关于javascript:从零搭建-React-开发环境

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前言

大略在 2019 年,本人搭建 React 开发环境的想法萌芽,到目前为止,公司的很多我的项目上,也在应用中,比较稳定。为什么要本人造轮子?起初是因为本人并不称心市面上的脚手架。另外,造轮子对于本人也有一些技术上的帮忙,学他人二次封装的货色,不如间接应用底层的库,这样也有助于本人零碎的学习一遍常识,废话不多说,间接进入注释,如何搭建本人的开发环境。

初始化

创立文件夹并进入:

$ mkdir tristana && cd tristana

初始化 package.json

$ npm init

装置 Webpack

$ npm install webpack webpack-cli --save-dev

创立以下目录构造、文件和内容:

project

tristana
|- package.json
|- /dist
|- index.html
|- /script
|- webpack.config.js
|- index.html
|- /src
|- index.js

src/index.js

document.getElementById("root").append("React");

index.html && dist/index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title>tristana</title>
</head>
<body>
<script src="../src/index.js"></script>
<div id="root"></div>
</body>
</html>

script/webpack.config.js

module.exports = {
mode: "development",
entry: "./src/index.js",
};

package.json

{
// ...
"scripts": {"build": "webpack --mode=development --config script/webpack.config.js"},
}

而后根目录终端输出:npm run build

在浏览器中关上 dist 目录下的 index.html,如果一切正常,你应该能看到以下文本:'React'

index.html 目前放在 dist 目录下,但它是手动创立的,上面会教你如何生成 index.html 而非手动编辑它。

Webpack 外围性能

Babel

$ npm install @babel/cli @babel/core babel-loader @babel/preset-env --save-dev

script/webpack.config.js

module.exports = {
// ...
module: {
rules: [
{test: /\.(js|jsx)$/,
loader: "babel-loader",
exclude: /node_modules/,
},
],
},
};

.babelrc

在根目录下增加 .babelrc 文件:

{"presets": ["@babel/preset-env", "@babel/preset-react"]
}

款式

$ npm install style-loader css-loader less less-loader --save-dev

script/webpack.config.js

module.exports = {
// ...
module: {
rules: [
{test: /\.(css|less)$/,
use: [
{loader: "style-loader",},
{
loader: "css-loader",
options: {importLoaders: 1,},
},
{
loader: "less-loader",
lessOptions: {javascriptEnabled: true,},
},
],
},
],
},
};

图片字体

$ npm install file-loader --save-dev

script/webpack.config.js

module.exports = {
// ...
module: {
rules: [
{test: /\.(png|svg|jpg|gif|jpeg)$/,
loader: 'file-loader'
},
{test: /\.(woff|woff2|eot|ttf|otf)$/,
loader: 'file-loader'
}
],
},
};

HTML

$ npm install html-webpack-plugin --save-dev

script/webpack.config.js

const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');
module.exports = {
// ...
plugins: {
html: new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
title: 'tristana',
template: 'public/index.html'
}),
}
};

index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title>tristana</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="root"></div>
</body>
</html>

开发服务

$ npm install webpack-dev-server --save-dev

script/webpack.config.js

const path = require("path");
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');
module.exports = {
// ...
devServer: {contentBase: path.resolve(__dirname, "dist"),
hot: true,
historyApiFallback: true,
compress: true,
},
};

package.json

{
// ...
"scripts": {"start": "webpack serve --mode=development --config script/webpack.config.js"},
// ...
}

清理 dist

$ npm install clean-webpack-plugin --save-dev

script/webpack.config.js

const {CleanWebpackPlugin} = require('clean-webpack-plugin');
module.exports = {
// ...
plugins: {new CleanWebpackPlugin()
}
};

Tips

因为 webpack 应用的是 ^5.21.2 版本,在应用该插件时,会提醒 clean-webpack-plugin: options.output.path not defined. Plugin disabled...,临时还未解决。

环境变量

$ npm install cross-env --save-dev

package.json

{
// ...
"scripts": {
"start": "cross-env ENV_LWD=development webpack serve --mode=development --config script/webpack.config.js",
"build": "cross-env ENV_LWD=production webpack --mode=production --config script/webpack.config.js"
},
// ...
}

.jsx 文件

装置依赖

$ npm install @babel/preset-react react react-dom --save-dev

.babelrc

{"presets": ["@babel/preset-env", "@babel/preset-react"]
}

src/App.jsx

src 目录下,新增 App.jsx 文件:

import React, {Component} from "react";
class App extends Component {render() {
return (
<div>
<h1> Hello, World! </h1>
</div>
);
}
}
export default App;

src/index.js

import React from "react";
import ReactDOM from "react-dom";
import App from "./App.jsx";
ReactDOM.render(<App />, document.getElementById("root"));

React Router

装置依赖

$ npm install react-router history --save

src/index.js

import React from "react";
import ReactDOM from "react-dom";
import {Router, Route, Link} from "react-router";
import {createBrowserHistory} from "history";
import App from "./App.jsx";
const About = () => {return <>About</>;};
ReactDOM.render(<Router history={createBrowserHistory()}>
<Route path="/" component={App} />
<Route path="/about" component={About} />
</Router>,
document.getElementById("root")
);

