OAL 基础知识

根本介绍

OAL(Observability Analysis Language) 是一门用来剖析流式数据的语言。

因为 OAL 聚焦于度量 Service、Service Instance 和 Endpoint 的指标，所以它学习和应用起来非常简单。

OAL 基于 altlr 与 javassist 将 oal 脚本转化为动静生成的类文件。

自从 6.3 版本后，OAL 引擎内置在 OAP 服务器中，能够看做 oal-rt(OAL Runtime)。OAL 脚本地位 OAL 配置目录下 (/config/oal )，使用者可能更改脚本并重启失效。留神：OAL 脚本依然是一门编译语言，oal-rt 动静的生成 Java 代码。

如果你配置了环境变量 SW_OAL_ENGINE_DEBUG=Y，能在工作目录下的 oal-rt 目录下找到生成的 Class 文件。

语法

// 申明一个指标
METRICS_NAME = from(SCOPE.(* | [FIELD][,FIELD ...])) // 从某一个 SCOPE 中获取数据
[.filter(FIELD OP [INT | STRING])] // 能够过滤掉局部数据
.FUNCTION([PARAM][, PARAM ...]) // 应用某个聚合函数将数据聚合
 
// 禁用一个指标
disable(METRICS_NAME);

语法案例

oap-server/server-bootstrap/src/main/resources/oal/java-agent.oal 

// 从 ServiceInstanceJVMMemory 的 used 获取数据，只须要 heapStatus 为 true 的数据，并取 long 型的平均值
instance_jvm_memory_heap = from(ServiceInstanceJVMMemory.used).filter(heapStatus == true).longAvg();

org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.core.source.ServiceInstanceJVMMemory 

@ScopeDeclaration(id = SERVICE_INSTANCE_JVM_MEMORY, name = "ServiceInstanceJVMMemory", catalog = SERVICE_INSTANCE_CATALOG_NAME)
@ScopeDefaultColumn.VirtualColumnDefinition(fieldName = "entityId", columnName = "entity_id", isID = true, type = String.class)
public class ServiceInstanceJVMMemory extends Source {
    @Override
    public int scope() {return DefaultScopeDefine.SERVICE_INSTANCE_JVM_MEMORY;}
 
    @Override
    public String getEntityId() {return String.valueOf(id);
    }
 
    @Getter @Setter
    private String id;
    @Getter @Setter @ScopeDefaultColumn.DefinedByField(columnName = "name", requireDynamicActive = true)
    private String name;
    @Getter @Setter @ScopeDefaultColumn.DefinedByField(columnName = "service_name", requireDynamicActive = true)
    private String serviceName;
    @Getter @Setter @ScopeDefaultColumn.DefinedByField(columnName = "service_id")
    private String serviceId;
    @Getter @Setter
    private boolean heapStatus;
    @Getter @Setter
    private long init;
    @Getter @Setter
    private long max;
    @Getter @Setter
    private long used;
    @Getter @Setter
    private long committed;
}

可供参考的官网文档：Observability Analysis Language

从一个案例开始剖析 OAL 原理

短少的类加载信息监控

默认的 APM/Instance 页面，短少对于 JVM Class 的信息（如下图所示），故这次将相干信息补齐。由这次案例来剖析 OAL 的原理。

在 Skywalking-04：扩大 Metric 监控信息 中，讲到了如何在已有 Source 类的状况下，减少一些指标。

这次间接连 Source 类以及 OAL 词法语法关键字都本人定义。

可供参考的官网文档：Source and Scope extension for new metrics

确定减少的指标

通过 Java ManagementFactory 解析这篇文章，能够确定监控指标为“以后加载类的数量”、“已卸载类的数量”、“一共加载类的数量”三个指标

ClassLoadingMXBean classLoadingMXBean = ManagementFactory.getClassLoadingMXBean();
// 以后加载类的数量
int loadedClassCount = classLoadingMXBean.getLoadedClassCount();
// 已卸载类的数量
long unloadedClassCount = classLoadingMXBean.getUnloadedClassCount();
// 一共加载类的数量
long totalLoadedClassCount = classLoadingMXBean.getTotalLoadedClassCount();

