关于python:外星人入侵-教程详解

import sys
from time import sleep
import pygame
from settings import Settings
from game_stats import GameStats
from scoreboard import Scoreboard
from button import Button
from ship import Ship
from bullet import Bullet
from alien import Alien
class AlienInvasion:

"""治理游戏资源和行为的类。"""
def __init__(self):
    """初始化游戏并创立游戏资源。"""
    pygame.init()
    self.settings = Settings()
    self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((0,0),pygame.FULLSCREEN)
    self.settings.screen_width = self.screen.get_rect().width
    self.settings.screen_height = self.screen.get_rect().height
    pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")
    # 创立存储游戏统计信息的实例
    # 并创立记分牌
    self.stats = GameStats(self)
    self.sb = Scoreboard(self)
    self.ship = Ship(self)
    self.bullets = pygame.sprite.Group()
    self.aliens = pygame.sprite.Group()
    self._creat_fleet()
    # 创立 Play 按钮。self.play_button = Button(self, "Yang Yang Yang")
    #设置背景色。self.bg_color = (230,230,230)
def run_game(self):
    """开始游戏的主循环。"""
    while True:
        self._check_events()
        if self.stats.game_active:
            self.ship.update()
            self._update_bullets()
            self._update_aliens()
        self._update_screen()
def _check_events(self):
        #响应键盘和鼠标事件。for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                sys.exit()
            elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                self._check_keydown_events(event)
            elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
                self._check_keyup_events(event)
            elif event.type == [货币代码](https://www.gendan5.com/currencycode.html)pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
                mouse_pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
                self._check_play_button(mouse_pos)
def _check_play_button(self,mouse_pos):
    """玩家单击 Lovely Yang 按钮是开始新游戏。"""
    button_clicked = self.play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_pos)
    if button_clicked and not self.stats.game_active:
        #重置游戏设置
        self.settings.initializa_dynamic_settings()
        #重置游戏统计信息
        self.stats.reset_stats()
        self.stats.game_active = True
        self.sb.prep_score()
        self.sb.prep_level()
        self.sb.prep_ships()
        # 清空余下的外星人和子弹。self.aliens.empty()
        self.bullets.empty()
        #创立一群新的外星人并让飞船居中。self._creat_fleet()
        self.ship.center_ship()
        #暗藏鼠标光标。pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)
def _check_keydown_events(self,event):
    """响应按键"""
    if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
        self.ship.moving_right = True
    elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
        self.ship.moving_left = True
    elif event.key == pygame.K_q:
        sys.exit()
    elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
        self._fire_bullet()
def _check_keyup_events(self,event):
    """响应松开"""
    if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
        self.ship.moving_right = False
    elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
        self.ship.moving_left = False
def _fire_bullet(self):
    """创立一颗子弹，并将其退出编组 bullets 中。"""
    if len(self.bullets) < self.settings.bullets_allowed:
        new_bullet = Bullet(self)
        self.bullets.add(new_bullet)
def _update_bullets(self):
    """更新子弹的地位并删除隐没的子弹"""
    # 更新子弹的地位
    self.bullets.update()
    #检测外星人和飞船之间的碰撞
    if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(self.ship, self.aliens):
        print("Ship hit!!!")
    # 删除隐没的子弹
    for bullet in self.bullets.copy():
        if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:
            self.bullets.remove(bullet)
    self._check_bullet_alien_collisions()
def _check_bullet_alien_collisions(self):
    """响应子弹和外星人碰撞"""
    #  删除碰撞的子弹和外星人。collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.bullets, self.aliens, True, True)
    if collisions:
        for aliens in collisions.values():
            self.stats.score += self.settings.alien_points * len(aliens)
        self.sb.prep_score()
        self.sb.check_high_score()
    if not self.aliens:
        #删除现有的子弹并新建一群外星人。self.bullets.empty()
        self._creat_fleet()
        self.settings.increase_speed()
        #进步等级
        self.stats.level += 1
        self.sb.prep_level()
def _update_aliens(self):
    """
    查看是否有外星人位于屏幕边缘
    并更新整群外星人的地位
    """
    self._check_fleet_edges()
    self.aliens.update()

    #检测外星人和飞船之间的碰撞
    if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(self.ship,self.aliens):
        self._ship_hit()
    #查看是否有外星人达到了屏幕底端
    self._check_aliens_bottom()
def _update_screen(self):
    """更新屏幕上的图像，并切换到新屏幕."""
    self.screen.fill(self.settings.bg_color)
    self.ship.blitme()
    for bullet in self.bullets.sprites():
        bullet.draw_bullet()
    self.aliens.draw(self.screen)
    # 显示得分。self.sb.show_score()
    #如果游戏处于非活动状态，就绘制 Play 按钮。if not self.stats.game_active:
        self.play_button.draw_button()
    pygame.display.flip()
def _creat_fleet(self):
    """创立外星人群"""
    #创立一个外星人并计算一行可包容多少个外星人。#外星人的间距为外星人的宽度
    alien = Alien(self)
    alien_width, alien_height = alien.rect.size
    available_space_x = self.settings.screen_width - (2 * alien_width)
    number_aliens_x = available_space_x // (2 * alien_width)
    #计算屏幕可包容多少行外星人
    ship_height = self.ship.rect.height
    available_space_y = (self.settings.screen_height - 
                             (3 * alien_height) - ship_height)
    number_rows = available_space_y // (2 * alien_height)
    #创立外星人群。for row_number in range(number_rows):
        for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):
            self._creat_alien(alien_number, row_number)
def _creat_alien(self,alien_number,row_number):
    """创立一个外星人并将其放入以后行"""
    alien = Alien(self)
    alien_width, alien_height = alien.rect.size
    alien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * alien_number
    alien.rect.x = alien.x
    alien.rect.y = alien.rect.height + 2 * alien.rect.height * row_number
    self.aliens.add(alien)

def _check_fleet_edges(self):
    """有外星人达到边缘时采取相应的措施。"""
    for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
        if alien.check_edges():
            self._change_fleet_direction()
            break
def _change_fleet_direction(self):
    """将整群外星人下移，并扭转他们的方向。"""
    for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
        alien.rect.y += self.settings.fleet_drop_speed
    self.settings.fleet_direction *= -1
def _ship_hit(self):
    """响应飞船被外星人撞到"""
    if self.stats.ships_left > 0:
        #将 ships_left 减 1 并更新记分牌。self.stats.ships_left -= 1
        self.sb.prep_ships()
        #清空余下的外星人和子弹。self.aliens.empty()
        self.bullets.empty()
        #创立一群新的外星人，并将飞船放到屏幕底端的地方。self._creat_fleet()
        self.ship.center_ship()
        #暂停.
        sleep(0.5)
    else:
        self.stats.game_active = False
        pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)
def _check_aliens_bottom(self):
    """查看是否有外星人达到了屏幕底端"""
    screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
    for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
        if alien.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom:
            # 像飞船被撞到一样解决
            self._ship_hit()
            break

if name == ‘__main__’:

# 创立游戏实例并运行游戏。ai = AlienInvasion()
ai.run_game()