关于redis:Redis事件驱动框架IO模型

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Redis 作为一个 Client-Server 架构的数据库,其源码中少不了用来实现网络通信的局部。

为了实现高并发的网络通信,咱们罕用的 Linux 操作系统,就提供了 select、poll 和 epoll 三种编程模型,而在 Linux 上运行的 Redis,通常就会采纳其中的 epoll 模型来进行网络通信。

(1) 为什么 Redis 不应用根本的 Socket 编程模型?

应用 Socket 模型实现网络通信时,须要通过 创立 Socket、监听端口、解决连贯 和 读写申请等多个步骤

须要留神的是,accept 函数是阻塞函数,也就是说,如果此时始终没有客户端连贯申请,那么,服务器端的执行流程会始终阻塞在 accept 函数。

尽管它可能实现服务器端和客户端之间的通信,然而程序每调用一次 accept 函数,只能解决一个客户端连贯。
这个显然不满足高并发的要求

IO 模型 https://weikeqin.com/2020/06/…

参考 IO 模型,要想满足高并发,个别都应用 IO 多路复用

(2) RedisServer 网络申请解决流程

(2.1) 绑定地址并监听套接字(bind listen)

// file:  src/server.c 

// 监听端口
/**
 * @param port
 * @param *fds
 * @param *count
 */
int listenToPort(int port, int *fds, int *count) {

    // ... 

    for (j = 0; j < server.bindaddr_count || j == 0; j++) {

        // ...  省略 绑定 IPV6 IPV4 的细节  anetTcp6Server  anetTcpServer

        // 绑定
        fds[*count] = anetTcpServer(server.neterr,port,NULL,
                    server.tcp_backlog);

        // ...  

    }
    return C_OK;
}

Redis 是反对开启多个端口的,所以在 listenToPort 中咱们看到是启用一个循环来调用 anetTcpServer。
在 anetTcpServer 中,逐渐会开展调用,直到执行到 bind 和 listen 零碎调用。

// file:  src/anet.c 

/**
 * @param *err
 * @param port
 * @param *bindaddr
 * @param backlog
 */
int anetTcpServer(char *err, int port, char *bindaddr, int backlog)
{return _anetTcpServer(err, port, bindaddr, AF_INET, backlog);
}


/**
 * @param *err
 * @param port
 * @param *bindaddr
 * @param af
 * @param backlog
 */
static int _anetTcpServer(char *err, int port, char *bindaddr, int af, int backlog)
{
    int s = -1, rv;
    char _port[6];  /* strlen("65535") */
    struct addrinfo hints, *servinfo, *p;

    // 创立套接字
    s = socket(p->ai_family,p->ai_socktype,p->ai_protocol)

    // 设置端口重用
    anetSetReuseAddr(err,s)

    // 监听
    anetListen(err,s,p->ai_addr,p->ai_addrlen,backlog)
/**
 * 监听
 * 
 * @param *err
 * @param s 对应创立的套接字 fd
 * @param *sa socket 地址信息 (协定 地址)
 * @param len
 * @param backlog 
 */
static int anetListen(char *err, int s, struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t len, int backlog) {
    // 绑定 ip 端口
    bind(s,sa,len)

    // 监听套接字
    listen(s, backlog)

    return ANET_OK;
}

(2.2) 和客户端建设连贯(accept)

// file: src/networking.c 

/**
 * 接管 tcp 处理器
 * 
 * @param *el
 * @param fd
 * @param *privdata
 * @param mask
 */
void acceptTcpHandler(aeEventLoop *el, int fd, void *privdata, int mask) {

        // ... 

        // 接管 tcp 申请
        cfd = anetTcpAccept(server.neterr, fd, cip, sizeof(cip), &cport);

        // ... 

        // 接管通用解决
        acceptCommonHandler(connCreateAcceptedSocket(cfd),0,cip);
}

(2.2.1) 接管 tcp 申请 -anetTcpAccept

// file: src/anet.c 

/**
 * 接管 tcp 申请 
 * 
 * @param *err
 * @param s fd
 * @param *ip
 * @param ip_len
 * @param *port 
 */
int anetTcpAccept(char *err, int s, char *ip, size_t ip_len, int *port) {
    int fd;
    struct sockaddr_storage sa; // 套接字地址存储构造体 
    socklen_t salen = sizeof(sa);

    // 接管申请
    fd = anetGenericAccept(err,s,(struct sockaddr*)&sa,&salen)
        
    // ... 
    return fd;
}
// file: src/anet.c 

/**
 * @param *err
 * @param s
 * @param *sa
 * @param *len
 */ 
static int anetGenericAccept(char *err, int s, struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t *len) {
    int fd;
    while(1) {
        // 接管 socket 数据
        // fd 是 socket 返回的 socket,指向的定义的 SOCKADDR_IN 构造体指针,指针的大小
        fd = accept(s,sa,len);
        // ...
        break;
    }
    return fd;
}

