关于kubernetes:扩展你的KUBECTL功能

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随着 Kubernetes 成为支流的利用容器编排平台,其命令行客户端 kubectl 也成为了咱们日常部署利用,保护集群最罕用的工具。
kubectl 本身提供了弱小的内置自命令来满足咱们对集群的操作,例如 get 获取集群内的资源对象,proxy 创立代理之类的,除了内置的这些自命令,kubectl 还提供了可扩大的能力,容许咱们装置本人编写或者社区提供的插件来加强咱们应用 kubectl 的生产力。

这里将给大家介绍如何在装置 kubectl 扩大插件,以及几款我在日常工作中罕用到的社区提供的插件。

在装置和应用 kubectl 插件的之前,请确保以及装置和配置好 kubectl 命令行工具和 git 工具。

krew

首先介绍的第一款扩大插件就是 krew – k8s 特地兴趣小组开发的一款用于装置和治理 kubectl 扩大插件的插件。

代码:https://github.com/kubernetes…

装置 krew (在 macOS/Linux 上):

  1. 在终端执行(Bash 或者 Zsh)执行

    (set -x; cd "$(mktemp -d)" &&
      OS="$(uname | tr'[:upper:]''[:lower:]')" &&
      ARCH="$(uname -m | sed -e's/x86_64/amd64/'-e's/\(arm\)\(64\)\?.*/\1\2/'-e's/aarch64$/arm64/')" &&
      KREW="krew-${OS}_${ARCH}" &&
      curl -fsSLO "https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/krew/releases/latest/download/${KREW}.tar.gz" &&
      tar zxvf "${KREW}.tar.gz" &&
      ./"${KREW}" install krew
    )
  2. $HOME/.krew/bin 退出到 PATH 环境变量,更新你的 .bashrc 或者 .zshrc 文件,增加上面一行

    export PATH="${KREW_ROOT:-$HOME/.brew}/bin:$PATH"

而后重启你的终端。

  1. 测试 krew 曾经装置胜利

    ❯ k krew version
    OPTION            VALUE
    GitTag            v0.4.3
    GitCommit         dbfefa5
    IndexURI          https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/krew-index.git
    BasePath          /home/mengz/.krew
    IndexPath         /home/mengz/.krew/index/default
    InstallPath       /home/mengz/.krew/store
    BinPath           /home/mengz/.krew/bin
    DetectedPlatform  linux/amd64
  2. (可选)设置 krew 别名

    alias krew='kubectl-krew'
    echo "alias krew='kubectl-krew'" >> ~/.alias

这样就装置实现了,krewkubectl 插件管理器,而 krew 本人又是插件,所以之后能够应用 krew 来更新 krew

在 Windows 上装置,请参考 https://krew.sigs.k8s.io/docs…。

应用示例

  • 列出以后已装置的插件

    ❯ krew list
    PLUGIN            VERSION
    krew              v0.4.3
  • 装置插件(上面介绍的其余插件将应用这个形式装置)

    ❯ krew install [插件名]
  • 更新本地插件索引(查看是否有插件更新)

    ❯ krew update
    Updated the local copy of plugin index.
    New plugins available:
      * liqo
      * switch-config
    Upgrades available for installed plugins:
      * open-svc v2.5.2 -> v2.5.3
      * rbac-tool v1.7.1 -> v1.8.0
      * rolesum v1.5.1 -> v1.5.5
  • 降级插件

    ❯ krew upgrade open-svc
    Updated the local copy of plugin index.
    Upgrading plugin: open-svc
  • 删除插件

    ❯ krew uninstall [插件名]

krew-index 里保护了上百款可通过 krew 间接装置的插件。接下来将介绍其余几款我日常应用的 kubectl 插件。

example

代码:https://github.com/seredot/ku…

装置 krew install example

example 插件可用于疾速生成 k8s 资源对象的 yaml 文件示例,例如

❯ k example deploy
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-deployment
  labels:
    app: nginx
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: nginx
          image: nginx:1.14.2
          ports:
            - containerPort: 80

当咱们想长期通过资源申明文件不熟利用的时候,能够应用该插件来生成模板。

fleet

代码:https://github.com/kubectl-pl…

装置:krew install fleet

fleet 插件可疾速查看以后配置的集群的概览

❯ k fleet
CLUSTER                                    VERSION         NODES NAMESPACES PROVIDER   API
homek8sc1                                  v1.23.8         3/3   4          ?          https://k8sc1.mengz.lan:6443
api-sandbox-x8i5-p1-openshiftapps-com:6443 v1.23.5+9ce5071 ?     ?          ?          https://api.sandbox.x8i5.p1.openshiftapps.com:6443
minikube                                   v1.22.3         1/1   4          minikube   https://192.168.64.3:8443

get-all

代码:https://github.com/corneliusw…

装置:krew install get-all

get-all 插件获取集群(或者某一个名字空间)的所有资源对象

❯ k get-all -n kube-system
NAME                                                                                     NAMESPACE    AGE
configmap/calico-config                                                                  kube-system  13d  
configmap/coredns                                                                        kube-system  13d  
configmap/extension-apiserver-authentication                                             kube-system  13d  
configmap/kube-proxy                                                                     kube-system  13d  
configmap/kube-root-ca.crt                                                               kube-system  13d  
configmap/kubeadm-config                                                                 kube-system  13d  
configmap/kubelet-config-1.23                                                            kube-system  13d  
endpoints/kube-dns                                                                       kube-system  13d
...

