关于java:SpringBoot核心④Web开发

Web开发

一、简介


应用SpringBoot;

1)、创立SpringBoot利用,选中咱们须要的模块;

2)、SpringBoot曾经默认将这些场景配置好了,只须要在配置文件中指定大量配置就能够运行起来

3)、本人编写业务代码;

主动配置原理

这个场景SpringBoot帮咱们配置了什么?能不能批改?能批改哪些配置?能不能扩大?xxx

 xxxxAutoConfiguration:帮咱们给容器中主动配置组件;
 xxxxProperties:配置类来封装配置文件的内容;
 ​

  1. WebMvcAutoConfiguration
  2. WebMvcProperties
  3. ViewResolver主动配置
  4. 动态资源主动映射
  5. Formatter与Converter主动配置
  6. HttpMessageConverter主动配置
  7. 动态首页
  8. favicon
  9. 错误处理

二、SpringBoot对动态资源的映射规定


ResourceProperties定义了动态资源的拜访门路,还能够设置和动态资源无关的参数,缓存工夫等

 

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.resources", ignoreUnknownFields = false)
 public class ResourceProperties implements ResourceLoaderAware {
  //动态资源的拜访门路
  private static final String[] CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS = { "classpath:/META-INF/resources/",
  "classpath:/resources/", "classpath:/static/", "classpath:/public/" };
 ​
  /**
  * Locations of static resources. Defaults to classpath:[/META-INF/resources/,
  * /resources/, /static/, /public/].
  */
  private String[] staticLocations = CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS;
  
  
  //还能够设置和动态资源无关的参数,缓存工夫等

 

 WebMvcAuotConfiguration:
  @Override
  public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
  if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {
  logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");
  return;
  }
  Integer cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCachePeriod();
  if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
  customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
  registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**")
  .addResourceLocations(
  "classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/")
  .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
  }
  String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();
  //动态资源文件夹映射
  if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {
  customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
  registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern)
  .addResourceLocations(
  this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations())
  .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
  }
  }
 ​
  //配置欢送页映射
  @Bean
  public WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping(
  ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
  return new WelcomePageHandlerMapping(resourceProperties.getWelcomePage(),
  this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern());
  }
 ​
  //配置喜爱的图标
  @Configuration
  @ConditionalOnProperty(value = "spring.mvc.favicon.enabled", matchIfMissing = true)
  public static class FaviconConfiguration {
 ​
  private final ResourceProperties resourceProperties;
 ​
  public FaviconConfiguration(ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
  this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties;
  }
 ​
  @Bean
  public SimpleUrlHandlerMapping faviconHandlerMapping() {
  SimpleUrlHandlerMapping mapping = new SimpleUrlHandlerMapping();
  mapping.setOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 1);
  //所有  **/favicon.ico 
  mapping.setUrlMap(Collections.singletonMap("**/favicon.ico",
  faviconRequestHandler()));
  return mapping;
  }
 ​
  @Bean
  public ResourceHttpRequestHandler faviconRequestHandler() {
  ResourceHttpRequestHandler requestHandler = new ResourceHttpRequestHandler();
  requestHandler
  .setLocations(this.resourceProperties.getFaviconLocations());
  return requestHandler;
  }
 ​
  }

 ​

1)、所有 /webjars/** ,都去 classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/ 找资源;

webjars:以jar包的形式引入动态资源;

webjars官网

localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.js

 <!–引入jquery-webjar–>在拜访的时候只须要写webjars上面资源的名称即可
 

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
  <artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
  <version>3.3.1</version>
  </dependency>

2)、”/**” 拜访以后我的项目的任何资源,都去(动态资源的文件夹)找映射

 

"classpath:/META-INF/resources/", 
 "classpath:/resources/",
 "classpath:/static/", 
 "classpath:/public/" 
 "/":以后我的项目的根门路

localhost:8080/abc:去动态资源文件夹外面找abc

如果想要批改动态资源文件夹门路,能够在properties文件中配置spring.resources.static-locations属性指定,指定之后默认文件夹会生效。