MobX

装置依赖

$ npm install mobx mobx-react babel-preset-mobx --save

.babelrc

{"presets": ["@babel/preset-env", "@babel/preset-react", "mobx"]
}

src/store.js

src 目录下新建 store.js

import {observable, action, makeObservable} from "mobx";
class Store {constructor() {makeObservable(this);
}
@observable
count = 0;
@action("add")
add = () => {this.count = this.count + 1;};
@action("reduce")
reduce = () => {this.count = this.count - 1;};
}
export default new Store();

index.js

import {Provider} from "mobx-react";
import Store from "./store";
// ...
ReactDOM.render(<Provider store={Store}>
<Router history={createBrowserHistory()}>
<Route path="/" component={App} />
<Route path="/about" component={About} />
</Router>
</Provider>,
document.getElementById("root")
);

src/App.jsx

import React, {Component} from "react";
import {observer, inject} from "mobx-react";
@inject("store")
@observer
class App extends Component {render() {
return (
<div>
<div>{this.props.store.count}</div>
<button onClick={this.props.store.add}>add</button>
<button onClick={this.props.store.reduce}>reduce</button>
</div>
);
}
}
export default App;

Ant Design

装置依赖

$ npm install antd babel-plugin-import --save

.babelrc

{
// ...
"plugins": [
[
"import",
{
"libraryName": "antd",
"libraryDirectory": "es",
"style": true
}
]
]
}

src/App.jsx

// ...
import {DatePicker} from "antd";
import "antd/dist/antd.css";
@inject("store")
@observer
class App extends Component {render() {
return (
<div>
<DatePicker />
</div>
);
}
}
export default App;

TypeScript

装置依赖

$ npm install typescript @babel/preset-typescript --save-dev

.babelrc

{
"presets": [
// ...
"@babel/preset-typescript"
]
}

tsconfig.json

在根目录下,新增 tsconfig.json 文件:

{
"compilerOptions": {
"emitDecoratorMetadata": true,
"experimentalDecorators": true,
"target": "ES5",
"allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true,
"strict": true,
"forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true,
"allowJs": true,
"outDir": "./dist/",
"esModuleInterop": true,
"noImplicitAny": false,
"sourceMap": true,
"module": "esnext",
"moduleResolution": "node",
"isolatedModules": true,
"importHelpers": true,
"lib": ["esnext", "dom", "dom.iterable"],
"skipLibCheck": true,
"jsx": "react",
"typeRoots": ["node", "node_modules/@types"],
"rootDirs": ["./src"],
"baseUrl": "./src"
},
"include": ["./src/**/*"],
"exclude": ["node_modules"]
}

src/App.jsx

更换文件后缀 App.jsx -> App.tsx

import React, {Component} from "react";
import {observer, inject} from "mobx-react";
import {DatePicker} from "antd";
import "antd/dist/antd.css";
@inject("store")
@observer
class App extends Component {
props: any;
render() {
return (
<div>
<DatePicker />
<div>{this.props.store.count}</div>
<button onClick={this.props.store.add}>add</button>
<button onClick={this.props.store.reduce}>reduce</button>
</div>
);
}
}
export default App;

代码标准

代码校验、代码格式化、Git 提交前校验、Vscode 配置、编译校验

ESLint

装置依赖

$ npm install @typescript-eslint/parser eslint eslint-plugin-standard @typescript-eslint/parser @typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin eslint-plugin-promise  --save-dev

.eslintrc.js

在根目录下,新增 .eslintrc.js 文件:

