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一. 为什么是 k8s v1.16.0？

最新版的 v1.16.2 试过了，始终无奈装置实现，装置到 kubeadm init 那一步执行后，报了很多错，如：node xxx not found 等。centos7 都重装了几次，还是无奈解决。用了一天都没装置完，差点放弃。起初在网上搜到的装置教程根本都是 v1.16.0 的，我不太置信是 v1.16.2 的坑所以先前没打算降级到 v1.16.0。没方法了就试着装置 v1.16.0 版本，居然胜利了。记录在此，防止后来者踩坑。

本篇文章，装置大步骤如下：

  • 装置 docker-ce 18.09.9（所有机器）
  • 设置 k8s 环境前置条件（所有机器）
  • 装置 k8s v1.16.0 master 治理节点
  • 装置 k8s v1.16.0 node 工作节点
  • 装置 flannel（master）

这里有重要的一步，请记住本人 master 和 node 之间通信的 ip，如我的 master 的 ip 为 192.168.99.104，node 的 ip 为：192.168.99.105. 请确保应用这两个 ip 在 master 和 node 上能相互 ping 通，这个 master 的 ip 192.168.99.104 接下来配置 k8s 的时候须要用到。

我的环境：

  • 操作系统：win10
  • 虚拟机：virtual box
  • linux 发行版：CentOS7
  • linux 内核(应用 uname - r 查看)：3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
  • master 和 node 节点通信的 ip(master)：192.168.99.104

二. 装置 docker-ce 18.09.9（所有机器）

所有装置 k8s 的机器都须要装置 docker，命令如下：

# 装置 docker 所需的工具
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
# 配置阿里云的 docker 源
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
# 指定装置这个版本的 docker-ce
yum install -y docker-ce-18.09.9-3.el7
# 启动 docker
systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker

三. 设置 k8s 环境筹备条件（所有机器）

装置 k8s 的机器须要 2 个 CPU 和 2g 内存以上，这个简略，在虚拟机外面配置一下就能够了。而后执行以下脚本做一些筹备操作。所有装置 k8s 的机器都须要这一步操作。

# 敞开防火墙
systemctl disable firewalld
systemctl stop firewalld
# 敞开 selinux
# 长期禁用 selinux
setenforce 0
# 永恒敞开 批改 /etc/sysconfig/selinux 文件设置
sed -i 's/SELINUX=permissive/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/sysconfig/selinux
sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/config
# 禁用替换分区
swapoff -a
# 永恒禁用，关上 /etc/fstab 正文掉 swap 那一行。sed -i 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab
# 批改内核参数
cat <<EOF >  /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system

四. 装置 k8s v1.16.0 master 治理节点

如果还没装置 docker，请参照本文步骤二装置 docker-ce 18.09.9（所有机器）装置。如果没设置 k8s 环境筹备条件，请参照本文步骤三设置 k8s 环境筹备条件（所有机器）执行。

以上两个步骤查看结束之后，持续以下步骤。

  1. 装置 kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl

因为官网 k8s 源在 google，国内无法访问，这里应用阿里云 yum 源

# 执行配置 k8s 阿里云源
cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
# 装置 kubeadm、kubectl、kubelet
yum install -y kubectl-1.16.0-0 kubeadm-1.16.0-0 kubelet-1.16.0-0
# 启动 kubelet 服务
systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet
  1. 初始化 k8s 以下这个命令开始装置 k8s 须要用到的 docker 镜像，因为无法访问到国外网站，所以这条命令应用的是国内的阿里云的源(registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers)。另一个十分重要的是：这里的 –apiserver-advertise-address 应用的是 master 和 node 间能相互 ping 通的 ip，我这里是 192.168.99.104，刚开始在这里被坑了一个早晨，你请本人批改下 ip 执行。这条命令执行时会卡在[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using ”kubeadm config images pull，大略须要 2 分钟，请急躁期待。
# 下载治理节点中用到的 6 个 docker 镜像，你能够应用 docker images 查看到
# 这里须要大略两分钟期待，会卡在[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using ''kubeadm config images pull
kubeadm init --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --kubernetes-version v1.16.0 --apiserver-advertise-address 192.168.99.104 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --token-ttl 0

下面装置完后，会提醒你输出如下命令，复制粘贴过去，执行即可。

# 下面装置实现后，k8s 会提醒你输出如下命令，执行
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
  1. 记住 node 退出集群的命令 下面 kubeadm init 执行胜利后会返回给你 node 节点退出集群的命令，等会要在 node 节点上执行，须要保留下来，如果遗记了，能够应用如下命令获取。
kubeadm token create --print-join-command

以上，装置 master 节点结束。能够应用 kubectl get nodes 查看一下，此时 master 处于 NotReady 状态，临时不必管。

五. 装置 k8s v1.16.0 node 工作节点

如果还没装置 docker，请参照本文步骤二装置 docker-ce 18.09.9（所有机器）装置。如果没设置 k8s 环境筹备条件，请参照本文步骤三设置 k8s 环境筹备条件（所有机器）执行。