(2.2.2) 接管公共处理器 -acceptCommonHandler

    /**
     * 
     */
    acceptCommonHandler(connCreateAcceptedSocket(cfd),0,cip);
// file: src/networking.c

/**
 * @param *conn
 * @param flags
 * @param *ip 
 */
static void acceptCommonHandler(connection *conn, int flags, char *ip) {
    client *c;
    // 创立 redisClient 对象
    c = createClient(conn)

    // 建设连贯 
    connAccept(conn, clientAcceptHandler)
}    
(2.2.2.1) connCreateAcceptedSocket()

conn 是怎么创立的

// file: src/connection.c

/**
 * @param fd
 */ 
connection *connCreateAcceptedSocket(int fd) {
    // 创立连贯
    connection *conn = connCreateSocket();
    // 
    conn->fd = fd;
    // 设置连贯状态为接管中
    conn->state = CONN_STATE_ACCEPTING;
    return conn;
}
// file: src/connection.h

/**
 * 连接结构体
 */ 
struct connection {
    ConnectionType *type;  // 连贯类型 在前面会用到
    ConnectionState state; // 连贯状态
    short int flags;       
    short int refs; 
    int last_errno;
    void *private_data;    // 公有数据
    ConnectionCallbackFunc conn_handler;  // 连贯处理器
    ConnectionCallbackFunc write_handler; // 写处理器
    ConnectionCallbackFunc read_handler;  // 读处理器
    int fd;  // 
};
(2.2.2.2) 创立 redisClient 对象 -createClient()
// file: src/networking.c

/**
 * @param *conn
 */
client *createClient(connection *conn) {
    // 为用户连贯创立 client 构造体
    client *c = zmalloc(sizeof(client));

    if (conn) {
        // ... 解决连贯

        // 注册读事件处理器,等连贯可读时调用   回调函数是 readQueryFromClient 
        connSetReadHandler(conn, readQueryFromClient);
        // 会把新创建的 client 构造体放到 conn 构造体的 private_data 字段里
        connSetPrivateData(conn, c);
        
    }

    // 设置 client 的一些参数
    selectDb(c,0);
    uint64_t client_id = ++server.next_client_id;
    c->id = client_id;
    c->resp = 2;
    c->conn = conn;
    // ...

    return c;
}

client 构造体次要属性

// file: src/server.h

typedef struct client {
    uint64_t id;            /* 客户端增量惟一 ID */
    connection *conn;       /** 连贯 */
    int resp;               /* 响应协定版本 可能是 2 或 3 */
    redisDb *db;            /* 指向以后选中的 Db */
    robj *name;             /* 由客户端设置的名称 */
    sds querybuf;           /* 用来累积客户端查问的缓冲区 */
    size_t qb_pos;          /* querybuf 中读取到的地位 */

    // ... 省略局部字段 
    
    /* Response buffer */
    int bufpos;    // 
    char buf[PROTO_REPLY_CHUNK_BYTES];    // 
} client;
// file: src/connection.h 

/* 
 * 注册读事件处理器,等连贯可读时调用 
 * 
 * @param *conn
 * @param func ConnectionCallbackFunc 类型的回调函数
 */
static inline int connSetReadHandler(connection *conn, ConnectionCallbackFunc func) {return conn->type->set_read_handler(conn, func);
}
(2.2.2.3) 接管申请 -connAccept()
/* The connection module does not deal with listening and accepting sockets,
 * so we assume we have a socket when an incoming connection is created.
 *
 * The fd supplied should therefore be associated with an already accept()ed
 * socket.
 *
 * connAccept() may directly call accept_handler(), or return and call it
 * at a later time. This behavior is a bit awkward but aims to reduce the need
 * to wait for the next event loop, if no additional handshake is required.
 *
 * IMPORTANT: accept_handler may decide to close the connection, calling connClose().
 * To make this safe, the connection is only marked with CONN_FLAG_CLOSE_SCHEDULED
 * in this case, and connAccept() returns with an error.
 *
 * connAccept() callers must always check the return value and on error (C_ERR)
 * a connClose() must be called.
 *
 * @param *conn 连贯
 * @param accept_handler 接管处理器 是一个回调函数 ConnectionCallbackFunc
 */
static inline int connAccept(connection *conn, ConnectionCallbackFunc accept_handler) {return conn->type->accept(conn, accept_handler);
}

conn->type 对应 ConnectionType 构造体

// file: src/connection.h 

typedef struct ConnectionType {void (*ae_handler)(struct aeEventLoop *el, int fd, void *clientData, int mask);
    int (*connect)(struct connection *conn, const char *addr, int port, const char *source_addr, ConnectionCallbackFunc connect_handler);
    int (*write)(struct connection *conn, const void *data, size_t data_len);
    int (*read)(struct connection *conn, void *buf, size_t buf_len);
    void (*close)(struct connection *conn);
    int (*accept)(struct connection *conn, ConnectionCallbackFunc accept_handler);
    int (*set_write_handler)(struct connection *conn, ConnectionCallbackFunc handler, int barrier);
    int (*set_read_handler)(struct connection *conn, ConnectionCallbackFunc handler);
    const char *(*get_last_error)(struct connection *conn);
    int (*blocking_connect)(struct connection *conn, const char *addr, int port, long long timeout);
    ssize_t (*sync_write)(struct connection *conn, char *ptr, ssize_t size, long long timeout);
    ssize_t (*sync_read)(struct connection *conn, char *ptr, ssize_t size, long long timeout);
    ssize_t (*sync_readline)(struct connection *conn, char *ptr, ssize_t size, long long timeout);
    int (*get_type)(struct connection *conn);
} ConnectionType;
file: src/networking.c 

