关于java:SpringCloud之Zuul

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后面的话 】书接上文,后面曾经讲过了 SpringCloud 的注册核心 Eureka、Ribbon 和 Feign 等等,如果有不分明的也能够去看看我的微服务系列文章。这篇文章我要说的是微服务中的网关。


壹、Zuul 的简介

Zuul 的次要性能是路由转发和过滤器。路由性能是微服务的一部分,比方/api/user 转发到到 user 服务,/api/shop 转发到到 shop 服务。zuul 默认和 Ribbon 联合实现了负载平衡的性能。

zuul 有以下性能:

Authentication
Insights
Stress Testing
Canary Testing
Dynamic Routing
Service Migration
Load Shedding
Security
Static Response handling
Active/Active traffic management

贰、筹备工作

新建一个 feign 子工程 lovin-cloud-zuul,用于前面的操作。上面是次要的 pom 依赖:

<parent>
        <artifactId>lovincloud</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.eelve.lovincloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>lovin-cloud-zuul</artifactId>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>
    <name>lovincloudzuul</name>
    <version>0.0.1</version>
    <description>zuul</description>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.7.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
  • 这里为了平安,我这里还是增加 spring-boot-starter-security,同时配置路由规定发送 /api-ribbon/ 打头开始的服务转发到 lovinribbonclient 而发送 /api-feign/ 打头的服务转发到 lovinfeignclient,能够看出这里是配置相应的路由规定。
server:
  port: 8882   # 服务端口号
spring:
  application:
    name: lovincloudzuul     # 服务名称
  security:
    basic:
      enabled: true
    user:
      name: lovin
      password: ${REGISTRY_SERVER_PASSWORD:lovin}
zuul:
  routes:
    api-ribbon:
      path: /api-ribbon/**
      serviceId: lovinribbonclient
    api-feign:
      path: /api-feign/**
      serviceId: lovinfeignclient
eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://lovin:lovin@localhost:8881/eureka/   # 注册到的 eureka 服务地址
  instance:
    leaseRenewalIntervalInSeconds: 10
    health-check-url-path: /actuator/health
    metadata-map:
      user.name: lovin
      user.password: lovin
  • 配置 spring-boot-starter-security,这里为了不便我这里放开所有申请
package com.eelve.lovin.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;

/**
 * @ClassName WebSecurityConfig
 * @Description TDO
 * @Author zhao.zhilue
 * @Date 2019/8/18 12:17
 * @Version 1.0
 **/
@Configuration
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {http.authorizeRequests().anyRequest().permitAll()
                .and().csrf().disable();}
}
  • 在主类上增加 @EnableZuulProxy,当然也须要注册到注册核心:
package com.eelve.lovin;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy;

/**
 * @ClassName LovinEurekaClientApplication
 * @Description TDO
 * @Author zhao.zhilue
 * @Date 2019/8/15 16:37
 * @Version 1.0
 **/
@EnableZuulProxy
@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class LovinCloudZuulApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(LovinCloudZuulApplication.class,args);
    }
}
  • 这里为了不便测试,这里配置相应的过滤规定:
package com.eelve.lovin.filter;

import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter;
import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext;
import com.netflix.zuul.exception.ZuulException;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.cloud.context.config.annotation.RefreshScope;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

/**
 * @ClassName MyFilter
 * @Description TDO
 * @Author zhao.zhilue
 * @Date 2019/8/18 12:44
 * @Version 1.0
 **/
@Component
@RefreshScope // 应用该注解的类,会在接到 SpringCloud 配置核心配置刷新的时候,主动将新的配置更新到该类对应的字段中。@Slf4j
public class MyFilter extends ZuulFilter {

    @Override
    public String filterType() {return "pre";}

    @Override
    public int filterOrder() {return 0;}

    @Override
    public boolean shouldFilter() {return true;}

    @Override
    public Object run() throws ZuulException {RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
        HttpServletRequest request = ctx.getRequest();
        log.info(String.format("%s >>> %s", request.getMethod(), request.getRequestURL().toString()));
        Object accessToken = request.getParameter("token");
        if(accessToken == null) {log.warn("token is empty");
            ctx.setSendZuulResponse(false);
            ctx.setResponseStatusCode(401);
            try {ctx.getResponse().getWriter().write("token is empty");
            }catch (Exception e){}

            return null;
        }else if(!accessToken.equals("lovin")){log.warn("token is not correct");
            ctx.setSendZuulResponse(false);
            ctx.setResponseStatusCode(403);
            try {ctx.getResponse().getWriter().write("token is not correct");
            }catch (Exception e){}

            return null;
        }
        log.info("ok");
        return null;
    }
}
    filterType:返回一个字符串代表过滤器的类型,在 zuul 中定义了四种不同生命周期的过滤器类型,具体如下:pre:路由之前
        routing:路由之时
        post:路由之后
        error:发送谬误调用
    filterOrder:过滤的程序
    shouldFilter:这里能够写逻辑判断,是否要过滤,本文 true, 永远过滤。run:过滤器的具体逻辑。可用很简单,包含查 sql,nosql 去判断该申请到底有没有权限拜访。

叁、启动测试

  • 顺次启动 eureka 的服务端和两个客户端和 lovin-feign-client、lovin-ribbon-client,以及新建的 lovin-cloud-zuul
  • 而后拜访 http://localhost:8882/api-feign/getHello 和 http://localhost:8882/api-ribbon/hello,而后咱们能够带上 token 拜访来验证过滤器








肆、网络架构

  • 咱们能够看到咱们调用的服务不再是像再上一篇文章中的间接拜访对应的服务,而是通过 feign 的 Ribbon 的负载平衡的去调用的,而且这里阐明一点,Ribbon 的默认机制是轮询。


  • 最初的最初是本博客的源码, 欢送关注这一套 SpringCloud 的实际

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