关于linux:Linux系统下KVM虚拟机的基本管理和操作

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[root@serer1 ~]# cat /etc/os-release 
NAME="CentOS Linux"
VERSION="7 (Core)"
ID="centos"
ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"
VERSION_ID="7"
PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 7 (Core)"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:7"
HOME_URL="https://www.centos.org/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/"

CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT="CentOS-7"
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION="7"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="centos"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="7"

[root@serer1 ~]# systemctl status firewalld
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: inactive (dead) since Wed 2022-10-19 00:09:43 CST; 7s ago
     Docs: man:firewalld(1)
 Main PID: 642 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

[root@serer01 ~]# getenforce 
Disabled

[root@server ~]# systemctl status libvirtd
● libvirtd.service - Virtualization daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/libvirtd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sun 2022-10-16 17:53:24 CST; 2 days ago
     Docs: man:libvirtd(8)
           https://libvirt.org
 Main PID: 29472 (libvirtd)
    Tasks: 18 (limit: 32768)
   Memory: 34.8M
   CGroup: /system.slice/libvirtd.service
           └─29472 /usr/sbin/libvirtd --listen

[root@server ~]# lsmod|grep kvm
kvm_intel             183621  4 
kvm                   586948  1 kvm_intel
irqbypass              13503  3 kvm

[root@server ~]# virsh -c qemu:///system list
 Id    Name                           State
----------------------------------------------------
 9     kvm01                          running

[root@server ~]# virsh --version
4.5.0
[root@server ~]# virt-install --version
1.5.0

[root@server ~]# virsh list
 Id    Name                           State
----------------------------------------------------
 9     kvm01                          running

[root@server ~]# virsh list --all
 Id    Name                           State
----------------------------------------------------
 9     kvm01                          running

virsh start kvm01    #虚拟机开机
virsh shutdown kvm01  #敞开虚拟机
virsh destroy kvm01  # 强制进行虚拟机

virsh undefine kvm01  #彻底销毁虚拟机，会删除虚拟机配置文件，但不会删除虚构磁盘

virsh autostart kvm01    # 宿主机开启时自启
virsh autostart --disable  kvm01   #  取开机自启

virsh suspend  kvm01    # 挂起虚拟机
virsh resume  kvm01       #   复原挂起的虚拟机

[root@server ~]# virsh dumpxml kvm01 
<domain type='kvm' id='9'>
  <name>kvm01</name>
  <uuid>65438c9d-81cd-cd83-01de-77a5ed5af051</uuid>
  <description>None</description>
  <memory unit='KiB'>1048576</memory>
  <currentMemory unit='KiB'>1048576</currentMemory>
  <vcpu placement='static'>2</vcpu>
  <resource>
    <partition>/machine</partition>
  </resource>
  <os>
    <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-i440fx-rhel7.0.0'>hvm</type>
    <boot dev='hd'/>
    <boot dev='cdrom'/>
    <bootmenu enable='yes'/>
  </os>
  <features>
    <acpi/>
    <apic/>
    <pae/>
  </features>
  <cpu mode='custom' match='exact' check='full'>
    <model fallback='forbid'>IvyBridge-IBRS</model>
    <vendor>Intel</vendor>
    <feature policy='disable' name='ds'/>
    <feature policy='disable' name='acpi'/>
    <feature policy='require' name='ss'/>
    <feature policy='disable' name='ht'/>
    <feature policy='disable' name='tm'/>
    <feature policy='disable' name='pbe'/>
    <feature policy='disable' name='dtes64'/>
    <feature policy='disable' name='monitor'/>
    <feature policy='disable' name='ds_cpl'/>
    <feature policy='disable' name='vmx'/>
    <feature policy='disable' name='est'/>
    <feature policy='disable' name='tm2'/>
    <feature policy='disable' name='xtpr'/>
    <feature policy='disable' name='pdcm'/>
    <feature policy='require' name='movbe'/>
    <feature policy='disable' name='osxsave'/>
    <feature policy='disable' name='arat'/>
    <feature policy='disable' name='tsc_adjust'/>
    <feature policy='require' name='rdseed'/>
    <feature policy='require' name='smap'/>
    <feature policy='require' name='clflushopt'/>
    <feature policy='require' name='clwb'/>
    <feature policy='disable' name='intel-pt'/>
    <feature policy='require' name='sha-ni'/>
    <feature policy='require' name='umip'/>
    <feature policy='require' name='gfni'/>
    <feature policy='disable' name='md-clear'/>
    <feature policy='require' name='stibp'/>
    <feature policy='require' name='ssbd'/>
    <feature policy='require' name='xsaveopt'/>
    <feature policy='require' name='xsavec'/>
    <feature policy='require' name='xgetbv1'/>
    <feature policy='require' name='3dnowprefetch'/>
    <feature policy='disable' name='avx'/>
    <feature policy='disable' name='f16c'/>
    <feature policy='require' name='hypervisor'/>
  </cpu>
  <clock offset='utc'/>
  <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
  <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
  <on_crash>restart</on_crash>
  <devices>
    <emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator>
    <disk type='file' device='disk'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/>
      <source file='/nas/kvm/centos_kvm.img'/>
      <backingStore/>
      <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
      <alias name='virtio-disk0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/>
    </disk>
    <disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
      <source file='/storage/kvm/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1511.iso'/>
      <backingStore/>
      <target dev='hda' bus='ide'/>
      <readonly/>
      <alias name='ide0-1-1'/>
      <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='1' target='0' unit='1'/>
    </disk>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='piix3-uhci'>
      <alias name='usb'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x2'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='pci' index='0' model='pci-root'>
      <alias name='pci.0'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='ide' index='0'>
      <alias name='ide'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/>
    </controller>
    <interface type='bridge'>
      <mac address='52:54:00:6c:cb:10'/>
      <source network='br0' bridge='br0'/>
      <target dev='vnet0'/>
      <model type='virtio'/>
      <alias name='net0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
    </interface>
    <serial type='pty'>
      <source path='/dev/pts/0'/>
      <target type='isa-serial' port='0'>
        <model name='isa-serial'/>
      </target>
      <alias name='serial0'/>
    </serial>
    <console type='pty' tty='/dev/pts/0'>
      <source path='/dev/pts/0'/>
      <target type='serial' port='0'/>
      <alias name='serial0'/>
    </console>
    <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'>
      <alias name='input0'/>
    </input>
    <input type='tablet' bus='usb'>
      <alias name='input1'/>
      <address type='usb' bus='0' port='1'/>
    </input>
    <input type='keyboard' bus='ps2'>
      <alias name='input2'/>
    </input>
    <graphics type='vnc' port='5900' autoport='yes' listen='0.0.0.0'>
      <listen type='address' address='0.0.0.0'/>
    </graphics>
    <video>
      <model type='cirrus' vram='16384' heads='1' primary='yes'/>
      <alias name='video0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>
    </video>
    <memballoon model='virtio'>
      <alias name='balloon0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/>
    </memballoon>
  </devices>
  <seclabel type='dynamic' model='dac' relabel='yes'>
    <label>+107:+107</label>
    <imagelabel>+107:+107</imagelabel>
  </seclabel>
</domain>