/**
 * @param *conn
 */ 
void clientAcceptHandler(connection *conn) {
    //
    client *c = connGetPrivateData(conn);
    //
    moduleFireServerEvent(REDISMODULE_EVENT_CLIENT_CHANGE,
                          REDISMODULE_SUBEVENT_CLIENT_CHANGE_CONNECTED,
                          c);
}

(2.3) 从连贯的 socket 读取客户端发送的数据(recv/read)

上一步监听后,等到 client 向 redisServer 发送的数据达到,会触发设置的回调办法 readQueryFromClient,redisServer 会调用readQueryFromClient() 办法

// file: src/networking.c

/**
 * @param *conn
 */ 
void readQueryFromClient(connection *conn) {
    // 从连贯的公有数据获取 client  // 在创立连贯时把 client 放到了 connection 的 private_data 字段
    client *c = connGetPrivateData(conn);

    // 

    // 客户端输出缓冲区中有更多的数据,请持续解析它,以防查看是否有要执行的残缺命令。processInputBuffer(c);    
}

(2.4) 解决读到的数据

从输出缓冲区读到数据后,上面就开始解决数据

// file: src/networking.c

/* This function is called every time, in the client structure 'c', there is
 * more query buffer to process, because we read more data from the socket
 * or because a client was blocked and later reactivated, so there could be
 * pending query buffer, already representing a full command, to process. */
void processInputBuffer(client *c) {

    // ...

    processCommandAndResetClient(c);
}    


/* This function calls processCommand(), but also performs a few sub tasks
 * for the client that are useful in that context:
 *
 * 1. It sets the current client to the client 'c'.
 * 2. calls commandProcessed() if the command was handled.
 *
 * The function returns C_ERR in case the client was freed as a side effect
 * of processing the command, otherwise C_OK is returned. */
int processCommandAndResetClient(client *c) {
    int deadclient = 0;
    server.current_client = c;

    // 解决命令
    if (processCommand(c) == C_OK) {commandProcessed(c);
    }
    
    return deadclient ? C_ERR : C_OK;
}
// file: src/server.c

/**
 * 解决各种命令 get set del exits quit lpush sadd  等
 *
 * @param *c  
 */
int processCommand(client *c) {

    // 查找命令,并进行命令合法性检查,以及命令参数个数查看
    /* Now lookup the command and check ASAP about trivial error conditions
     * such as wrong arity, bad command name and so forth. */
    c->cmd = c->lastcmd = lookupCommand(c->argv[0]->ptr);


    // ... 省略其余命令解决逻辑 


    // 解决命令
    /* Exec the command */
    if (c->flags & CLIENT_MULTI &&
        c->cmd->proc != execCommand && c->cmd->proc != discardCommand &&
        c->cmd->proc != multiCommand && c->cmd->proc != watchCommand)
    { // 如果是 MULTI 事务,则入队
        queueMultiCommand(c);
        addReply(c,shared.queued);
    } else { // 调用 call 间接解决
        call(c,CMD_CALL_FULL);
        c->woff = server.master_repl_offset;
        if (listLength(server.ready_keys))
            handleClientsBlockedOnKeys();}
    return C_OK;
}
// file: src/server.c

/**
 * 依据 key 查找值
 * 
 * @param name 
 */
struct redisCommand *lookupCommand(sds name) {
    // 
    return dictFetchValue(server.commands, name);
}

/**
 * call() 是 Redis 执行命令的外围。*
 * @param *c
 * @param flags 
 */
void call(client *c, int flags) {

    // 要执行的 redis 命令
    struct redisCommand *real_cmd = c->cmd;

    // 调用命令处理函数   
    c->cmd->proc(c);
}

proc 对应的 command 有以下几种

/**
 *
 */
struct redisCommand redisCommandTable[] = {
    {"module",moduleCommand,-2,
     "admin no-script",
     0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0,0},

    {"get",getCommand,2,
     "read-only fast @string",
     0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0,0},

    /* Note that we can't flag set as fast, since it may perform an
     * implicit DEL of a large key. */
    {"set",setCommand,-3,
     "write use-memory @string",
     0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0,0},

    {"setnx",setnxCommand,3,
     "write use-memory fast @string",
     0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0,0},

    {"setex",setexCommand,4,
     "write use-memory @string",
     0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0,0},
   
    // .. 