3)、欢送页; 动态资源文件夹下的所有index.html页面;被”/**”映射;

localhost:8080/ 找index页面

4)、所有的 **/favicon.ico 都是在动态资源文件下找(如果替换之后不失效可在浏览器ctrl+f5刷新);
例如:增加jquery的webjars

 `<dependency>
            <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
            
            <artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
            <version>3.4.1</version>
        </dependency>`

例如:增加jquery的webjars

拜访地址对应就是:http://localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.js

三、模板引擎


常见的模板引擎有JSPVelocityFreemarkerThymeleaf

SpringBoot举荐应用Thymeleaf;
语法更简略,性能更弱小;

1、引入thymeleaf


 `<dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
        </dependency>`Copy to clipboardErrorCopied

如需切换thymeleaf版本:

`<properties>

        <thymeleaf.version>X.X.X.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version>

        <!-- 布局性能的反对程序  thymeleaf3主程序  layout2以上版本 -->
        <!-- thymeleaf2   layout1-->
        <thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>2.2.2</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>

  </properties>`Copy to clipboardErrorCopied

Thymeleaf应用

`package org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf;

......

@ConfigurationProperties(
    prefix = "spring.thymeleaf"
)
public class ThymeleafProperties {
    private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING;
    public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/";
    public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html";
    private boolean checkTemplate = true;
    private boolean checkTemplateLocation = true;
    private String prefix = "classpath:/templates/";
    private String suffix = ".html";
    private String mode = "HTML";`Copy to clipboardErrorCopied

默认只有咱们把HTML页面放在classpath:/templates/,thymeleaf就能主动渲染;

应用:

  1. 创立模板文件t1.html,并导入thymeleaf的名称空间

    `<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">`

2、应用thymeleaf语法

(SpringBoot官网文档能够找到)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>胜利!</h1>
    <!--th:text 将div外面的文本内容设置为 -->
    <div th:text="${hello}">这是显示欢送信息</div>
</body>
</html>

3、语法规定


1)、th:text –> 扭转以后元素外面的文本内容;

th:任意html属性 –> 来替换原生属性的值

2)、表达式

Simple expressions:(表达式语法)
    Variable Expressions: ${...}:获取变量值;OGNL;
            1)、获取对象的属性、调用办法
            2)、应用内置的根本对象:
                #ctx : the context object.
                #vars: the context variables.
                #locale : the context locale.
                #request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object.
                #response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object.
                #session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object.
                #servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object.
                
                ${session.foo}
            3)、内置的一些工具对象:
#execInfo : information about the template being processed.
#messages : methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expressions, in the same way as they would be obtained using #{…} syntax.
#uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs
#conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any).
#dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc.
#calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects.
#numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects.
#strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc.
#objects : methods for objects in general.
#bools : methods for boolean evaluation.
#arrays : methods for arrays.
#lists : methods for lists.
#sets : methods for sets.
#maps : methods for maps.
#aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections.
#ids : methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a result of an iteration).

    Selection Variable Expressions: *{...}:抉择表达式:和${}在性能上是一样;
        补充:配合 th:object="${session.user}:
   <div th:object="${session.user}">
    <p>Name: <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p>
    <p>Surname: <span th:text="*{lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p>
    <p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p>
    </div>
    
    Message Expressions: #{...}:获取国际化内容
    Link URL Expressions: @{...}:定义URL;
            @{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType='FAST')}
    Fragment Expressions: ~{...}:片段援用表达式
            <div th:insert="~{commons :: main}">...</div>
            
Literals(字面量)
      Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,…
      Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,…
      Boolean literals: true , false
      Null literal: null
      Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,…
Text operations:(文本操作)
    String concatenation: +
    Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}|
Arithmetic operations:(数学运算)
    Binary operators: + , - , * , / , %
    Minus sign (unary operator): -
Boolean operations:(布尔运算)
    Binary operators: and , or
    Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , not
Comparisons and equality:(比拟运算)
    Comparators: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le )
    Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne )
Conditional operators:条件运算(三元运算符)
    If-then: (if) ? (then)
    If-then-else: (if) ? (then) : (else)
    Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue)
Special tokens:
    No-Operation: _

