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明天介绍 MGR 集群的日常治理保护操作,包含主节点切换,单主 & 多主模式切换等。手工操作以及利用 MySQL Shell 两种形式都会别离介绍。
当初有个三节点的 MGR 集群:
mysql> select * from performance_schema.replication_group_members;
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+
| CHANNEL_NAME | MEMBER_ID | MEMBER_HOST | MEMBER_PORT | MEMBER_STATE | MEMBER_ROLE | MEMBER_VERSION |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+
| group_replication_applier | af39db70-6850-11ec-94c9-00155d064000 | 172.16.16.10 | 3306 | ONLINE | PRIMARY | 8.0.25 |
| group_replication_applier | b05c0838-6850-11ec-a06b-00155d064000 | 172.16.16.11 | 3306 | ONLINE | SECONDARY | 8.0.25 |
| group_replication_applier | b0f86046-6850-11ec-92fe-00155d064000 | 172.16.16.12 | 3306 | ONLINE | SECONDARY | 8.0.25 |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+
1. 切换主节点
当主节点须要进行保护时,或者执行滚动降级时,就能够对其进行切换,将主节点切换到其余节点。
在命令行模式下,能够应用 group_replication_set_as_primary() 这个 udf 实现切换,例如:
-- 将 Primary 角色切换到第二个节点
mysql> select group_replication_set_as_primary('b05c0838-6850-11ec-a06b-00155d064000');
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| group_replication_set_as_primary('b05c0838-6850-11ec-a06b-00155d064000') |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Primary server switched to: b05c0838-6850-11ec-a06b-00155d064000 |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (1.00 sec)
[root@yejr.run:mysql.sock] [(none)]>select * from performance_schema.replication_group_members;
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+
| CHANNEL_NAME | MEMBER_ID | MEMBER_HOST | MEMBER_PORT | MEMBER_STATE | MEMBER_ROLE | MEMBER_VERSION |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+
| group_replication_applier | af39db70-6850-11ec-94c9-00155d064000 | 172.16.16.10 | 3306 | ONLINE | SECONDARY | 8.0.25 |
| group_replication_applier | b05c0838-6850-11ec-a06b-00155d064000 | 172.16.16.11 | 3306 | ONLINE | PRIMARY | 8.0.25 |
| group_replication_applier | b0f86046-6850-11ec-92fe-00155d064000 | 172.16.16.12 | 3306 | ONLINE | SECONDARY | 8.0.25 |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+
顺便提一下,在 MySQL 5.7 版本中,只能通过重启以实现主节点的主动切换,不能手动切换。从这个角度来说,如果想要应用 MGR,最好是抉择 MySQL 8.0 版本,而不要应用 5.7 版本。
如果是用 MySQL Shell,则能够调用 setPrimaryInstance()
函数进行切换:
# 首先获取 cluster 对象
MySQL 172.16.16.10:3306 ssl JS > var c=dba.getCluster()
#查看以后各节点列表
MySQL 172.16.16.10:3306 ssl JS > c.status()
"status": "OK",
"statusText": "Cluster is ONLINE and can tolerate up to ONE failure.",
"topology": {
"172.16.16.10:3306": {
"address": "172.16.16.10:3306",
"memberRole": "PRIMARY",
"mode": "R/W",
"readReplicas": {},
"replicationLag": null,
"role": "HA",
"status": "ONLINE",
"version": "8.0.25"
},
"172.16.16.11:3306": {
"address": "172.16.16.11:3306",
"memberRole": "SECONDARY",
"mode": "R/O",
"readReplicas": {},
"replicationLag": null,
"role": "HA",
"status": "ONLINE",
"version": "8.0.25"
},
"172.16.16.12:3306": {
"address": "172.16.16.12:3306",
"memberRole": "SECONDARY",
"mode": "R/O",
"readReplicas": {},
"replicationLag": null,
"role": "HA",
"status": "ONLINE",
"version": "8.0.25"
}
},
"topologyMode": "Single-Primary"
},
"groupInformationSourceMember": "172.16.16.10:3306"
}
#执行切换
MySQL 172.16.16.10:3306 ssl JS > c.setPrimaryInstance('172.16.16.11:3306')
Setting instance '172.16.16.11:3306' as the primary instance of cluster 'MGR1'...
#列举了三个节点各自产生的变动
Instance '172.16.16.10:3306' was switched from PRIMARY to SECONDARY.
Instance '172.16.16.11:3306' was switched from SECONDARY to PRIMARY.
Instance '172.16.16.12:3306' remains SECONDARY.
WARNING: The cluster internal session is not the primary member anymore. For cluster management operations please obtain a fresh cluster handle using dba.getCluster().
#实现切换
The instance '172.16.16.11:3306' was successfully elected as primary.