    {"rpush",rpushCommand,-3,
     "write use-memory fast @list",
     0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0,0},

    {"lpush",lpushCommand,-3,
     "write use-memory fast @list",
     0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0,0},
    
    // ... 

    {"sadd",saddCommand,-3,
     "write use-memory fast @set",
     0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0,0},

  
     // ... 

    {"zadd",zaddCommand,-4,
     "write use-memory fast @sortedset",
     0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0,0},
      
    // ... 

    {"stralgo",stralgoCommand,-2,
     "read-only @string",
     0,lcsGetKeys,0,0,0,0,0,0}
};

如果命令是 get,其对应的命令处理函数就是 getCommand

(2.4.1) getCommand

// file: t_string.c 

/**
 * @param *c
 */
void getCommand(client *c) {getGenericCommand(c);
}

int getGenericCommand(client *c) {
    robj *o;

    // 查找 key
    if ((o = lookupKeyReadOrReply(c,c->argv[1],shared.null[c->resp])) == NULL)
        return C_OK;

    // 找到 key 对应的值了
    if (o->type != OBJ_STRING) { // key 的对象类型不是 string 类型 返回谬误
        addReply(c,shared.wrongtypeerr);
        return C_ERR;
    } else { // key 的对象类型是 string 类型
        // 将后果增加到输入缓冲区中
        addReplyBulk(c,o);
        return C_OK;
    }
}
// file: src/networking.c 

/* Add a Redis Object as a bulk reply */
void addReplyBulk(client *c, robj *obj) {addReplyBulkLen(c,obj);
    addReply(c,obj);
    addReply(c,shared.crlf);
}

(2.4.2) setCommand

// file: src.t_string.c

/**
 * 
 * @param *c
 * @param flags
 * @param *key
 * @param *val
 * @param *expire
 * @param unit
 * @param *ok_reply
 * @param *abort_reply
 */
void setGenericCommand(client *c, int flags, robj *key, robj *val, robj *expire, int unit, robj *ok_reply, robj *abort_reply) {
    // 64 位精度整数 
    long long milliseconds = 0; /* initialized to avoid any harmness warning */

    if (expire) {if (getLongLongFromObjectOrReply(c, expire, &milliseconds, NULL) != C_OK)
            return;
        if (milliseconds <= 0) {addReplyErrorFormat(c,"invalid expire time in %s",c->cmd->name);
            return;
        }
        if (unit == UNIT_SECONDS) milliseconds *= 1000;
    }

    if ((flags & OBJ_SET_NX && lookupKeyWrite(c->db,key) != NULL) ||
        (flags & OBJ_SET_XX && lookupKeyWrite(c->db,key) == NULL))
    {addReply(c, abort_reply ? abort_reply : shared.null[c->resp]);
        return;
    }
    genericSetKey(c,c->db,key,val,flags & OBJ_SET_KEEPTTL,1);
    server.dirty++;
    if (expire) setExpire(c,c->db,key,mstime()+milliseconds);
    notifyKeyspaceEvent(NOTIFY_STRING,"set",key,c->db->id);
    if (expire) notifyKeyspaceEvent(NOTIFY_GENERIC,
        "expire",key,c->db->id);
    addReply(c, ok_reply ? ok_reply : shared.ok);
}

(2.5) 给客户端返回后果(send)

无论是执行 get 命令还是 set 命令,最初执行完命令都会调用 addReply() 办法
addReply 办法中做了两件事件:
1、prepareClientToWrite 判断是否须要返回数据,并且将以后 client 增加到期待写返回数据队列中。
2、调用 _addReplyToBuffer_addReplyObjectToList 办法将返回值写入到输入缓冲区中,期待写入 socekt

// file: src/networking.c 


/* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * 更高级别的函数用于在客户端输入缓冲区上对数据进行排队。* 以下函数是命令实现将调用的函数。* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

/* 
 * 将对象“obj”字符串示意增加到客户端输入缓冲区。* 
 * @param *c  redis client  
 * @param *obj  命令执行的后果   类型是 redisObject
 */
void addReply(client *c, robj *obj) {// 判断 client 是否能够接管新数据 (假客户端不能接管)
    if (prepareClientToWrite(c) != C_OK) return;

    // 依据 redisobject 格局把数据写入缓存
    if (sdsEncodedObject(obj)) { // obj 如果是 row 或者 embstr 格局

        // 尝试将应答增加到客户端构造中的动态缓冲区。if (_addReplyToBuffer(c,obj->ptr,sdslen(obj->ptr)) != C_OK)
            // 将回复增加到回复列表中。_addReplyProtoToList(c,obj->ptr,sdslen(obj->ptr));  

    } else if (obj->encoding == OBJ_ENCODING_INT) { // obj 是数字格局

        /* 对于整数编码字符串,咱们只需应用优化函数将其转换为字符串,并将后果字符串附加到输入缓冲区。*/
        char buf[32];
        // 数字转为字符串
        size_t len = ll2string(buf,sizeof(buf),(long)obj->ptr);
        if (_addReplyToBuffer(c,buf,len) != C_OK)
            _addReplyProtoToList(c,buf,len);