htpasswd

代码:https://github.com/shibumi/ku…

装置:krew install htpasswd

htpasswd 是 nginx-ingress 兼容的根底认证明码生成器

❯ k htpasswd create aaa-basic-auth user1=user1password user2=user2password -o yaml --dry-run
apiVersion: v1
data:
  auth: dXNlcjE6JDJhJDEwJDVNeEJGT3lEUEJYT0xkUldlblNWME91RGtZTzFQOElJNXJuRnh5blpUdC55L2FUUUNDYzJ1CnVzZXIyOiQyYSQxMCRVbFdHOG5NTU4zRGVpOC5GMmVRM3EuYWhxTENYZGtLYUJ1cXZzT3lEOGl0ODJRdU4zV1c1dQ==
kind: Secret
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: null
  name: aaa-basic-auth
  namespace: default
type: Opaque

该插件在为服务创立根底认证的 Ingress 很不便。

images

代码:https://github.com/chenjiando…

装置:krew install images

images 事实名字空间中应用的容器镜像信息

❯ k images
[Summary]: 1 namespaces, 2 pods, 2 containers and 1 different images
+------------------------+---------------+-------------------+
|        PodName         | ContainerName |  ContainerImage   |
+------------------------+---------------+-------------------+
| webapp-98f7444c5-8772w | nginx         | nginx:1.21-alpine |
+------------------------+               +                   +
| webapp-98f7444c5-vsxr9 |               |                   |
+------------------------+---------------+-------------------+

ktop

代码:https://github.com/vladimirvi…

装置:krew install ktop

ktop 插件是以相似 Linux Top 工具的形式来插件 k8s 集群的负载状况

❯ k ktop
┌ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─
│   API server: https://k8sc1.mengz.lan:6443 Version: v1.23.8 context: admin@homek8sc1 User: kubernetes-admin namespace: (all)  metrics: not connected                            v0.3.0  
└ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─
╔ 🌡 Cluster Summary ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═
║ ptime: 13d   Nodes: 3   Namespaces: 4    Pods: 15/15 (20 imgs)     Deployments: 5/5    Sets: replicas 5, daemons 6, stateful 0      Jobs: 0 (cron: 0)    PVs: 0 (0Gi) PVCs: 0 (0Gi)     
║ PU: [|||||||||||] 1600m/6000m (26.7% requested)               Memory: [||] 1Gi/11Gi (2.5% requested)                 
╚ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═ ═
┌ 🏭 Nodes (3) ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  
│   NAME                STATUS   AGE   VERSION   INT/EXT IPs            OS/ARC                      PODS/IMGs    DISK    CPU                               MEM                            
│   homek8sc1-control   Ready    13d   v1.23.8   192.168.0.140/<none>   Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS/amd64    9/10         16Gi    [||||||] 1100m/2000m (55%)    [||] 1Gi/2Gi (13%)     
│   homek8sc1-worker1   Ready    13d   v1.23.8   192.168.0.141/<none>   Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS/amd64    3/5          16Gi    [||] 250m/2000m (12%)     [] 0Gi/5Gi (0%)      
│   homek8sc1-worker2   Ready    13d   v1.23.8   192.168.0.142/<none>   Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS/amd64    3/5          16Gi    [||] 250m/2000m (12%)     [] 0Gi/5Gi (0%)      
│                                                                                                                                                                                         
└ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─
┌ 📦 Pods (15) ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 
│ AMESPACE    POD                                        READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   VOLS   IP              NODE                CPU                       MEMORY                   
│ ube-system  kube-controller-manager-homek8sc1-control  1/1     Running   1          13d   8/8    192.168.0.140   homek8sc1-control   [|] 200m 10.0%   [ ] 0Gi 0.0%    
│ ube-system  kube-proxy-4c9nq                           1/1     Running   2          13d   4/4    192.168.0.141   homek8sc1-worker1   [] 0m 0.0%      [] 0Gi 0.0%    
│ ube-system  kube-proxy-4whcn                           1/1     Running   1          13d   4/4    192.168.0.140   homek8sc1-control   [] 0m 0.0%      [] 0Gi 0.0%    
│ ube-system  kube-proxy-bz8lt                           1/1     Running   3          13d   4/4    192.168.0.142   homek8sc1-worker2   [] 0m 0.0%      [] 0Gi 0.0%    
│ ube-system  kube-scheduler-homek8sc1-control           1/1     Running   1          13d   1/1    192.168.0.140   homek8sc1-control   [|] 100m 5.0%    [ ] 0Gi 0.0%    
└ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─

总结

krew-index 里蕴含了大量功能强大的扩大插件,涵盖了 RBAC 治理,资源管理等性能,这里没法意义列出。不过有了 krew,咱们能够很不便的装置须要的扩大,以在日常工作中进步咱们治理 k8s 集群的的生产力。

参考

  • https://kubernetes.io/docs/ta…
  • https://krew.sigs.k8s.io/docs…

同时公布在 Mengz’s Blog

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