2. 切换单主 / 多主模式
在命令行模式下,能够调用 group_replication_switch_to_single_primary_mode()
和 group_replication_switch_to_multi_primary_mode()
来切换单主 / 多主模式。
# 间接调用函数即可
mysql> select group_replication_switch_to_multi_primary_mode();
+--------------------------------------------------+
| group_replication_switch_to_multi_primary_mode() |
+--------------------------------------------------+
| Mode switched to multi-primary successfully. |
+--------------------------------------------------+
#查看各节点状态
mysql> select * from performance_schema.replication_group_members;
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+
| CHANNEL_NAME | MEMBER_ID | MEMBER_HOST | MEMBER_PORT | MEMBER_STATE | MEMBER_ROLE | MEMBER_VERSION |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+
| group_replication_applier | af39db70-6850-11ec-94c9-00155d064000 | 172.16.16.10 | 3306 | ONLINE | PRIMARY | 8.0.25 |
| group_replication_applier | b05c0838-6850-11ec-a06b-00155d064000 | 172.16.16.11 | 3306 | ONLINE | PRIMARY | 8.0.25 |
| group_replication_applier | b0f86046-6850-11ec-92fe-00155d064000 | 172.16.16.12 | 3306 | ONLINE | PRIMARY | 8.0.25 |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+
#切换成单主模式时能够指定某个节点的 server_uuid,如果不指定则会依据规定主动抉择一个新的主节点
#在这里,我抉择了指定 mgr3 节点作为新主
mysql> select group_replication_switch_to_single_primary_mode('b0f86046-6850-11ec-92fe-00155d064000');
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| group_replication_switch_to_single_primary_mode('b0f86046-6850-11ec-92fe-00155d064000') |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Mode switched to single-primary successfully. |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
在 MySQL Shell 中,能够调用 switchToSinglePrimaryMode()
以及 switchToMultiPrimaryMode()
函数进行切换。同样地,函数 switchToSinglePrimaryMode()
里也能够指定某个节点作为新的主节点。
MySQL 172.16.16.10:3306 ssl JS > var c=dba.getCluster()
#切换到多主模式
MySQL 172.16.16.10:3306 ssl JS > c.switchToMultiPrimaryMode()
#切换到单主模式,这里我指定 mgr2 节点作为新主
MySQL 172.16.16.10:3306 ssl JS > c.switchToSinglePrimaryMode("172.16.16.11:3306")
留神 ,在曾经是单主模式时,无论是 group_replication_switch_to_single_primary_mode()
还是 switchToSinglePrimaryMode()
函数中指定另一个节点时是不会产生切换的,但也不会报错,只有提醒。
3. 增加新节点
接下来咱们演示如何向 MGR 集群中增加一个新节点。
首先,要先实现 MySQL Server 初始化,创立好 MGR 专用账户、设置好 MGR 服务通道等前置工作,这部分的操作能够参考前文 3. 装置部署 MGR 集群 。
接下来,间接执行命令 start group_replication
启动 MGR 服务即可,新增的节点会进入分布式复原这个步骤,它会从已有节点中主动抉择一个作为捐献者(donor),并自行决定是间接读取 binlog 进行复原,还是利用 Clone 进行全量复原。
如果是曾经在线运行一段时间的 MGR 集群,有肯定存量数据,这时候新节点退出可能会比较慢,倡议手动利用 Clone 进行一次全量复制。还记得后面创立 MGR 专用账户时,给加上了 BACKUP_ADMIN 受权吗,这时候就排上用场了,Clone 须要用到这个权限。
上面演示如何利用 Clone 进行一次全量数据恢复,假设要新增的节点是 172.16.16.13(给它命名为 mgr4)。
# 在 mgr4 上设置捐献者
#为了升高对 Primary 节点的影响,倡议抉择其余 Secondary 节点
mysql> set global clone_valid_donor_list='172.16.16.11:3306';
#停掉 mgr 服务(如果有的话),敞开 super_read_only 模式,而后开始复制数据
#留神这里要填写的端口是 3306(MySQL 失常服务端口),而不是 33061 这个 MGR 服务专用端口
mysql> stop group_replication; set global super_read_only=0; clone INSTANCE FROM GreatSQL@172.16.16.11:3306 IDENTIFIED BY 'GreatSQL';
全量复制完数据后,该节点会进行一次主动重启。重启结束后,再次确认 group_replication_group_name
、group_replication_local_address
、group_replication_group_seeds
这些选项值是否正确,如果没问题,执行 start group_replication
后,该节点应该就能够失常退出集群了。
如果是用 MySQL Shell 增加新节点则更简略。先执行 MySQL Server 初始化,并执行 dba.dba.configureInstance()
创立 MGR 专用账号后。而后,连贯到 Primary 节点,间接调用 addInstance()
函数即可:
# 连贯到 Primary 节点
$ mysqlsh --uri GreatSQL@172.16.16.10:3306
MySQL 172.16.16.10:3306 ssl JS > var c=dba.getCluster()
MySQL 172.16.16.10:3306 ssl JS > c.addInstance('GreatSQL@172.16.16.13:3306')
WARNING: A GTID set check of the MySQL instance at '172.16.16.13:3306' determined that it contains transactions that do not originate from the cluster, which must be discarded before it can join the cluster.
...