    } else {serverPanic("Wrong obj->encoding in addReply()");
    }
}
// file: src/networking.c 

/* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * 低级函数用于向输入缓冲区增加更多数据。* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

/** 
 * 尝试将应答增加到客户端构造中的动态缓冲区。* 如果缓冲区已满或回复列表不为空,则返回 C_ERR,在这种状况下,必须将回复增加到回复列表中。* 
 * @param *c 
 * @param *s 要写入的数据
 * @param len 数据长度
 */
int _addReplyToBuffer(client *c, const char *s, size_t len) {
    // 残余缓冲区大小
    size_t available = sizeof(c->buf)-c->bufpos;

    if (c->flags & CLIENT_CLOSE_AFTER_REPLY) return C_OK;

    /* 如果回复列表中曾经有内容,则无奈向动态缓冲区增加更多内容。*/
    if (listLength(c->reply) > 0) return C_ERR;

    /* 查看缓冲区是否有足够的空间用于此字符串。*/
    if (len > available) return C_ERR;

    // 把数据 *s(char[]类型) 拷贝到 client 对象的 Response buffer 中
    memcpy(c->buf+c->bufpos,s,len);
    // 更新已应用缓冲区大小
    c->bufpos+=len;
    return C_OK;
}
/**
 * 将回复增加到回复列表中。* 留神:对该函数的一些编辑须要转发到 AddReplyFromClient。* 
 * @param *c 
 * @param *s 要写入的数据
 * @param len 数据长度
 */ 
void _addReplyProtoToList(client *c, const char *s, size_t len) {

    // 写入回复后敞开
    if (c->flags & CLIENT_CLOSE_AFTER_REPLY) return;

    // 双向链表尾部
    listNode *ln = listLast(c->reply);
    // 链表里存的数据是 clientReplyBlock 类型 是一个 buf 数组,有大小限度
    clientReplyBlock *tail = ln? listNodeValue(ln): NULL;

    /* Note that 'tail' may be NULL even if we have a tail node, because when
     * addReplyDeferredLen() is used, it sets a dummy node to NULL just
     * fo fill it later, when the size of the bulk length is set. */

    /* 尽可能追加到尾部字符串。*/
    if (tail) {
        /* 复制咱们能够放入尾部的局部,并将其余部分留给新节点 */
        size_t avail = tail->size - tail->used;
        // * s 要复制的局部 (可能是全副,可能是局部)
        size_t copy = avail >= len? len: avail;
        // 复制到 buf 数组里
        memcpy(tail->buf + tail->used, s, copy);
        tail->used += copy;
        s += copy;
        len -= copy;
    }
    
    // len>0
    if (len) {
        /* 创立一个新节点,确保至多为其调配了 16K */
        size_t size = len < PROTO_REPLY_CHUNK_BYTES? PROTO_REPLY_CHUNK_BYTES: len;
        tail = zmalloc(size + sizeof(clientReplyBlock));
        /* take over the allocation's internal fragmentation */
        tail->size = zmalloc_usable(tail) - sizeof(clientReplyBlock);
        tail->used = len;
        memcpy(tail->buf, s, len);
        listAddNodeTail(c->reply, tail);
        c->reply_bytes += tail->size;
    }

    // 缓冲区达到限度后异步敞开客户端
    asyncCloseClientOnOutputBufferLimitReached(c);
}

(2.5.1) 回复列表中的数据什么时候写入到输入缓冲区呢?

// file: src/ae.c 

void aeMain(aeEventLoop *eventLoop) {
    eventLoop->stop = 0;
    // 循环
    while (!eventLoop->stop) {
        // 处理事件
        aeProcessEvents(eventLoop, AE_ALL_EVENTS|
                                   AE_CALL_BEFORE_SLEEP|
                                   AE_CALL_AFTER_SLEEP);
    }
}

/**
 * 处理事件
 */ 
int aeProcessEvents(aeEventLoop *eventLoop, int flags)
{
        // 
        if (eventLoop->beforesleep != NULL && flags & AE_CALL_BEFORE_SLEEP)
            eventLoop->beforesleep(eventLoop);
}
// file: src/server.c

/* This function gets called every time Redis is entering the
 * main loop of the event driven library, that is, before to sleep
 * for ready file descriptors.
 *
 * Note: This function is (currently) called from two functions:
 * 1. aeMain - The main server loop
 * 2. processEventsWhileBlocked - Process clients during RDB/AOF load
 *
 * If it was called from processEventsWhileBlocked we don't want
 * to perform all actions (For example, we don't want to expire
 * keys), but we do need to perform some actions.
 *
 * The most important is freeClientsInAsyncFreeQueue but we also
 * call some other low-risk functions. */
void beforeSleep(struct aeEventLoop *eventLoop) {

    /* 解决具备挂起的输入缓冲区的写入。*/
    handleClientsWithPendingWritesUsingThreads();}
// file: src/networking.c

int handleClientsWithPendingWritesUsingThreads(void) {int processed = listLength(server.clients_pending_write);
    if (processed == 0) return 0; /* Return ASAP if there are no clients. */

