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在 ubuntu20 中装置了以下 mysqlclient，遇到了不少谬误，起因在于 mysqlclient 须要依赖一些动态链接库，还有就是和 python 版本有关系
环境介绍：
ubuntu20 出厂自带 python3.8，然而我本人装置了 python3.9
应用命令：
sudo apt install python3.9便能够装置 python3.9
子标题：
- 装置 Python mysqlclient 呈现“OSError: mysql_config not found”谬误
- 跨零碎 python 版本装置 python3.9-dev
- 为 ubuntu20 装置 python3.9-dev
报错一：
残缺报错信息
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /home/bot/.local/share/virtualenvs/django-twitter-IaucORjf/bin/python -c 'import io, os, sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] ='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-ad2qu_uy/mysqlclient_df40fd48e0dc469e8a102567b171b787/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-ad2qu_uy/mysqlclient_df40fd48e0dc469e8a102567b171b787/setup.py'"'"';f = getattr(tokenize,'"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__) if os.path.exists(__file__) else io.StringIO('"'"'from setuptools import setup; setup()'"'"');code = f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"','"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__,'"'"'exec'"'"'))' egg_info --egg-base /tmp/pip-pip-egg-info-ksb3c8ih
cwd: /tmp/pip-install-ad2qu_uy/mysqlclient_df40fd48e0dc469e8a102567b171b787/
Complete output (15 lines):
/bin/sh: 1: mysql_config: not found
/bin/sh: 1: mariadb_config: not found
/bin/sh: 1: mysql_config: not found
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
File "/tmp/pip-install-ad2qu_uy/mysqlclient_df40fd48e0dc469e8a102567b171b787/setup.py", line 15, in <module>
metadata, options = get_config()
File "/tmp/pip-install-ad2qu_uy/mysqlclient_df40fd48e0dc469e8a102567b171b787/setup_posix.py", line 70, in get_config
libs = mysql_config("libs")
File "/tmp/pip-install-ad2qu_uy/mysqlclient_df40fd48e0dc469e8a102567b171b787/setup_posix.py", line 31, in mysql_config
raise OSError("{} not found".format(_mysql_config_path))
OSError: mysql_config not found
mysql_config --version
mariadb_config --version
mysql_config --libs
----------------------------------------
WARNING: Discarding https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/3c/df/59cd2fa5e48d0804d213bdcb1acb4d08c403b61c7ff7ed4dd4a6a2deb3f7/mysqlclient-2.0.3.tar.gz#sha256=f6ebea7c008f155baeefe16c56cd3ee6239f7a5a9ae42396c2f1860f08a7c432 (from https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/mysqlclient/) (requires-python:>=3.5). Command errored out with exit status 1: python setup.py egg_info Check the logs for full command output.
ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement mysqlclient==2.0.3 (from versions: 1.3.0, 1.3.1, 1.3.2, 1.3.3, 1.3.4, 1.3.5, 1.3.6, 1.3.7, 1.3.8, 1.3.9, 1.3.10, 1.3.11rc1, 1.3.11, 1.3.12, 1.3.13, 1.3.14, 1.4.0rc1, 1.4.0rc2, 1.4.0rc3, 1.4.0, 1.4.1, 1.4.2, 1.4.2.post1, 1.4.3, 1.4.4, 1.4.5, 1.4.6, 2.0.0, 2.0.1, 2.0.2, 2.0.3)
ERROR: No matching distribution found for mysqlclient==2.0.3
解决办法：
sudo apt install libmysqlclient-dev python3-dev如果你应用的 python 解释器的版本是和零碎自带的 python 版本统一，那就没有问题。
如果你用的不是零碎自带的 python 解释器（版本统一就没有问题），持续往下看
报错二：
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /home/bot/.local/share/virtualenvs/django-twitter-IaucORjf/bin/python -u -c 'import io, os, sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] ='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-rq7aoqrc/mysqlclient_40fa5be227e344b0a851378f6a96cc9a/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-rq7aoqrc/mysqlclient_40fa5be227e344b0a851378f6a96cc9a/setup.py'"'"';f = getattr(tokenize,'"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__) if os.path.exists(__file__) else io.StringIO('"'"'from setuptools import setup; setup()'"'"');code = f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"','"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__,'"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-n8yzv7f4/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /home/bot/.local/share/virtualenvs/django-twitter-IaucORjf/include/site/python3.9/mysqlclient
cwd: /tmp/pip-install-rq7aoqrc/mysqlclient_40fa5be227e344b0a851378f6a96cc9a/
Complete output (46 lines):
mysql_config --version
['8.0.26']
mysql_config --libs
['-L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu', '-lmysqlclient', '-lpthread', '-ldl', '-lz', '-lssl', '-lcrypto', '-lresolv', '-lm', '-lrt']
mysql_config --cflags
['-I/usr/include/mysql']
ext_options:
library_dirs: ['/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu']
libraries: ['mysqlclient', 'pthread', 'dl', 'resolv', 'm', 'rt']
extra_compile_args: ['-std=c99']
extra_link_args: []
include_dirs: ['/usr/include/mysql']
extra_objects: []
define_macros: [('version_info', "(2,0,3,'final',0)"), ('__version__', '2.0.3')]
running install
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/_exceptions.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/connections.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/converters.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/cursors.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/release.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/times.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/MySQLdb
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/CLIENT.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/CR.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/ER.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/FIELD_TYPE.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/FLAG.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/MySQLdb/constants
warning: build_py: byte-compiling is disabled, skipping.
running build_ext
building 'MySQLdb._mysql' extension
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.9
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.9/MySQLdb
x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -g -fwrapv -O2 -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -Dversion_info=(2,0,3,'final',0) -D__version__=2.0.3 -I/usr/include/mysql -I/home/bot/.local/share/virtualenvs/django-twitter-IaucORjf/include -I/usr/include/python3.9 -c MySQLdb/_mysql.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.9/MySQLdb/_mysql.o -std=c99
MySQLdb/_mysql.c:46:10: fatal error: Python.h: 没有那个文件或目录
46 | #include "Python.h"
| ^~~~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
error: command '/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit code 1
----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /home/bot/.local/share/virtualenvs/django-twitter-IaucORjf/bin/python -u -c 'import io, os, sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] ='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-rq7aoqrc/mysqlclient_40fa5be227e344b0a851378f6a96cc9a/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-rq7aoqrc/mysqlclient_40fa5be227e344b0a851378f6a96cc9a/setup.py'"'"';f = getattr(tokenize,'"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__) if os.path.exists(__file__) else io.StringIO('"'"'from setuptools import setup; setup()'"'"');code = f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"','"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__,'"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-n8yzv7f4/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /home/bot/.local/share/virtualenvs/django-twitter-IaucORjf/include/site/python3.9/mysqlclient Check the logs for full command output.
因为我用了 3.9，之前的命令是装的 3.8 对应的 dev，所以会找不到
应用如下命令解决问题
sudo apt install python3.9-dev
正文完