定义 agent 与 oap server 通信类

在 apm-protocol/apm-network/src/main/proto/language-agent/JVMMetric.proto 协定文件中减少如下定义。

在 apm-protocol/apm-network 目录下执行 mvn clean package -DskipTests=true 会生成新的相干 Java 类，org.apache.skywalking.apm.network.language.agent.v3.Class 该类就是咱们在代码中实际操作的类。

message Class {
  int64 loadedClassCount = 1;
  int64 unloadedClassCount = 3;
  int64 totalLoadedClassCount = 2;
}
 
message JVMMetric {
    int64 time = 1;
    CPU cpu = 2;
    repeated Memory memory = 3;
    repeated MemoryPool memoryPool = 4;
    repeated GC gc = 5;
    Thread thread = 6;
    // 在 JVM 指标中增加 Class 的定义
    Class clazz = 7;
}

收集 agent 的信息后，将信息发送至 oap server 

收集 Class 相干的指标信息

package org.apache.skywalking.apm.agent.core.jvm.clazz;
 
import org.apache.skywalking.apm.network.language.agent.v3.Class;
 
import java.lang.management.ClassLoadingMXBean;
import java.lang.management.ManagementFactory;
 
public enum ClassProvider {
    /**
     * instance
     */
    INSTANCE;
 
    private final ClassLoadingMXBean classLoadingMXBean;
 
    ClassProvider() {this.classLoadingMXBean = ManagementFactory.getClassLoadingMXBean();
    }
    
    // 构建 class 的指标信息
    public Class getClassMetrics() {int loadedClassCount = classLoadingMXBean.getLoadedClassCount();
        long unloadedClassCount = classLoadingMXBean.getUnloadedClassCount();
        long totalLoadedClassCount = classLoadingMXBean.getTotalLoadedClassCount();
        return Class.newBuilder().setLoadedClassCount(loadedClassCount)
                .setUnloadedClassCount(unloadedClassCount)
                .setTotalLoadedClassCount(totalLoadedClassCount)
                .build();}
 
}

在 org.apache.skywalking.apm.agent.core.jvm.JVMService#run 办法中，将 class 相干指标设置到 JVM 指标类中

    @Override
    public void run() {long currentTimeMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
        try {JVMMetric.Builder jvmBuilder = JVMMetric.newBuilder();
            jvmBuilder.setTime(currentTimeMillis);
            jvmBuilder.setCpu(CPUProvider.INSTANCE.getCpuMetric());
            jvmBuilder.addAllMemory(MemoryProvider.INSTANCE.getMemoryMetricList());
            jvmBuilder.addAllMemoryPool(MemoryPoolProvider.INSTANCE.getMemoryPoolMetricsList());
            jvmBuilder.addAllGc(GCProvider.INSTANCE.getGCList());
            jvmBuilder.setThread(ThreadProvider.INSTANCE.getThreadMetrics());
            // 设置 class 的指标
            jvmBuilder.setClazz(ClassProvider.INSTANCE.getClassMetrics());
            // 将 JVM 的指标放在阻塞队列中
            // org.apache.skywalking.apm.agent.core.jvm.JVMMetricsSender#run 办法，会将相干信息发送至 oap server
            sender.offer(jvmBuilder.build());
        } catch (Exception e) {LOGGER.error(e, "Collect JVM info fail.");
        }
    }

创立 Source 类

public class DefaultScopeDefine {
    public static final int SERVICE_INSTANCE_JVM_CLASS = 11000;
 
    /** Catalog of scope, the metrics processor could use this to group all generated metrics by oal rt. */
    public static final String SERVICE_INSTANCE_CATALOG_NAME = "SERVICE_INSTANCE";
}

package org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.core.source;
 