    /* If I/O threads are disabled or we have few clients to serve, don't
     * use I/O threads, but thejboring synchronous code. */
    if (server.io_threads_num == 1 || stopThreadedIOIfNeeded()) {return handleClientsWithPendingWrites();
    }

    /* Start threads if needed. */
    if (!server.io_threads_active) startThreadedIO();

    if (tio_debug) printf("%d TOTAL WRITE pending clients\n", processed);

    /* Distribute the clients across N different lists. */
    listIter li;
    listNode *ln;
    /* 把 server.clients_pending_write 链表 赋值 给迭代器 &li */
    listRewind(server.clients_pending_write,&li);
    int item_id = 0;
    // 遍历链表 server.clients_pending_write
    while((ln = listNext(&li))) {client *c = listNodeValue(ln);
        c->flags &= ~CLIENT_PENDING_WRITE;

        // & 状态 = 尽快敞开
        if (c->flags & CLIENT_CLOSE_ASAP) {
            // 删除双向链表里的以后节点
            listDelNode(server.clients_pending_write, ln);
            continue;
        }

        int target_id = item_id % server.io_threads_num;
        // 把 c 增加到 io_threads_list[target_id]链表尾部  前面会用到
        listAddNodeTail(io_threads_list[target_id],c);
        item_id++;
    }


    /* 把 io_threads_list[0]链表 赋值 给迭代器 &li */
    listRewind(io_threads_list[0],&li);
    // 遍历链表 io_threads_list[0]
    while((ln = listNext(&li))) {client *c = listNodeValue(ln);
        // 将 client 的数据发送进来
        writeToClient(c,0);
    }
    listEmpty(io_threads_list[0]);


    /* 把 server.clients_pending_write 链表 赋值 给迭代器 &li */
    listRewind(server.clients_pending_write,&li);
    // 遍历链表 server.clients_pending_write
    while((ln = listNext(&li))) {
        // 获取节点
        client *c = listNodeValue(ln);

        /* 如果某些客户端中存在挂起的写入,装置写入处理程序。*/
        // 如果一次发送不完则筹备下一次发送
        if (clientHasPendingReplies(c) &&
                connSetWriteHandler(c->conn, sendReplyToClient) == AE_ERR)
        {freeClientAsync(c);
        }
    }
    listEmpty(server.clients_pending_write);

    return processed;
}

(2.5.2) 写事件处理器 -sendReplyToClient

// file: src/networking.c 

/**
 * 写事件处理器 
 * 仅仅发送数据到 client
 * 
 * Write event handler. Just send data to the client.
 */
void sendReplyToClient(connection *conn) {client *c = connGetPrivateData(conn);

    // 
    writeToClient(c,1);
}

(2.5.3) 把数据写入客户端的输入缓冲区

// file: src/networking.c

/**
 * 把数据写入客户端的输入缓冲区 
 * 
 *  Write data in output buffers to client. Return C_OK if the client
 * is still valid after the call, C_ERR if it was freed because of some
 * error.  If handler_installed is set, it will attempt to clear the
 * write event.
 *
 * This function is called by threads, but always with handler_installed
 * set to 0. So when handler_installed is set to 0 the function must be
 * thread safe. */
int writeToClient(client *c, int handler_installed) {
    /* Update total number of writes on server */
    server.stat_total_writes_processed++;

    ssize_t nwritten = 0, totwritten = 0;
    size_t objlen;
    clientReplyBlock *o;

    while(clientHasPendingReplies(c)) {if (c->bufpos > 0) { // 缓冲区有数据
            // 把缓冲区数据写入 socket
            nwritten = connWrite(c->conn,c->buf+c->sentlen,c->bufpos-c->sentlen);
            
        } else { // 解决待发送链表
            o = listNodeValue(listFirst(c->reply));
            objlen = o->used;

            if (objlen == 0) {
                c->reply_bytes -= o->size;
                listDelNode(c->reply,listFirst(c->reply));
                continue;
            }

            // 把链表节点里的数据写入 socket
            nwritten = connWrite(c->conn, o->buf + c->sentlen, objlen - c->sentlen);
            
        }
    }
    return C_OK;
}
// file: src/connection.h 

/**
 *  把数据写入到连贯里
 */
static inline int connWrite(connection *conn, const void *data, size_t data_len) {return conn->type->write(conn, data, data_len);
}

(3) RedisServer 里 IO 多路复用代码详解

initServer 这个函数内,Redis 做了这么三件重要的事件。
1、创立一个 epoll 对象
2、对配置的端口进行监听(listen)
3、把 listen socket 让 epoll 给治理起来

//file: src/server.c

void initServer(void) {

    // 2.1 创立 epoll
    server.el = aeCreateEventLoop(server.maxclients+CONFIG_FDSET_INCR);
    
    // 2.2 绑定监听服务端口   
    // Open the TCP listening socket for the user commands.
    listenToPort(server.port,server.ipfd,&server.ipfd_count)