virsh edit vm-name  #批改虚拟机的配置文件
virsh define file-name.xml  #依据配置文件定义虚拟机

[root@server ~]# ls /etc/libvirt/qemu/
autostart  kvm01.xml  networks
[root@server ~]# ls /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/
autostart  br0.xml
[root@server ~]# ls /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/autostart/
br0.xml

[root@server ~]# qemu-img info /nas/kvm/centos_kvm.img 
image: /nas/kvm/centos_kvm.img
file format: qcow2
virtual size: 40G (42949672960 bytes)
disk size: 2.2G
cluster_size: 65536
Format specific information:
    compat: 0.10


$ qemu-img convert -f raw -O qcow2  /data/centos7.raw  /data/centos7.qcow
# qemu-img covert -f 源格局 -O 指标格局   源磁盘文件   指标磁盘文件

[root@server kvm]# qemu-img create -f qcow2 /nas/kvm/test.qcow2 5G
Formatting '/nas/kvm/test.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 size=5368709120 encryption=off cluster_size=65536 lazy_refcounts=off 
[root@server kvm]# qemu-img info /nas/kvm/test.qcow2 
image: /nas/kvm/test.qcow2
file format: qcow2
virtual size: 5.0G (5368709120 bytes)
disk size: 196K
cluster_size: 65536
Format specific information:
    compat: 1.1
    lazy refcounts: false


[root@server kvm]# qemu-img resize ./test.qcow2 +7G
Image resized.
[root@server kvm]# qemu-img info /nas/kvm/test.qcow2 
image: /nas/kvm/test.qcow2
file format: qcow2
virtual size: 12G (12884901888 bytes)
disk size: 200K
cluster_size: 65536
Format specific information:
    compat: 1.1
    lazy refcounts: false

virsh attach-disk kvm01 /nas/kvm/test.qcow2 vdb --subdriver=qcow2
# virsh  attach-disk  < 虚拟机名称 >  < 新增磁盘门路 >  < 设施名 >  < 磁盘格式类型 >

virsh attach-disk kvm01 /nas/kvm/test.qcow2 vdb --subdriver=qcow2  --config

virsh detach-disk kvm01 /nas/kvm/test.qcow2    #卸载长期失效
virsh detach-disk kvm01  /nas/kvm/test.qcow2  --config      # 卸载永恒失效

[root@server kvm]# virsh dumpxml kvm01 |grep  dev
    <boot dev='hd'/>
    <boot dev='cdrom'/>
  <devices>
    <disk type='file' device='disk'>
      <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
    <disk type='file' device='disk'>
      <target dev='vdb' bus='virtio'/>
    <disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
      <target dev='hda' bus='ide'/>
      <target dev='vnet0'/>
      <source path='/dev/pts/0'/>
    <console type='pty' tty='/dev/pts/0'>
      <source path='/dev/pts/0'/>
  </devices>

[root@server kvm]# virsh domiflist kvm01
Interface  Type       Source     Model       MAC
-------------------------------------------------------
vnet0      bridge     br0        virtio      52:54:00:6c:cb:10

