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每个公司都青睐精通多种编程语言并且多才多艺的程序员。一个既能很麻利地写脚本，也能编写简单的 Java 程序的程序员，的确相当有价值。所以实际上，对于高级开发者来说，学习不止一种编程语言，简直就是必然的要求。
目前而言，面试官越来越看重那些领有多种编程语言教训的工程师。比方，同时有 C ++ 和 Java 的教训就很不错，Python 和 Java 也是。我集体喜爱那些在 C ++ 或者 Java 方面有着丰盛教训，而且能用 Groovy、Perl 或 Python 写脚本的软件工程师。
很多时候，写一个小脚本就足以疾速搞定一些专有工作。我不想我的程序员们花上一整天用 Java 去写一个读取 CSV 文件的程序，或者在 TCP/UDP 端口抓取信息的程序，这是很浪费时间的一件事件。
为什么我在文章中抉择上面 5 种语言呢？简略理论。我是基于这些语言的用处、编程范式和风行度及代表性来抉择的。
例如，如果你想找一份利用开发的工作，就不能漠视 Java。同样，做与 web 相干的事件，就得晓得无处不在的 JavaScript。
在开发者职业生涯的晚期，我强烈建议学习 C 语言。它能帮忙开发者贴近零碎底层，通晓那些编程的要害概念，这是暗藏在 JVM 或 CLR 底下的货色。
对于脚本语言，我的抉择是 Python，只管你也可用 Perl 或 Groovy 代替。但在扩大反对方面来看，Python 的体现无疑是最棒的。有很多 Python 模块可供选择，帮你能分分种搞定各种工作。
学习一种面向对象的语言的同时，也学习一种像 Haskell 或 Scala 这样的函数式编程语言，这能拓展你的思维和编程认知。你能够在本文找到学习这 5 种语言的更多理由。
言归正传，上面就是我列出的 5 种每个程序员或软件开发者都该尝试学习的编程语言。
它蕴含了语言的大杂烩，比方 [面向对象的] 语言，函数式的语言，脚本语言，提供了对底层的管制，也涵盖了宽泛用于服务端开发的语言。
JavaJava 是近二十年来最风行的语言之一。它统治着寰球的服务端利用开发，同时在基于 Anroid 开发的挪动利用市场，以及企业 web 开发畛域，也占有相当一部分比重。
Java 最后的构想是一次编写各种平台均能运行（write once run anywhere）。随着工夫的推移，它的确做到了运行在各个平台的各个角落。
你应该学习应用 Java 构建强壮的、可扩大的服务端利用。你能够用 Java 构建多种复杂度的工程。与之相伴的，有很棒的工具、技术和社区反对。
为什么你应该学 Java 呢？你会学到如果专一于利用层面和代码构造的设计，而不必关怀特定零碎的细节和内存治理。JVM 帮你搞定了前面这些。
Java 被许多世界上的大型组织所应用。而且可能向泛滥用户展现你用 Java 开发的 Android 利用。
Python
在寰球范畴的学校和院系，Python 是传授最多的语言之一。在美国，许多学术课程中，Python 曾经取代了 Java 成为接触编程的首选语言。你将从学习 Python 中失去什么呢？——那将十分多。
Python 既能用于写脚本，也能作为一种面向对象的语言编写大型工程。
许多风行的网站，比方 Reddit，就应用基于 Python 的框架来构建，比方 Django。近段时间，许多大型组织也转向应用基于 Python 的框架了。
Python 也越来越多地用于像机器学习、人工智能、数据迷信这样的新一代技术中。这也难怪，因为有基于 Python 的十分棒的机器学习库，比方 TensorFlow、Scikit-Learn 以及其余。
我集体倒是在用 Python 写脚本。这能很快地实现一些有用的事件，比方，你能够用 Python 花 5 分钟写一个 UDP 音讯的监听器，相比拟，用 Java 可能就要花 20 分钟。
忘掉“编译、打包，而后能力应用”这些步骤。你能够间接为特定工作编写 Python 脚本。
JavaScript 你能够用 Java 代替 C ++，用 Pythont 代替 Ruby，然而，坦率地讲，以后没有 JavaScript 的替代品。在最近 5 年，JavaScript 齐全统治了世界。
它不再仅仅是客户端脚本语言。有了 Node.js 这样的库，和 Angular、React 这样的框架，你能够在服务端做用户界面的开发。
JavaScript 的巨大成功，有一部分要归功于 jQuery。它真正扭转了人们在客户端应用 JavaScript 的形式。
作为一个在工作中应用 JSP 和开发基于 Servlet 的利用的程序员，我有许多机会同时应用 jQuery 和 JavaScript。
有了此语言的常识，能够帮忙咱们决定哪些性能应该在服务端实现，哪些该在客户端实现。比方，许多服务端的校验逻辑，就被咱们迁徙到了客户端。
C / C++
如果不晓得 C 或 C ++，你就不能成为真正的程序员。这听起来有点刻薄，然而我的经验之谈。
理解 C 的工程师或者开发者，就是比不理解 C 的程序员要优良。这可不是简略的偶合。
这是你必须要理解的编程语言之一。我在求学期间学习的 C 语言，并在那时学到了对于编程的许多要害概念，比方构造体、数组、指针、内存治理等等。
C 依然是操作系统编程方面最受欢迎的语言，并且在这两年，给排名榜首的 Java 带来了强劲地冲击。直至往年，超过了 Java，排在了编程语言排行榜的第一位！
它同样是最古老的支流语言之一，曾经存在了近五十年。
C++ 和 C 很像，都容许你为零碎和驱动编写底层代码。如果你想学习 C ++ 而不是 C，可看看我为老手列出的 C ++ 学习路线。
ScalaScala 是基于过来 20 年来的最佳实际而发明的语言。它是一种函数式编程语言，提供了一种跟面向对象语言不同的编程范式。这能改良你的思维和代码认知。
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尽管有许多函数式编程可供选择，比方 Haskell。我抉择 Scala，因为作为一名 Java 开发者，我发现学习 Scala 比 Haskell 更容易。
有人也能够把学习 Haskell 当作一个挑战。然而从理论的角度讲，我认为学习 Scala 对于 Java 开发者来说更有意义。
对于 C ++ 程序员，学习 Haskell 可能更正当。坦白讲，你能够抉择任何一门函数式编程语言，但请抉择一门有商业需要的比拟好。