    // 2.3 注册 accept 事件处理器  
    // Create an event handler for accepting new connections in TCP and Unix domain sockets.
    for (j = 0; j < server.ipfd_count; j++) {aeCreateFileEvent(server.el, server.ipfd[j], AE_READABLE,
            acceptTcpHandler,NULL)
    }

}

(3.1) 创立 epoll-aeCreateEventLoop

redisServer 构造

// file: src/server.h 

// redisServer 构造体
struct redisServer {

    // ... 省略局部代码

    aeEventLoop *el;

    // ... 省略局部代码
}

aeEventLoop 构造

// file: src/ae.h

// 基于事件的程序的状态 
/* State of an event based program */
typedef struct aeEventLoop {
    int maxfd;   // 以后注册的最大文件描述符
    int setsize; // 跟踪的最大文件描述符数
    long long timeEventNextId;
    time_t lastTime;     /* Used to detect system clock skew */
    aeFileEvent *events; // 注册事件数组的指针 指向 aeFileEvent 数组   
    aeFiredEvent *fired; // 就绪事件数组的指针  指向 aeFiredEvent 数组
    aeTimeEvent *timeEventHead;  // 工夫事件
    int stop;
    void *apidata; // 指向 aeApiState 构造体  创立的 epoll 对象就在 aeApiState->epfd
    aeBeforeSleepProc *beforesleep; // 在事件处理前执行的函数 
    aeBeforeSleepProc *aftersleep; // 在事件处理后执行的函数
    int flags;
} aeEventLoop;
// file: src/ae.h 

// 文件事件构造
/* File event structure */
typedef struct aeFileEvent {
    int mask;    // 标记 可读 / 可写 / 屏障
    aeFileProc *rfileProc;  // 写事件回调
    aeFileProc *wfileProc;  // 读事件回调
    void *clientData;       // 扩大数据
} aeFileEvent;

Redis 在操作系统提供的 epoll 对象根底上又封装了一个 eventLoop 进去,所以创立的时候是先申请和创立 eventLoop。

// file: src/ae.c 

/**
 * 创立 aeEventLoop 构造体
 *
 * @param setsize
 */
aeEventLoop *aeCreateEventLoop(int setsize) {

    aeEventLoop *eventLoop;
    // ... 省略局部代码 

    eventLoop = zmalloc(sizeof(*eventLoop))
    // 未来的各种回调事件就都会存在这里
    // eventLoop->events 是一个指针 指向数组 元素类型:aeFileEvent  大小:setsize
    eventLoop->events = zmalloc(sizeof(aeFileEvent)*setsize);
    eventLoop->fired = zmalloc(sizeof(aeFiredEvent)*setsize);

    // ... 省略局部代码

    // 创立 epoll
    aeApiCreate(eventLoop)
}
// file:  src/ae_epoll.c 

static int aeApiCreate(aeEventLoop *eventLoop) {aeApiState *state = zmalloc(sizeof(aeApiState));

    // ... 省略局部代码
 
    // 真正创立 epoll
    // 调 linux epoll_create()函数 创立 epoll
    state->epfd = epoll_create(2024); /* 1024 is just a hint for the kernel */
    
    // ... 省略局部代码

    eventLoop->apidata = state;
    return 0;
}

(3.2) 注册事件及回调函数 -aeCreateFileEvent

// file:  src/ae.c

/**
 * @param *eventLoop
 * @param fd 
 * @param mask 0: 未注册事件  1: 描述符可读时触发  2: 描述符可写时触发  3:
 * @param *proc aeFileProc 类型  入参传的是 acceptTcpHandler 函数 回调时会用到这个函数 
 * @param *clientData
 */ 
int aeCreateFileEvent(aeEventLoop *eventLoop, int fd, int mask,
        aeFileProc *proc, void *clientData)
{if (fd >= eventLoop->setsize) {
        errno = ERANGE;
        return AE_ERR;
    }

    // 从 aeFileEvent 事件数组里取出一个文件事件构造
    aeFileEvent *fe = &eventLoop->events[fd];

    // 监听指定 fd 的指定事件
    if (aeApiAddEvent(eventLoop, fd, mask) == -1)
        return AE_ERR;

    // 设置文件事件类型 以及事件的处理器
    fe->mask |= mask;
    if (mask & AE_READABLE) fe->rfileProc = proc;  // 设置读事件回调
    if (mask & AE_WRITABLE) fe->wfileProc = proc;  // 设置写事件回调

    // 公有数据
    fe->clientData = clientData;

    if (fd > eventLoop->maxfd)
        eventLoop->maxfd = fd;

    return AE_OK;
}
//file: src/ae_epoll.c

// 增加事件
static int aeApiAddEvent(aeEventLoop *eventLoop, int fd, int mask) {
    aeApiState *state = eventLoop->apidata;
    struct epoll_event ee = {0}; /* avoid valgrind warning */
    /* If the fd was already monitored for some event, we need a MOD
     * operation. Otherwise we need an ADD operation. */
    int op = eventLoop->events[fd].mask == AE_NONE ?
            EPOLL_CTL_ADD : EPOLL_CTL_MOD;

    // ... 