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;
 
import static org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.core.source.DefaultScopeDefine.SERVICE_INSTANCE_CATALOG_NAME;
import static org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.core.source.DefaultScopeDefine.SERVICE_INSTANCE_JVM_CLASS;
 
@ScopeDeclaration(id = SERVICE_INSTANCE_JVM_CLASS, name = "ServiceInstanceJVMClass", catalog = SERVICE_INSTANCE_CATALOG_NAME)
@ScopeDefaultColumn.VirtualColumnDefinition(fieldName = "entityId", columnName = "entity_id", isID = true, type = String.class)
public class ServiceInstanceJVMClass extends Source {
    @Override
    public int scope() {return SERVICE_INSTANCE_JVM_CLASS;}
 
    @Override
    public String getEntityId() {return String.valueOf(id);
    }
 
    @Getter @Setter
    private String id;
    @Getter @Setter @ScopeDefaultColumn.DefinedByField(columnName = "name", requireDynamicActive = true)
    private String name;
    @Getter @Setter @ScopeDefaultColumn.DefinedByField(columnName = "service_name", requireDynamicActive = true)
    private String serviceName;
    @Getter @Setter @ScopeDefaultColumn.DefinedByField(columnName = "service_id")
    private String serviceId;
    @Getter @Setter
    private long loadedClassCount;
    @Getter @Setter
    private long unloadedClassCount;
    @Getter @Setter
    private long totalLoadedClassCount;
}

将从 agent 获取到的信息，发送至 SourceReceive

在 org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.analyzer.provider.jvm.JVMSourceDispatcher 进行如下批改

    public void sendMetric(String service, String serviceInstance, JVMMetric metrics) {long minuteTimeBucket = TimeBucket.getMinuteTimeBucket(metrics.getTime());
 
        final String serviceId = IDManager.ServiceID.buildId(service, NodeType.Normal);
        final String serviceInstanceId = IDManager.ServiceInstanceID.buildId(serviceId, serviceInstance);
 
        this.sendToCpuMetricProcess(service, serviceId, serviceInstance, serviceInstanceId, minuteTimeBucket, metrics.getCpu());
        this.sendToMemoryMetricProcess(service, serviceId, serviceInstance, serviceInstanceId, minuteTimeBucket, metrics.getMemoryList());
        this.sendToMemoryPoolMetricProcess(service, serviceId, serviceInstance, serviceInstanceId, minuteTimeBucket, metrics.getMemoryPoolList());
        this.sendToGCMetricProcess(service, serviceId, serviceInstance, serviceInstanceId, minuteTimeBucket, metrics.getGcList());
        this.sendToThreadMetricProcess(service, serviceId, serviceInstance, serviceInstanceId, minuteTimeBucket, metrics.getThread());
        // class 指标解决
        this.sendToClassMetricProcess(service, serviceId, serviceInstance, serviceInstanceId, minuteTimeBucket, metrics.getClazz());
    }
 
    private void sendToClassMetricProcess(String service,
            String serviceId,
            String serviceInstance,
            String serviceInstanceId,
            long timeBucket,
            Class clazz) {
        // 拼装 Source 对象
        ServiceInstanceJVMClass serviceInstanceJVMClass = new ServiceInstanceJVMClass();
        serviceInstanceJVMClass.setId(serviceInstanceId);
        serviceInstanceJVMClass.setName(serviceInstance);
        serviceInstanceJVMClass.setServiceId(serviceId);
        serviceInstanceJVMClass.setServiceName(service);
        serviceInstanceJVMClass.setLoadedClassCount(clazz.getLoadedClassCount());
        serviceInstanceJVMClass.setUnloadedClassCount(clazz.getUnloadedClassCount());
        serviceInstanceJVMClass.setTotalLoadedClassCount(clazz.getTotalLoadedClassCount());
        serviceInstanceJVMClass.setTimeBucket(timeBucket);
        // 将 Source 对象发送至 SourceReceive 进行解决
        sourceReceiver.receive(serviceInstanceJVMClass);
    }