更多配置参考官网文档:https://www.thymeleaf.org/documentation.html

中文参考书册:https://www.lanzous.com/i7dzr2j

四、SpringMVC主动配置


官网文档

1. Spring MVC auto-configuration

Spring Boot为Spring MVC提供了主动配置,可与大多数应用程序完满配合。

以下是SpringBoot对SpringMVC的默认配置

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcAutoConfiguration

主动配置在Spring的默认值之上增加了以下性能:

  • 蕴含ContentNegotiatingViewResolverBeanNameViewResolver。–> 视图解析器
  • 反对服务动态资源,包含对WebJars的反对(官网文档中有介绍)。–> 动态资源文件夹门路
  • 主动注册ConverterGenericConverterFormatter beans。–> 转换器,格式化器
  • 反对HttpMessageConverters(官网文档中有介绍)。–> SpringMVC用来转换Http申请和响应的;User—Json;
  • 主动注册MessageCodesResolver(官网文档中有介绍)。–> 定义谬误代码生成规定
  • 动态index.html反对。–> 动态首页拜访
  • 定制Favicon反对(官网文档中有介绍)。–> 网站图标
  • 主动应用ConfigurableWebBindingInitializerbean(官网文档中有介绍)。

如果您想保留 Spring Boot MVC 的性能,并且须要增加其余 MVC 配置(拦截器,格式化程序和视图控制器等),能够增加本人的 WebMvcConfigurer 类型的 @Configuration 类,但不能@EnableWebMvc 注解。如果您想自定义 RequestMappingHandlerMappingRequestMappingHandlerAdapter 或者 ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver 实例,能够申明一个 WebMvcRegistrationsAdapter 实例来提供这些组件。

如果您想齐全掌控 Spring MVC,能够增加自定义注解了 @EnableWebMvc 的 @Configuration 配置类。

Spring Boot 主动配置好了SpringMVC

以下是SpringBoot对SpringMVC的默认配置:==(WebMvcAutoConfiguration)==

  • Inclusion of ContentNegotiatingViewResolver and BeanNameViewResolver beans.

    • 主动配置了ViewResolver(视图解析器:依据办法的返回值失去视图对象(View),视图对象决定如何渲染(转发?重定向?))
    • ContentNegotiatingViewResolver:组合所有的视图解析器的;
    • ==如何定制:咱们能够本人给容器中增加一个视图解析器;主动的将其组合进来;==
  • Support for serving static resources, including support for WebJars (see below).动态资源文件夹门路,webjars
  • Static index.html support. 动态首页拜访
  • Custom Favicon support (see below). favicon.ico
  • 主动注册了 of Converter, GenericConverter, Formatter beans.

    • Converter:转换器; public String hello(User user):类型转换应用Converter
    • Formatter 格式化器; 2017.12.17===Date;

  @Bean
  @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = “spring.mvc”, name = “date-format”)//在文件中配置日期格式化的规定
  public Formatter<Date> dateFormatter() {
  return new DateFormatter(this.mvcProperties.getDateFormat());//日期格式化组件
  }

==本人增加的格式化器转换器,咱们只须要放在容器中即可==

  • Support for HttpMessageConverters (see below).

    • HttpMessageConverter:SpringMVC用来转换Http申请和响应的;User—Json;
    • HttpMessageConverters 是从容器中确定;获取所有的HttpMessageConverter;

      ==本人给容器中增加HttpMessageConverter,只须要将本人的组件注册容器中(@Bean,@Component)==

  • Automatic registration of MessageCodesResolver (see below).定义谬误代码生成规定
  • Automatic use of a ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer bean (see below).