    // epoll_ctl 增加事件 
    epoll_ctl(state->epfd,op,fd,&ee);
    return 0;
}

这个函数其实就是对 epoll_ctl 的一个封装。次要就是理论执行 epoll_ctl EPOLL_CTL_ADD。

每一个 eventLoop->events 元素都指向一个 aeFileEvent 对象。
在这个对象上,设置了三个要害货色
rfileProc:读事件回调
wfileProc:写事件回调
clientData:一些额定的扩大数据

未来 当 epoll_wait 发现某个 fd 上有事件产生的时候,这样 redis 首先依据 fd 到 eventLoop->events 中查找 aeFileEvent 对象,而后再看 rfileProc、wfileProc 就能够找到读、写回调处理函数。

listen fd 对应的读回调函数 rfileProc 事实上就被设置成了 acceptTcpHandler,公有数据 client_data 也为 null。

(3.3) 获取就绪 socket 并处理事件 -aeMain()

// file: src/ae.c

/**
 * 循环接管申请
 * 
 * @param *eventLoop
 */ 
void aeMain(aeEventLoop *eventLoop) {
    eventLoop->stop = 0;
    // 循环
    while (!eventLoop->stop) {
        // 处理事件 
        aeProcessEvents(eventLoop, AE_ALL_EVENTS|
                                   AE_CALL_BEFORE_SLEEP|
                                   AE_CALL_AFTER_SLEEP);
    }
}
// 处理事件   返回解决完的事件个数

0 不做任何解决
1 AE_FILE_EVENTS  解决文件事件
2 AE_TIME_EVENTS  解决工夫事件 
3 AE_ALL_EVENTS   所有事件 
4 AE_DONT_WAIT 
8 AE_CALL_BEFORE_SLEEP 
16 AE_CALL_AFTER_SLEEP 

int aeProcessEvents(aeEventLoop *eventLoop, int flags)
{
    int processed = 0, numevents;

        struct timeval tv, *tvp;

        // 如果 eventLoop 解决前的函数不为空,就执行
        if (eventLoop->beforesleep != NULL && flags & AE_CALL_BEFORE_SLEEP)
            eventLoop->beforesleep(eventLoop);

        // 调用多路复用 API,仅在超时或某些事件触发时返回   
        // 解决文件事件,阻塞工夫由 tvp 决定 
        numevents = aeApiPoll(eventLoop, tvp);

        // 解决后的函数不为空
        /* After sleep callback. */
        if (eventLoop->aftersleep != NULL && flags & AE_CALL_AFTER_SLEEP)
            eventLoop->aftersleep(eventLoop);

        for (j = 0; j < numevents; j++) {// 先从 eventLoop->fired[j]获取已就绪事件构造体(aeFiredEvent) 获取 fd 后 再从 eventLoop->events 注册事件里获取对应的事件构造体(aeFileEvent) 
            aeFileEvent *fe = &eventLoop->events[eventLoop->fired[j].fd];
            
            // ...

            // 如果可读
            if (!invert && fe->mask & mask & AE_READABLE) {
                // 调用读事件回调函数 对应 acceptTcpHandler 
                fe->rfileProc(eventLoop,fd,fe->clientData,mask);
                fired++;
                fe = &eventLoop->events[fd]; /* Refresh in case of resize. */
            }

            // 如果可写 触发写事件
            if (fe->mask & mask & AE_WRITABLE) {if (!fired || fe->wfileProc != fe->rfileProc) {
                    // 调用写事件回调函数 对应 acceptTcpHandler 
                    fe->wfileProc(eventLoop,fd,fe->clientData,mask);
                    fired++;
                }
            }

            processed++;
        }
    
    return processed; /* return the number of processed file/time events */
}
// file: src/ae_poll.c 

/**
 * 获取就绪事件
 * 
 * @param *eventLoop
 * @param *tvp
 */ 
static int aeApiPoll(aeEventLoop *eventLoop, struct timeval *tvp) {
    // 期待事件
    aeApiState *state = eventLoop->apidata;
    int retval, numevents = 0;

    // 调 linux epoll_wait 函数来获取已就绪 socket
    retval = epoll_wait(state->epfd,state->events,eventLoop->setsize,
            tvp ? (tvp->tv_sec*1000 + tvp->tv_usec/1000) : -1);

    // ...

    return numevents;
}

aeProcessEvents 就是调用 epoll_wait 来获取就绪 socket。
当发现有某个 socket 上数据就绪当前,则调用当时注册的事件处理器函数 rfileProc 和 wfileProc。

参考资料

Redis 高性能 IO 模型 https://weikeqin.com/2022/01/…

Redis 源码分析与实战 学习笔记 Day9 09 | Redis 事件驱动框架(上):何时应用 select、poll、epoll?https://time.geekbang.org/col…

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