在 OAL 词法定义和语法定义中退出 Source 相干信息

在 oap-server/oal-grammar/src/main/antlr4/org/apache/skywalking/oal/rt/grammar/OALLexer.g4 定义 Class 关键字

// Keywords
 
FROM: 'from';
FILTER: 'filter';
DISABLE: 'disable';
SRC_ALL: 'All';
SRC_SERVICE: 'Service';
SRC_SERVICE_INSTANCE: 'ServiceInstance';
SRC_ENDPOINT: 'Endpoint';
SRC_SERVICE_RELATION: 'ServiceRelation';
SRC_SERVICE_INSTANCE_RELATION: 'ServiceInstanceRelation';
SRC_ENDPOINT_RELATION: 'EndpointRelation';
SRC_SERVICE_INSTANCE_JVM_CPU: 'ServiceInstanceJVMCPU';
SRC_SERVICE_INSTANCE_JVM_MEMORY: 'ServiceInstanceJVMMemory';
SRC_SERVICE_INSTANCE_JVM_MEMORY_POOL: 'ServiceInstanceJVMMemoryPool';
SRC_SERVICE_INSTANCE_JVM_GC: 'ServiceInstanceJVMGC';
SRC_SERVICE_INSTANCE_JVM_THREAD: 'ServiceInstanceJVMThread';
SRC_SERVICE_INSTANCE_JVM_CLASS:'ServiceInstanceJVMClass'; // 在 OAL 词法定义中增加 Class 的关键字
SRC_DATABASE_ACCESS: 'DatabaseAccess';
SRC_SERVICE_INSTANCE_CLR_CPU: 'ServiceInstanceCLRCPU';
SRC_SERVICE_INSTANCE_CLR_GC: 'ServiceInstanceCLRGC';
SRC_SERVICE_INSTANCE_CLR_THREAD: 'ServiceInstanceCLRThread';
SRC_ENVOY_INSTANCE_METRIC: 'EnvoyInstanceMetric';

在 oap-server/oal-grammar/src/main/antlr4/org/apache/skywalking/oal/rt/grammar/OALParser.g4 增加 Class 关键字

source
    : SRC_ALL | SRC_SERVICE | SRC_DATABASE_ACCESS | SRC_SERVICE_INSTANCE | SRC_ENDPOINT |
      SRC_SERVICE_RELATION | SRC_SERVICE_INSTANCE_RELATION | SRC_ENDPOINT_RELATION |
      SRC_SERVICE_INSTANCE_JVM_CPU | SRC_SERVICE_INSTANCE_JVM_MEMORY | SRC_SERVICE_INSTANCE_JVM_MEMORY_POOL | 
      SRC_SERVICE_INSTANCE_JVM_GC | SRC_SERVICE_INSTANCE_JVM_THREAD | SRC_SERVICE_INSTANCE_JVM_CLASS |// 在 OAL 语法定义中增加词法定义中定义的关键字
      SRC_SERVICE_INSTANCE_CLR_CPU | SRC_SERVICE_INSTANCE_CLR_GC | SRC_SERVICE_INSTANCE_CLR_THREAD |
      SRC_ENVOY_INSTANCE_METRIC |
      SRC_BROWSER_APP_PERF | SRC_BROWSER_APP_PAGE_PERF | SRC_BROWSER_APP_SINGLE_VERSION_PERF |
      SRC_BROWSER_APP_TRAFFIC | SRC_BROWSER_APP_PAGE_TRAFFIC | SRC_BROWSER_APP_SINGLE_VERSION_TRAFFIC
    ;

在 oap-server/oal-grammar 目录下执行 mvn clean package -DskipTests=true 会生成新的相干 Java 类

定义 OAL 指标

在 oap-server/server-bootstrap/src/main/resources/oal/java-agent.oal 中增加基于 OAL 语法的 Class 相干指标定义

