}
if (mbd.getFactoryMethodName() != null) {return instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(beanName, mbd, args);
}
//...
return instantiateBean(beanName, mbd);
}
@Nullable
private Object obtainInstanceFromSupplier(Supplier<?> supplier, String beanName) {String outerBean = this.currentlyCreatedBean.get();
this.currentlyCreatedBean.set(beanName);
try {if (supplier instanceof InstanceSupplier<?> instanceSupplier) {return instanceSupplier.get(RegisteredBean.of((ConfigurableListableBeanFactory) this, beanName));
}
if (supplier instanceof ThrowingSupplier<?> throwableSupplier) {return throwableSupplier.getWithException();
}
return supplier.get();}
}
下面 obtainFromSupplier 这个办法,最终会调用到第二个办法。第二个办法中的 supplier.get();
其实最终就调用到咱们本人写的 getBook 办法了。
好啦,这是从 Spring5 开始联合 Lamdba 的一种 Bean 注入形式,感兴趣的小伙伴能够试试哦~