JWT
JWT调试工具https://jwt.io/#debugger
全称:Json Web Token
什么是JWT,是为了在网络应用环境间传递申明而执行的一种基于JSON的凋谢规范(RFC 7519),该token被设计为紧凑且平安的
,特地实用于分布式站点
的单点登录(SSO)
常见
JWT个别作为用户信息在客户端和服务端之间传递,以便于从资源服务器获取资源,也能够减少一些额定的其余业务逻辑所必须的申明信息,该token也能够间接用于认证,也能够被加密
JWT+Shiro进行登录认证
外围类一:ShiroConfig
办法一:配置SecurityManager,这个类是Shiro的外围类,用于治理所有用户
@Bean
public DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager(AccountRealm accountRealm,
SessionManager sessionManager,
RedisCacheManager redisCacheManager) {
DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager = new DefaultWebSecurityManager(accountRealm);
securityManager.setSessionManager(sessionManager);
securityManager.setCacheManager(redisCacheManager);
/*
* 敞开shiro自带的session,详情见文档
*/
DefaultSubjectDAO subjectDAO = new DefaultSubjectDAO();
DefaultSessionStorageEvaluator defaultSessionStorageEvaluator
= new DefaultSessionStorageEvaluator();
defaultSessionStorageEvaluator.setSessionStorageEnabled(false);
subjectDAO.setSessionStorageEvaluator(defaultSessionStorageEvaluator);
securityManager.setSubjectDAO(subjectDAO);
return securityManager;
}
办法二:配置过滤器链
@Bean
public ShiroFilterChainDefinition shiroFilterChainDefinition() {
DefaultShiroFilterChainDefinition chainDefinition = new DefaultShiroFilterChainDefinition();
//将所有申请交给名为"jwt"的过滤器链进行解决
//在下一个办法咱们会看到“jwt"过滤器链由自定义的JwtFilter的实例jwtFilter实现
chainDefinition.addPathDefinition("/**", "jwt");// 次要通过注解形式校验权限,这里都用jwtfilter进行拦挡
return chainDefinition;
}
办法三:配置过滤器工厂,为过滤器工厂配置过滤器链以及过滤器
@Bean("shiroFilterFactoryBean")
public ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean(SecurityManager securityManager,
ShiroFilterChainDefinition shiroFilterChainDefinition) {
ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactory = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
shiroFilterFactory.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
Map<String, Filter> filters = new HashMap<>();
filters.put("jwt", jwtFilter);
//设置filter为自定义的jwtFilter
shiroFilterFactory.setFilters(filters);
Map<String, String> filterMap = shiroFilterChainDefinition.getFilterChainMap();
shiroFilterFactory.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(filterMap);
return shiroFilterFactory;
}
上面是这个办法的一些解释
意思是什么呢,shiro的过滤器链拦挡所有的申请(”/**“),交给名为”jwt“的拦截器去解决,而后ShiroFilterFactory依据这个”jwt“字符串去找到自定义的过滤器对象jwtFilter去解决
在登录接口之前会有一个全局的解决逻辑,来判断这个申请头中是否含有Jwt
如何用shiro实现这个全局解决逻辑,shiro采纳了一个过滤器链
@Bean("shiroFilterFactoryBean")
public ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean(SecurityManager securityManager,
ShiroFilterChainDefinition shiroFilterChainDefinition) {
ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilter = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
shiroFilter.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
Map<String, Filter> filters = new HashMap<>();
//这个就是自定义的过滤器,jwt
filters.put("jwt", jwtFilter);
//设置filter为自定义的jwtFilter
shiroFilter.setFilters(filters);
Map<String, String> filterMap = shiroFilterChainDefinition.getFilterChainMap();
shiroFilter.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(filterMap);
return shiroFilter;
}
办法四:配置Redis作为Shiro的Session会话管理器
@Bean
public SessionManager sessionManager(RedisSessionDAO redisSessionDAO) {
DefaultWebSessionManager sessionManager = new DefaultWebSessionManager();
// inject redisSessionDAO
sessionManager.setSessionDAO(redisSessionDAO);
return sessionManager;
}
外围类二:JwtFilter
外围类SecurityManager中配置的自定义过滤器就是JwtFilter的实例,所以咱们须要理解这个类须要定义一些什么办法,这些办法各自的作用是什么?
