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简介
Pandas 中有一种非凡的数据类型叫做 category。它示意的是一个类别,个别用在统计分类中,比方性别,血型,分类,级别等等。有点像 java 中的 enum。
明天给大家具体解说一下 category 的用法。
创立 category
应用 Series 创立
在创立 Series 的同时增加 dtype=”category” 就能够创立好 category 了。category 分为两局部,一部分是 order,一部分是字面量:
In [1]: s = pd.Series(["a", "b", "c", "a"], dtype="category")
In [2]: s
Out[2]:
0 a
1 b
2 c
3 a
dtype: category
Categories (3, object): ['a', 'b', 'c']
能够将 DF 中的 Series 转换为 category:
In [3]: df = pd.DataFrame({"A": ["a", "b", "c", "a"]})
In [4]: df["B"] = df["A"].astype("category")
In [5]: df["B"]
Out[32]:
0 a
1 b
2 c
3 a
Name: B, dtype: category
Categories (3, object): [a, b, c]
能够创立好一个pandas.Categorical
,将其作为参数传递给 Series:
In [10]: raw_cat = pd.Categorical(....: ["a", "b", "c", "a"], categories=["b", "c", "d"], ordered=False
....: )
....:
In [11]: s = pd.Series(raw_cat)
In [12]: s
Out[12]:
0 NaN
1 b
2 c
3 NaN
dtype: category
Categories (3, object): ['b', 'c', 'd']
应用 DF 创立
创立 DataFrame 的时候,也能够传入 dtype=”category”:
In [17]: df = pd.DataFrame({"A": list("abca"), "B": list("bccd")}, dtype="category")
In [18]: df.dtypes
Out[18]:
A category
B category
dtype: object
DF 中的 A 和 B 都是一个 category:
In [19]: df["A"]
Out[19]:
0 a
1 b
2 c
3 a
Name: A, dtype: category
Categories (3, object): ['a', 'b', 'c']
In [20]: df["B"]
Out[20]:
0 b
1 c
2 c
3 d
Name: B, dtype: category
Categories (3, object): ['b', 'c', 'd']
或者应用 df.astype(“category”)将 DF 中所有的 Series 转换为 category:
In [21]: df = pd.DataFrame({"A": list("abca"), "B": list("bccd")})
In [22]: df_cat = df.astype("category")
In [23]: df_cat.dtypes
Out[23]:
A category
B category
dtype: object
创立管制
默认状况下传入 dtype=’category’ 创立进去的 category 应用的是默认值:
- Categories 是从数据中推断进去的。
- Categories 是没有大小程序的。
能够显示创立 CategoricalDtype 来批改下面的两个默认值:
In [26]: from pandas.api.types import CategoricalDtype
In [27]: s = pd.Series(["a", "b", "c", "a"])
In [28]: cat_type = CategoricalDtype(categories=["b", "c", "d"], ordered=True)
In [29]: s_cat = s.astype(cat_type)
In [30]: s_cat
Out[30]:
0 NaN
1 b
2 c
3 NaN
dtype: category
Categories (3, object): ['b' < 'c' < 'd']
同样的 CategoricalDtype 还能够用在 DF 中:
In [31]: from pandas.api.types import CategoricalDtype
In [32]: df = pd.DataFrame({"A": list("abca"), "B": list("bccd")})
In [33]: cat_type = CategoricalDtype(categories=list("abcd"), ordered=True)
In [34]: df_cat = df.astype(cat_type)
In [35]: df_cat["A"]
Out[35]:
0 a
1 b
2 c
3 a
Name: A, dtype: category
Categories (4, object): ['a' < 'b' < 'c' < 'd']
In [36]: df_cat["B"]
Out[36]:
0 b
1 c
2 c
3 d
Name: B, dtype: category
Categories (4, object): ['a' < 'b' < 'c' < 'd']
转换为原始类型
应用 Series.astype(original_dtype)
或者 np.asarray(categorical)
能够将 Category 转换为原始类型:
In [39]: s = pd.Series(["a", "b", "c", "a"])
In [40]: s
Out[40]:
0 a
1 b
2 c
3 a
dtype: object
In [41]: s2 = s.astype("category")
In [42]: s2
Out[42]:
0 a
1 b
2 c
3 a
dtype: category
Categories (3, object): ['a', 'b', 'c']
In [43]: s2.astype(str)
Out[43]:
0 a
1 b
2 c
3 a
dtype: object
In [44]: np.asarray(s2)
Out[44]: array(['a', 'b', 'c', 'a'], dtype=object)