NOTE: 172.16.16.13:3306 is being cloned from 172.16.16.10:3306 #<-- 主动抉择一个 donor 节点
** Stage DROP DATA: Completed
** Clone Transfer
FILE COPY ############################################################ 100% Completed
PAGE COPY ############################################################ 100% Completed
REDO COPY ############################################################ 100% Completed
NOTE: 172.16.16.13:3306 is shutting down...
* Waiting for server restart... ready
* 172.16.16.13:3306 has restarted, waiting for clone to finish...
** Stage RESTART: Completed
* Clone process has finished: 72.43 MB transferred in about 1 second (~72.43 MB/s)
Incremental state recovery is now in progress.
* Waiting for distributed recovery to finish...
NOTE: '172.16.16.13:3306' is being recovered from '172.16.16.12:3306'
* Distributed recovery has finished
#新节点胜利退出结束
The instance '172.16.16.13:3306' was successfully added to the cluster.
#确认增加胜利,已在 MGR 集群列表中
MySQL 172.16.16.10:3306 ssl JS > c.describe()
{
"clusterName": "MGR1",
"defaultReplicaSet": {
"name": "default",
"topology": [
{
"address": "172.16.16.10:3306",
"label": "172.16.16.10:3306",
"role": "HA"
},
{
"address": "172.16.16.11:3306",
"label": "172.16.16.11:3306",
"role": "HA"
},
{
"address": "172.16.16.12:3306",
"label": "172.16.16.12:3306",
"role": "HA"
},
{
"address": "172.16.16.13:3306", <-- 新退出的节点
"label": "172.16.16.13:3306",
"role": "HA"
}
],
"topologyMode": "Single-Primary"
}
}
确认新节点增加胜利。
4. 删除节点
在命令行模式下,一个节点想退出 MGR 集群,间接执行 stop group_replication
即可,如果这个节点只是长期退出集群,前面还想加回集群,则执行 start group_replication
即可主动再退出。而如果是想彻底退出集群,则进行 MGR 服务后,执行 reset master; reset slave all;
重置所有复制(蕴含 MGR)相干的信息就能够了。
在 MySQL Shell 里,只需调用 removeInstance()
函数即可删除某个节点,例如:
MySQL 172.16.16.10:3306 ssl JS > c.removeInstance('172.16.16.13:3306');
The instance will be removed from the InnoDB cluster. Depending on the instance
being the Seed or not, the Metadata session might become invalid. If so, please
start a new session to the Metadata Storage R/W instance.
Instance '172.16.16.13:3306' is attempting to leave the cluster...
The instance '172.16.16.13:3306' was successfully removed from the cluster.
这就将该节点踢出集群了,并且会重置 group_replication_group_seeds
和 group_replication_local_address
两个选项值。之后该节点如果想再退出集群,须要调用 addInstance()
从新加回。
5. 异样退出的节点从新加回
当节点因为网络断开、实例 crash 等异常情况与 MGR 集群断开连接后,这个节点的状态会变成 UNREACHABLE,待到超过 group_replication_member_expel_timeout
+ 5 秒后,集群会踢掉该节点。等到这个节点再次启动并执行 start group_replication
,失常状况下,该节点应能主动从新加回集群。
在 MySQL Shell 里,能够调用 rejoinInstance()
函数将异样的节点从新加回集群:
MySQL 172.16.16.10:3306 ssl JS > c.rejoinInstance('172.16.16.13:3306');
Rejoining instance '172.16.16.13:3306' to cluster 'MGR1'...
The instance '172.16.16.13:3306' was successfully rejoined to the cluster.
6. 重启 MGR 集群
失常状况下,MGR 集群中的 Primary 节点退出时,剩下的节点会主动选出新的 Primary 节点。当最初一个节点也退出时,相当于整个 MGR 集群都敞开了。这时候任何一个节点启动 MGR 服务后,都不会主动成为 Primary 节点,须要在启动 MGR 服务前,先设置 group_replication_bootstrap_group=ON
,使其成为疏导节点,再启动 MGR 服务,它才会成为 Primary 节点,后续启动的其余节点也能力失常退出集群。可自行测试,这里不再做演示。
P.S,第一个节点启动结束后,记得重置选项 group_replication_bootstrap_group=OFF
,防止在后续的操作中导致 MGR 集群决裂。
如果是用 MySQL Shell 重启 MGR 集群,调用 rebootClusterFromCompleteOutage()
函数即可,它会主动判断各节点的状态,抉择其中一个作为 Primary 节点,而后拉起各节点上的 MGR 服务,实现 MGR 集群重启。能够参考这篇文章:万答 #12,MGR 整个集群挂掉后,如何能力主动选主,不必手动干涉
7. 小结
本文介绍了 MGR 集群几种常见治理保护操作方法,包含切换主节点,切换单主 / 多主模式,增加节点,删除节点,异样节点重退出,重启整个 MGR 集群等。总的来看,利用 MySQL Shell 治理 MGR 集群会更简略不便些,也有利于治理平台的封装,不过手工操作的形式也不能遗记,有些时候可能没有配套的 MySQL Shell 工具,就得靠手工了。
参考资料、文档
- MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual
- 数据库内核开发 – 温正湖
- Group Replication 原理 – 宋利兵
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