以上两个步骤查看结束之后，持续以下步骤。

  1. 装置 kubeadm、kubelet
# 执行配置 k8s 阿里云源
cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
# 装置 kubeadm、kubectl、kubelet
yum install -y  kubeadm-1.16.0-0 kubelet-1.16.0-0
# 启动 kubelet 服务
systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet
  1. 退出集群 这里退出集群的命令每个人都不一样，能够登录 master 节点，应用 kubeadm token create –print-join-command 来获取。获取后执行如下。
# 退出集群，如果这里不晓得退出集群的命令，能够登录 master 节点，应用 kubeadm token create --print-join-command 来获取
kubeadm join 192.168.99.104:6443 --token ncfrid.7ap0xiseuf97gikl 
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:47783e9851a1a517647f1986225f104e81dbfd8fb256ae55ef6d68ce9334c6a2

退出胜利后，能够在 master 节点上应用 kubectl get nodes 命令查看到退出的节点。

六. 装置 flannel（master 机器）

以上步骤装置完后，机器搭建起来了，但状态还是 NotReady 状态，如下图，master 机器须要装置 flanneld。

  1. 下载官网 fannel 配置文件 应用 wget 命令，地址为：(https://raw.githubusercontent…，这个地址国内拜访不了，所以我把内容复制下来，为了防止后面文章过长，我把它粘贴到文章开端第八个步骤附录了。这个 yml 配置文件中配置了一个国内无法访问的地址(quay.io)，我曾经将其改为国内能够拜访的地址(quay-mirror.qiniu.com)。咱们新建一个 kube-flannel.yml 文件，复制粘贴该内容即可。
  2. 装置 fannel
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

七. 功败垂成

至此，k8s 集群搭建实现，如下图节点已为 Ready 状态，功败垂成，完结撒花。

八. 附录

这是 kube-flannel.yml 文件的内容，曾经将无法访问的地址 (quay.io) 全副改为国内能够拜访的地址(quay-mirror.qiniu.com)。咱们新建一个 kube-flannel.yml 文件，复制粘贴该内容即可。

---
apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
kind: PodSecurityPolicy
metadata:
  name: psp.flannel.unprivileged
  annotations:
    seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: docker/default
    seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: docker/default
    apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: runtime/default
    apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default
spec:
  privileged: false
  volumes:
    - configMap
    - secret
    - emptyDir
    - hostPath
  allowedHostPaths:
    - pathPrefix: "/etc/cni/net.d"
    - pathPrefix: "/etc/kube-flannel"
    - pathPrefix: "/run/flannel"
  readOnlyRootFilesystem: false
  # Users and groups
  runAsUser:
    rule: RunAsAny
  supplementalGroups:
    rule: RunAsAny
  fsGroup:
    rule: RunAsAny
  # Privilege Escalation
  allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
  defaultAllowPrivilegeEscalation: false
  # Capabilities
  allowedCapabilities: ['NET_ADMIN']
  defaultAddCapabilities: []
  requiredDropCapabilities: []
  # Host namespaces
  hostPID: false
  hostIPC: false
  hostNetwork: true
  hostPorts:
  - min: 0
    max: 65535
  # SELinux
  seLinux:
    # SELinux is unused in CaaSP
    rule: 'RunAsAny'
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: flannel
rules:
  - apiGroups: ['extensions']
    resources: ['podsecuritypolicies']
    verbs: ['use']
    resourceNames: ['psp.flannel.unprivileged']
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - pods
    verbs:
      - get
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes
    verbs:
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes/status
    verbs:
      - patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: flannel
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-cfg
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
data:
  cni-conf.json: |
    {
      "name": "cbr0",
      "cniVersion": "0.3.1",
      "plugins": [
        {
          "type": "flannel",
          "delegate": {
            "hairpinMode": true,
            "isDefaultGateway": true
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "portmap",
          "capabilities": {"portMappings": true}
        }
      ]
    }
  net-conf.json: |
    {
      "Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
      "Backend": {"Type": "vxlan"}
    }
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-amd64
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - linux
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - amd64
      hostNetwork: true
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni
        image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
            add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
        - name: run
          hostPath:
            path: /run/flannel
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-arm64
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - linux
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - arm64
      hostNetwork: true
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni
        image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm64
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm64
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
             add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
        - name: run
          hostPath:
            path: /run/flannel
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-arm
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - linux
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - arm
      hostNetwork: true
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni
        image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
             add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
        - name: run
          hostPath:
            path: /run/flannel
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-ppc64le
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - linux
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - ppc64le
      hostNetwork: true
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni
        image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-ppc64le
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-ppc64le
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
             add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
        - name: run
          hostPath:
            path: /run/flannel
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-s390x
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - linux
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - s390x
      hostNetwork: true
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni
        image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-s390x
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-s390x
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
             add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
        - name: run
          hostPath:
            path: /run/flannel
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg

原文：https://www.jianshu.com/p/25c…

正文完
k8s
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2020-11-01
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