categories 的操作
获取 category 的属性
Categorical 数据有 categories
和 ordered
两个属性。能够通过 s.cat.categories
和 s.cat.ordered
来获取:
In [57]: s = pd.Series(["a", "b", "c", "a"], dtype="category")
In [58]: s.cat.categories
Out[58]: Index(['a', 'b', 'c'], dtype='object')
In [59]: s.cat.ordered
Out[59]: False
重排 category 的程序:
In [60]: s = pd.Series(pd.Categorical(["a", "b", "c", "a"], categories=["c", "b", "a"]))
In [61]: s.cat.categories
Out[61]: Index(['c', 'b', 'a'], dtype='object')
In [62]: s.cat.ordered
Out[62]: False
重命名 categories
通过给 s.cat.categories 赋值能够重命名 categories:
In [67]: s = pd.Series(["a", "b", "c", "a"], dtype="category")
In [68]: s
Out[68]:
0 a
1 b
2 c
3 a
dtype: category
Categories (3, object): ['a', 'b', 'c']
In [69]: s.cat.categories = ["Group %s" % g for g in s.cat.categories]
In [70]: s
Out[70]:
0 Group a
1 Group b
2 Group c
3 Group a
dtype: category
Categories (3, object): ['Group a', 'Group b', 'Group c']
应用 rename_categories 能够达到同样的成果:
In [71]: s = s.cat.rename_categories([1, 2, 3])
In [72]: s
Out[72]:
0 1
1 2
2 3
3 1
dtype: category
Categories (3, int64): [1, 2, 3]
或者应用字典对象:
# You can also pass a dict-like object to map the renaming
In [73]: s = s.cat.rename_categories({1: "x", 2: "y", 3: "z"})
In [74]: s
Out[74]:
0 x
1 y
2 z
3 x
dtype: category
Categories (3, object): ['x', 'y', 'z']
应用 add_categories 增加 category
能够应用 add_categories 来增加 category:
In [77]: s = s.cat.add_categories([4])
In [78]: s.cat.categories
Out[78]: Index(['x', 'y', 'z', 4], dtype='object')
In [79]: s
Out[79]:
0 x
1 y
2 z
3 x
dtype: category
Categories (4, object): ['x', 'y', 'z', 4]
应用 remove_categories 删除 category
In [80]: s = s.cat.remove_categories([4])
In [81]: s
Out[81]:
0 x
1 y
2 z
3 x
dtype: category
Categories (3, object): ['x', 'y', 'z']
删除未应用的 cagtegory
In [82]: s = pd.Series(pd.Categorical(["a", "b", "a"], categories=["a", "b", "c", "d"]))
In [83]: s
Out[83]:
0 a
1 b
2 a
dtype: category
Categories (4, object): ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
In [84]: s.cat.remove_unused_categories()
Out[84]:
0 a
1 b
2 a
dtype: category
Categories (2, object): ['a', 'b']
重置 cagtegory
应用 set_categories()
能够同时进行增加和删除 category 操作:
In [85]: s = pd.Series(["one", "two", "four", "-"], dtype="category")
In [86]: s
Out[86]:
0 one
1 two
2 four
3 -
dtype: category
Categories (4, object): ['-', 'four', 'one', 'two']
In [87]: s = s.cat.set_categories(["one", "two", "three", "four"])
In [88]: s
Out[88]:
0 one
1 two
2 four
3 NaN
dtype: category
Categories (4, object): ['one', 'two', 'three', 'four']
category 排序
如果 category 创立的时候带有 ordered=True,那么能够对其进行排序操作:
In [91]: s = pd.Series(["a", "b", "c", "a"]).astype(CategoricalDtype(ordered=True))
In [92]: s.sort_values(inplace=True)
In [93]: s
Out[93]:
0 a
3 a
1 b
2 c
dtype: category
Categories (3, object): ['a' < 'b' < 'c']
In [94]: s.min(), s.max()
Out[94]: ('a', 'c')
能够应用 as_ordered() 或者 as_unordered() 来强制排序或者不排序:
In [95]: s.cat.as_ordered()
Out[95]:
0 a
3 a
1 b
2 c
dtype: category
Categories (3, object): ['a' < 'b' < 'c']