[root@server kvm]# virsh attach-interface kvm01 --type bridge --source br0 
Interface attached successfully

[root@server kvm]# virsh dumpxml kvm01 > /etc/libvirt/qemu/kvm01.xml 
[root@server kvm]# virsh define /etc/libvirt/qemu/kvm01.xml 
Domain kvm01 defined from /etc/libvirt/qemu/kvm01.xml

[root@server kvm]# ssh root@192.168.3.169
The authenticity of host '192.168.3.169 (192.168.3.169)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:SMUWtN77SI+zUIX2bBR7/hY176zJLiWvY7KpIUlK0dw.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:df:58:7e:61:73:82:b5:56:03:25:60:f1:80:a6:b1:0b.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.3.169' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.3.169's password: 
Last login: Tue Oct 18 23:19:15 2022 from 192.168.3.11
[root@serer01 ~]# ip add
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:6c:cb:10 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.3.169/24 brd 192.168.3.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe6c:cb10/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: docker0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP 
    link/ether 02:42:5d:4a:c4:9f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::42:5dff:fe4a:c49f/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
5: veth0604e80@if4: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 state UP 
    link/ether be:7f:bd:57:88:71 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
    inet6 fe80::bc7f:bdff:fe57:8871/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
6: ens7: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:45:1b:53 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

须要将虚构机关机再进行删除网卡操作

[root@server kvm]# virsh detach-interface kvm01 --type bridge --mac 52:54:00:45:1b:53 --config
Interface detached successfully

[root@server kvm]# virsh dumpxml kvm01 > /etc/libvirt/qemu/kvm01.xml
[root@server kvm]# virsh define /etc/libvirt/qemu/kvm01.xml
Domain kvm01 defined from /etc/libvirt/qemu/kvm01.xml

[root@server kvm]# virsh domiflist kvm01
Interface  Type       Source     Model       MAC
-------------------------------------------------------
-          bridge     br0        virtio      52:54:00:6c:cb:10

[root@server kvm]# virsh snapshot-create kvm01
Domain snapshot 1666155063 created

[root@server kvm]# virsh snapshot-list kvm01
 Name                 Creation Time             State
------------------------------------------------------------
 1666155063           2022-10-19 12:51:03 +0800 shutoff

[root@server kvm]# virsh snapshot-info kvm01 --current 
Name:           1666155063
Domain:         kvm01
Current:        yes
State:          shutoff
Location:       internal
Parent:         -
Children:       0
Descendants:    0
Metadata:       yes

[root@server kvm]#  ll /var/lib/libvirt/qemu/snapshot/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 28 Oct 19 12:51 kvm01
[root@server kvm]#  ll /var/lib/libvirt/qemu/snapshot/kvm01/
total 8
-rw------- 1 root root 5550 Oct 19 12:51 1666155063.xml

[root@server kvm]#  virsh snapshot-delete kvm01 1666155063
Domain snapshot 1666155063 deleted

virsh snapshot-revert kvm01  1666155063  --running

snapshot-revert 用法：snapshot-revert <domain> [<snapshotname>] [–current] [–running] [–paused] [–force]

 选项：[--domain] <string>：指定 domain 名称，id 或者 uuid
     [--snapshotname] <string>：指定快照名称
     --current：复原到以后快照
     --running：在复原快照后主动运行虚拟机
     --paused：在复原快照后主动暂停虚拟机
     --force：强制执行快照，有危险的复原选项

正文完

linux

发表至： linux

2023-08-23

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关于linux:Linux系统下KVM虚拟机的基本管理和操作

一、查看本地环境

1. 查看零碎版本

2. 查看防火墙状态

3. 查看 selinux

3. 查看 libvirtd 服务状态

4. 查看 kvm 装置后果

5. 查看 kvm 虚拟机状态

6. 查看 virsh 版本

二、virsh 常用命令

1. 列出虚拟机

2. 虚拟机开关机操作

3. 删除虚拟机

4. 设置虚拟机在宿主机开机时自启

5. 挂起虚拟机

6. 查看虚拟机的配置文件

7. 对虚拟机配置文件操作

8. 查看 KVM 虚拟机相干配置文件

三、KVM 虚拟机的磁盘治理

1. 查看磁盘格式

2. 将 raw 格局磁盘文件转化为 qcow2

3. 创立空的 qcow2 格局的磁盘文件

4. 批改镜像文件大小

5. 给虚拟机新增硬盘——长期失效

6. 给虚拟机新增硬盘——永恒失效

7. 卸载硬盘

8. 查看虚拟机硬件状况

9. 在 WebVirtMgr 上查看虚拟机硬盘新增状况

四、KVM 虚拟机的网卡治理

1. 查看网卡

2. 新增网卡

3. 使新增网卡失效

4. 虚拟机查看新增网卡

5. 删除网卡

五、KVM 虚拟机的快照治理

1. 创立快照

2. 查看快照列表

3. 查看快照信息

4. 查看快照目录

5. 删除快照

6. 复原快照

7.snapshot-revert 用法

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