// 以后加载类的数量
instance_jvm_class_loaded_class_count = from(ServiceInstanceJVMClass.loadedClassCount).longAvg();
// 已卸载类的数量
instance_jvm_class_unloaded_class_count = from(ServiceInstanceJVMClass.unloadedClassCount).longAvg();
// 一共加载类的数量
instance_jvm_class_total_loaded_class_count = from(ServiceInstanceJVMClass.totalLoadedClassCount).longAvg();

配置 UI 面板

将如下界面配置导入 APM 面板中

{
  "name": "Instance",
  "children": [{
      "width": "3",
      "title": "Service Instance Load",
      "height": "250",
      "entityType": "ServiceInstance",
      "independentSelector": false,
      "metricType": "REGULAR_VALUE",
      "metricName": "service_instance_cpm",
      "queryMetricType": "readMetricsValues",
      "chartType": "ChartLine",
      "unit": "CPM - calls per minute"
    },
    {
      "width": 3,
      "title": "Service Instance Throughput",
      "height": "250",
      "entityType": "ServiceInstance",
      "independentSelector": false,
      "metricType": "REGULAR_VALUE",
      "metricName": "service_instance_throughput_received,service_instance_throughput_sent",
      "queryMetricType": "readMetricsValues",
      "chartType": "ChartLine",
      "unit": "Bytes"
    },
    {
      "width": "3",
      "title": "Service Instance Successful Rate",
      "height": "250",
      "entityType": "ServiceInstance",
      "independentSelector": false,
      "metricType": "REGULAR_VALUE",
      "metricName": "service_instance_sla",
      "queryMetricType": "readMetricsValues",
      "chartType": "ChartLine",
      "unit": "%",
      "aggregation": "/",
      "aggregationNum": "100"
    },
    {
      "width": "3",
      "title": "Service Instance Latency",
      "height": "250",
      "entityType": "ServiceInstance",
      "independentSelector": false,
      "metricType": "REGULAR_VALUE",
      "metricName": "service_instance_resp_time",
      "queryMetricType": "readMetricsValues",
      "chartType": "ChartLine",
      "unit": "ms"
    },
    {
      "width": 3,
      "title": "JVM CPU (Java Service)",
      "height": "250",
      "entityType": "ServiceInstance",
      "independentSelector": false,
      "metricType": "REGULAR_VALUE",
      "metricName": "instance_jvm_cpu",
      "queryMetricType": "readMetricsValues",
      "chartType": "ChartLine",
      "unit": "%",
      "aggregation": "+",
      "aggregationNum": ""
    },
    {
      "width": 3,
      "title": "JVM Memory (Java Service)",
      "height": "250",
      "entityType": "ServiceInstance",
      "independentSelector": false,
      "metricType": "REGULAR_VALUE",
      "metricName": "instance_jvm_memory_heap, instance_jvm_memory_heap_max,instance_jvm_memory_noheap, instance_jvm_memory_noheap_max",
      "queryMetricType": "readMetricsValues",
      "chartType": "ChartLine",
      "unit": "MB",
      "aggregation": "/",
      "aggregationNum": "1048576"
    },
    {
      "width": 3,
      "title": "JVM GC Time",
      "height": "250",
      "entityType": "ServiceInstance",
      "independentSelector": false,
      "metricType": "REGULAR_VALUE",
      "metricName": "instance_jvm_young_gc_time, instance_jvm_old_gc_time",
      "queryMetricType": "readMetricsValues",
      "chartType": "ChartLine",
      "unit": "ms"
    },
    {
      "width": 3,
      "title": "JVM GC Count",
      "height": "250",
      "entityType": "ServiceInstance",
      "independentSelector": false,
      "metricType": "REGULAR_VALUE",
      "queryMetricType": "readMetricsValues",
      "chartType": "ChartBar",
      "metricName": "instance_jvm_young_gc_count, instance_jvm_old_gc_count"
    },
    {