首先是类的申明
public class JwtFilter extends AuthenticatingFilter
咱们能够看到JwtFilter这个类继承自AuthenticatiionFilter(认证过滤器)
在自定义的过滤器类中,咱们须要重写以下办法
-
boolean preHandle(...)
-
AuthenticationToken createToken(...)
-
boolean isAccessAllowed(...)
-
boolean onAccessDenied(...)
-
boolean onLoginFailure()
第一个办法,对所有申请进行预处理
次要做几件事件
-
为响应头增加跨域相干的键值对(提供跨域反对):
- Access-Control-Allow-Origin
- Access-Control-Allow-Methods
- Access-Control-Allow-Headers
- 设置响应行的HTTP状态码为200 状态为OK
@Override
protected boolean preHandle(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws Exception {
HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = WebUtils.toHttp(request);
HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse = WebUtils.toHttp(response);
//获取申请头中的源,并且设置到响应头中,示意容许该起源的申请的拜访
httpServletResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", httpServletRequest.getHeader("Origin"));
//一次性回传所有容许拜访的形式
httpServletResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET,POST,OPTIONS,PUT,DELETE");
httpServletResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", httpServletRequest.getHeader("Access-Control-Request-Headers"));
// 跨域时会首先发送一个OPTIONS申请,这里咱们给OPTIONS申请间接返回失常状态
if (httpServletRequest.getMethod().equals(RequestMethod.OPTIONS.name())) {
httpServletResponse.setStatus(org.springframework.http.HttpStatus.OK.value());
return false;
}
return super.preHandle(request, response);
}
第二个办法:CreateToken
做的事件
- 获取申请头中的Authorization的信息,并转换为shiro可能辨认的AuthenticationToken的实例
- 如果Authorization的值为空字符串,返回null,执行isAccessAllow()办法
@Override
protected AuthenticationToken createToken(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws Exception {
/**
* 获取 token token存储在申请头的 key为Authorization对应的value中
* token是客户端第一次拜访服务器,服务器依据用户的相干信息生成的一个令牌,尔后用户再次拜访服务器不必从新登录,只须要携带token拜访即可
*/
//1.获取HttpServletRequest
HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
//2.依据浏览器增加在申请头中的Authorization的值,创立Shiro可能辨认的Token对象AuthenticationToken
String jwt = request.getHeader("Authorization");
//空的话示意登录的时候没有携带jwt,拜访异样,return null,会进入isAccessAllowed()的异样解决逻辑。
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(jwt)) {
return null;
}
//JwtToken是该办法返回值类型AuthenticationToken的自定义实现类
return new JwtToken(jwt);
}
办法二:
@Override
protected boolean isAccessAllowed(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, Object mappedValue) {
if (this.isLoginRequest(request, response)) {
return true;
}
boolean allowed = false;
try {
allowed = executeLogin(request, response);
} catch (IllegalStateException e) { //not found any token
log.error("Not found any token");
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("Error occurs when login", e);
}
return allowed || super.isPermissive(mappedValue);
}
尝试进行登录,登录失败抛出异样
办法三:如果原先用户没有登录
- 尝试获取token,并且判断token是否过期,过期抛出异样,否则执行登录
@Override
protected boolean onAccessDenied(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws Exception {
HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
String token = request.getHeader("Authorization");
//如果token不为空,返回true,true示意能够持续计型web的相干操作
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(token)) {
return true;
} else {
// 判断是否已过期 校验jwt
// 获取token的申明
Claims claim = jwtUtils.getClaimByToken(token);
//如果申明为空 或者token过期,抛出异样
// 从claim中获取token过期工夫,并采纳isTokenExpired与当初的工夫进行比对,
if (claim == null || jwtUtils.isTokenExpired(claim.getExpiration())) {
throw new ExpiredCredentialsException("token已生效,请从新登录!");
}
}
// 执行主动登录
return executeLogin(servletRequest, servletResponse);
}
办法四:登录失败,抛出异样
@Override
protected boolean onLoginFailure(AuthenticationToken token, AuthenticationException e, ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) {
HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse = (HttpServletResponse) response;
Throwable throwable = e.getCause() == null ? e : e.getCause();
R result = R.fail(throwable.getMessage());
String json = JSONUtil.toJsonStr(result);
try {
httpServletResponse.getWriter().print(json);
} catch (IOException ioException) {
}
return false;
}
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