In [96]: s.cat.as_unordered()
Out[96]:
0 a
3 a
1 b
2 c
dtype: category
Categories (3, object): ['a', 'b', 'c']
重排序
应用Categorical.reorder_categories() 能够对现有的 category 进行重排序:
In [103]: s = pd.Series([1, 2, 3, 1], dtype="category")
In [104]: s = s.cat.reorder_categories([2, 3, 1], ordered=True)
In [105]: s
Out[105]:
0 1
1 2
2 3
3 1
dtype: category
Categories (3, int64): [2 < 3 < 1]
多列排序
sort_values 反对多列进行排序:
In [109]: dfs = pd.DataFrame(
.....: {
.....: "A": pd.Categorical(.....: list("bbeebbaa"),
.....: categories=["e", "a", "b"],
.....: ordered=True,
.....: ),
.....: "B": [1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 1],
.....: }
.....: )
.....:
In [110]: dfs.sort_values(by=["A", "B"])
Out[110]:
A B
2 e 1
3 e 2
7 a 1
6 a 2
0 b 1
5 b 1
1 b 2
4 b 2
比拟操作
如果创立的时候设置了 ordered==True,那么 category 之间就能够进行比拟操作。反对 ==
, !=
, >
, >=
, <
, 和 <=
这些操作符。
In [113]: cat = pd.Series([1, 2, 3]).astype(CategoricalDtype([3, 2, 1], ordered=True))
In [114]: cat_base = pd.Series([2, 2, 2]).astype(CategoricalDtype([3, 2, 1], ordered=True))
In [115]: cat_base2 = pd.Series([2, 2, 2]).astype(CategoricalDtype(ordered=True))
In [119]: cat > cat_base
Out[119]:
0 True
1 False
2 False
dtype: bool
In [120]: cat > 2
Out[120]:
0 True
1 False
2 False
dtype: bool
其余操作
Cagetory 实质上来说还是一个 Series,所以 Series 的操作 category 基本上都能够应用,比方:Series.min(), Series.max() 和 Series.mode()。
value_counts:
In [131]: s = pd.Series(pd.Categorical(["a", "b", "c", "c"], categories=["c", "a", "b", "d"]))
In [132]: s.value_counts()
Out[132]:
c 2
a 1
b 1
d 0
dtype: int64
DataFrame.sum():
In [133]: columns = pd.Categorical(.....: ["One", "One", "Two"], categories=["One", "Two", "Three"], ordered=True
.....: )
.....:
In [134]: df = pd.DataFrame(.....: data=[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]],
.....: columns=pd.MultiIndex.from_arrays([["A", "B", "B"], columns]),
.....: )
.....:
In [135]: df.sum(axis=1, level=1)
Out[135]:
One Two Three
0 3 3 0
1 9 6 0
Groupby:
In [136]: cats = pd.Categorical(.....: ["a", "b", "b", "b", "c", "c", "c"], categories=["a", "b", "c", "d"]
.....: )
.....:
In [137]: df = pd.DataFrame({"cats": cats, "values": [1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5]})
In [138]: df.groupby("cats").mean()
Out[138]:
values
cats
a 1.0
b 2.0
c 4.0
d NaN
In [139]: cats2 = pd.Categorical(["a", "a", "b", "b"], categories=["a", "b", "c"])
In [140]: df2 = pd.DataFrame(
.....: {
.....: "cats": cats2,
.....: "B": ["c", "d", "c", "d"],
.....: "values": [1, 2, 3, 4],
.....: }
.....: )
.....:
In [141]: df2.groupby(["cats", "B"]).mean()
Out[141]:
values
cats B
a c 1.0
d 2.0
b c 3.0
d 4.0
c c NaN
d NaN
Pivot tables:
In [142]: raw_cat = pd.Categorical(["a", "a", "b", "b"], categories=["a", "b", "c"])
In [143]: df = pd.DataFrame({"A": raw_cat, "B": ["c", "d", "c", "d"], "values": [1, 2, 3, 4]})
In [144]: pd.pivot_table(df, values="values", index=["A", "B"])
Out[144]:
values
A B
a c 1
d 2
b c 3
d 4
本文已收录于 http://www.flydean.com/08-python-pandas-category/
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