      "width": 3,
      "title": "JVM Thread Count (Java Service)",
      "height": "250",
      "entityType": "ServiceInstance",
      "independentSelector": false,
      "metricType": "REGULAR_VALUE",
      "queryMetricType": "readMetricsValues",
      "chartType": "ChartLine",
      "metricName": "instance_jvm_thread_live_count, instance_jvm_thread_daemon_count, instance_jvm_thread_peak_count,instance_jvm_thread_deadlocked,instance_jvm_thread_monitor_deadlocked"
    },
    {
      "width": 3,
      "title": "JVM Thread State Count (Java Service)",
      "height": "250",
      "entityType": "ServiceInstance",
      "independentSelector": false,
      "metricType": "REGULAR_VALUE",
      "metricName": "instance_jvm_thread_new_thread_count,instance_jvm_thread_runnable_thread_count,instance_jvm_thread_blocked_thread_count,instance_jvm_thread_wait_thread_count,instance_jvm_thread_time_wait_thread_count,instance_jvm_thread_terminated_thread_count",
      "queryMetricType": "readMetricsValues",
      "chartType": "ChartBar"
    },
    {
      "width": 3,
      "title": "JVM Class Count (Java Service)",
      "height": "250",
      "entityType": "ServiceInstance",
      "independentSelector": false,
      "metricType": "REGULAR_VALUE",
      "metricName": "instance_jvm_class_loaded_class_count,instance_jvm_class_unloaded_class_count,instance_jvm_class_total_loaded_class_count",
      "queryMetricType": "readMetricsValues",
      "chartType": "ChartArea"
    },
    {
      "width": 3,
      "title": "CLR CPU  (.NET Service)",
      "height": "250",
      "entityType": "ServiceInstance",
      "independentSelector": false,
      "metricType": "REGULAR_VALUE",
      "metricName": "instance_clr_cpu",
      "queryMetricType": "readMetricsValues",
      "chartType": "ChartLine",
      "unit": "%"
    },
    {
      "width": 3,
      "title": "CLR GC (.NET Service)",
      "height": "250",
      "entityType": "ServiceInstance",
      "independentSelector": false,
      "metricType": "REGULAR_VALUE",
      "metricName": "instance_clr_gen0_collect_count, instance_clr_gen1_collect_count, instance_clr_gen2_collect_count",
      "queryMetricType": "readMetricsValues",
      "chartType": "ChartBar"
    },
    {
      "width": 3,
      "title": "CLR Heap Memory (.NET Service)",
      "height": "250",
      "entityType": "ServiceInstance",
      "independentSelector": false,
      "metricType": "REGULAR_VALUE",
      "metricName": "instance_clr_heap_memory",
      "queryMetricType": "readMetricsValues",
      "chartType": "ChartLine",
      "unit": "MB",
      "aggregation": "/",
      "aggregationNum": "1048576"
    },
    {
      "width": 3,
      "title": "CLR Thread (.NET Service)",
      "height": "250",
      "entityType": "ServiceInstance",
      "independentSelector": false,
      "metricType": "REGULAR_VALUE",
      "queryMetricType": "readMetricsValues",
      "chartType": "ChartLine",
      "metricName": "instance_clr_available_completion_port_threads,instance_clr_available_worker_threads,instance_clr_max_completion_port_threads,instance_clr_max_worker_threads"
    }
  ]
}

后果校验

能够看到导入的界面中，曾经有 Class 相干指标了

代码奉献

• Add some new thread metric and class metric to JVMMetric #7230
• add some new thread metric and class metric to JVMMetric #52
• Remove Terminated State and New State in JVMMetric (#7230) #53
• Add some new thread metric and class metric to JVMMetric (#7230) #7243

参考文档

• Observability Analysis Language
• Source and Scope extension for new metrics
• Java ManagementFactory 解析

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