    ==咱们能够配置一个ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer来替换默认的;(增加到容器)==

     初始化WebDataBinder;
     申请数据=====JavaBean;

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web:web的所有主动场景;


2、扩大SpringMVC

 

<mvc:view-controller path="/hello" view-name="success"/>
  <mvc:interceptors>
  <mvc:interceptor>
  <mvc:mapping path="/hello"/>
  <bean></bean>
  </mvc:interceptor>
  </mvc:interceptors>

编写一个配置类(@Configuration),实现接口WebMvcConfigurer;不能标注@EnableWebMvc;

既保留了所有的主动配置,也能用咱们扩大的配置;

 

//应用WebMvcConfigurer能够来扩大SpringMVC的性能
 @Configuration
 public class MyMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
  @Override
  public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
  registry.addViewController("/config").setViewName("success");
  }
 }

原理:

1)、WebMvcAutoConfiguration是SpringMVC的主动配置类

2)、在做其余主动配置时会导入;WebMvcAutoConfiguration的外部类中有@Import(EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class)

WebMvcAutoConfiguration的外部类中有@Import(**EnableWebMvcConfiguration**.class)

  @Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
  @Import(EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class)
  @EnableConfigurationProperties({ WebMvcProperties.class, ResourceProperties.class })
  @Order(0)
  public static class WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter implements WebMvcConfigurer {
  
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  @Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
  public static class EnableWebMvcConfiguration extends DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration implements ResourceLoaderAware {
  
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  @Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
 public class DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
 ​
  private final WebMvcConfigurerComposite configurers = new WebMvcConfigurerComposite();
 ​
 ​
  @Autowired(required = false)
  public void setConfigurers(List<WebMvcConfigurer> configurers) {
  if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(configurers)) {
  this.configurers.addWebMvcConfigurers(configurers);
  }
  }
  
  @Override
  protected void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
  this.configurers.addViewControllers(registry);
  }
  
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  
 class WebMvcConfigurerComposite implements WebMvcConfigurer {
 ​
  private final List<WebMvcConfigurer> delegates = new ArrayList<>();
 ​
 ​
  public void addWebMvcConfigurers(List<WebMvcConfigurer> configurers) {
  if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(configurers)) {
  this.delegates.addAll(configurers);
  }
  }
  
  @Override
  public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
  for (WebMvcConfigurer delegate : this.delegates) {
  delegate.addViewControllers(registry);
  }
  }

3)、容器中所有的WebMvcConfigurer都会一起起作用;

4)、咱们的配置类也会被调用;

成果:SpringMVC的主动配置和咱们的扩大配置都会起作用;

3、全面接管SpringMVC;

SpringBoot对SpringMVC的主动配置不须要了,所有都是咱们本人配置;所有的SpringMVC的主动配置都生效了

咱们须要在配置类中增加@EnableWebMvc即可;

 

//应用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter能够来扩大SpringMVC的性能
 @EnableWebMvc
 @Configuration
 public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
 ​
  @Override
  public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
  // super.addViewControllers(registry);
  //浏览器发送 /atguigu 申请来到 success
  registry.addViewController("/atguigu").setViewName("success");
  }
 }

原理:

为什么@EnableWebMvc主动配置就生效了;

1)@EnableWebMvc的外围

 

@Import(DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration.class)
 public @interface EnableWebMvc {

2)、

 

@Configuration
 public class DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {

3)、

 

@Configuration
 @ConditionalOnWebApplication
 @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class,
  WebMvcConfigurerAdapter.class })
 //容器中没有这个组件的时候,这个主动配置类才失效
 @ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class)
 @AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 10)
 @AutoConfigureAfter({ DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class,
  ValidationAutoConfiguration.class })
 public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {

4)、@EnableWebMvc将WebMvcConfigurationSupport组件导入进来;

5)、导入的WebMvcConfigurationSupport只是SpringMVC最根本的性能;

4、如何批改SpringBoot的默认配置


模式:

1)、SpringBoot在主动配置很多组件的时候,先看容器中有没有用户本人配置的(@Bean、@Component)如果有就用用户配置的,如果没有,才主动配置;如果有些组件能够有多个(ViewResolver)将用户配置的和本人默认的组合起来;

2)、在SpringBoot中会有十分多的xxxConfigurer帮忙咱们进行扩大配置 ==

3)、在SpringBoot中会有很多的xxxCustomizer帮忙咱们进行定制配置

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