module.exports = {extends: ["eslint:recommended", "plugin:react/recommended"],
env: {
browser: true,
commonjs: true,
es6: true,
},
globals: {
$: true,
process: true,
__dirname: true,
},
parser: "@typescript-eslint/parser",
parserOptions: {
ecmaFeatures: {
jsx: true,
modules: true,
},
sourceType: "module",
ecmaVersion: 6,
},
plugins: ["react", "standard", "promise", "@typescript-eslint"],
settings: {"import/ignore": ["node_modules"],
react: {version: "latest",},
},
rules: {quotes: [2, "single"],
"no-console": 0,
"no-debugger": 1,
"no-var": 1,
semi: ["error", "always"],
"no-irregular-whitespace": 0,
"no-trailing-spaces": 1,
"eol-last": 0,
"no-unused-vars": [
1,
{
vars: "all",
args: "after-used",
},
],
"no-case-declarations": 0,
"no-underscore-dangle": 0,
"no-alert": 2,
"no-lone-blocks": 0,
"no-class-assign": 2,
"no-cond-assign": 2,
"no-const-assign": 2,
"no-delete-var": 2,
"no-dupe-keys": 2,
"use-isnan": 2,
"no-duplicate-case": 2,
"no-dupe-args": 2,
"no-empty": 2,
"no-func-assign": 2,
"no-invalid-this": 0,
"no-redeclare": 2,
"no-spaced-func": 2,
"no-this-before-super": 0,
"no-undef": 2,
"no-return-assign": 0,
"no-script-url": 2,
"no-use-before-define": 2,
"no-extra-boolean-cast": 0,
"no-unreachable": 1,
"comma-dangle": 2,
"no-mixed-spaces-and-tabs": 2,
"prefer-arrow-callback": 0,
"arrow-parens": 0,
"arrow-spacing": 0,
camelcase: 0,
"jsx-quotes": [1, "prefer-double"],
"react/display-name": 0,
"react/forbid-prop-types": [
2,
{forbid: ["any"],
},
],
"react/jsx-boolean-value": 0,
"react/jsx-closing-bracket-location": 1,
"react/jsx-curly-spacing": [
2,
{
when: "never",
children: true,
},
],
"react/jsx-indent": ["error", 4],
"react/jsx-key": 2,
"react/jsx-no-bind": 0,
"react/jsx-no-duplicate-props": 2,
"react/jsx-no-literals": 0,
"react/jsx-no-undef": 1,
"react/jsx-pascal-case": 0,
"react/jsx-sort-props": 0,
"react/jsx-uses-react": 1,
"react/jsx-uses-vars": 2,
"react/no-danger": 0,
"react/no-did-mount-set-state": 0,
"react/no-did-update-set-state": 0,
"react/no-direct-mutation-state": 2,
"react/no-multi-comp": 0,
"react/no-set-state": 0,
"react/no-unknown-property": 2,
"react/prefer-es6-class": 2,
"react/prop-types": 0,
"react/react-in-jsx-scope": 2,
"react/self-closing-comp": 0,
"react/sort-comp": 0,
"react/no-array-index-key": 0,
"react/no-deprecated": 1,
"react/jsx-equals-spacing": 2,
},
};

.eslintignore

在根目录下,新增 .eslintignore 文件:

src/assets

.vscode

在根目录下新增 .vscode 文件夹 ,而后新增 .vscode/settings.json

{
"eslint.validate": [
"javascript",
"javascriptreact",
"typescript",
"typescriptreact"
]
}

Perttier

装置依赖

$ npm install prettier --save-dev

prettier.config.js

在根目录下,新增 prettier.config.js 文件:

module.exports = {
// 一行最多 100 字符
printWidth: 100,
// 应用 4 个空格缩进
tabWidth: 4,
// 不应用缩进符,而应用空格
useTabs: false,
// 行尾须要有分号
semi: true,
// 应用单引号
singleQuote: true,
// 对象的 key 仅在必要时用引号
quoteProps: 'as-needed',
// jsx 不应用单引号,而应用双引号
jsxSingleQuote: false,
// 开端不须要逗号
trailingComma: 'none',
// 大括号内的首尾须要空格
bracketSpacing: true,
// jsx 标签的反尖括号须要换行
jsxBracketSameLine: false,
// 箭头函数,只有一个参数的时候,也须要括号
arrowParens: 'avoid',
// 每个文件格式化的范畴是文件的全部内容
rangeStart: 0,
rangeEnd: Infinity,
// 不须要写文件结尾的 @prettier
requirePragma: false,
// 不须要主动在文件结尾插入 @prettier
insertPragma: false,
// 应用默认的折行规范
proseWrap: 'preserve',
// 依据显示款式决定 html 要不要折行
htmlWhitespaceSensitivity: 'css',
// 换行符应用 lf
endOfLine: 'lf'
};

stylelint

装置依赖

$ npm install stylelint stylelint-config-standard stylelint-config-prettier --save-dev

stylelint.config.js

在根目录下,新增 stylelint.config.js 文件:

module.exports = {extends: ['stylelint-config-standard', 'stylelint-config-prettier'],
ignoreFiles: [
'**/*.ts',
'**/*.tsx',
'**/*.png',
'**/*.jpg',
'**/*.jpeg',
'**/*.gif',
'**/*.mp3',
'**/*.json'
],
rules: {
'at-rule-no-unknown': [
true,
{ignoreAtRules: ['extends', 'ignores']
}
],
indentation: 4,
'number-leading-zero': null,
'unit-allowed-list': ['em', 'rem', 's', 'px', 'deg', 'all', 'vh', '%'],
'no-eol-whitespace': [
true,
{ignore: 'empty-lines'}
],
'declaration-block-trailing-semicolon': 'always',
'selector-pseudo-class-no-unknown': [
true,
{ignorePseudoClasses: ['global']
}
],
'block-closing-brace-newline-after': 'always',
'declaration-block-semicolon-newline-after': 'always',
'no-descending-specificity': null,
'selector-list-comma-newline-after': 'always',
'selector-pseudo-element-colon-notation': 'single'
}
};

lint-staged、pre-commit

装置依赖

$ npm install lint-staged prettier eslint pre-commit --save-dev

package.json

{
// ...
"scripts": {
"lint:tsx": "eslint --ext .tsx src && eslint --ext .ts src",
"lint:css": "stylelint --aei .less .css src",
"precommit": "lint-staged",
"precommit-msg": "echo'Pre-commit checks...'&& exit 0"
},
"pre-commit": [
"precommit",
"precommit-msg"
],
"lint-staged": {"*.{js,jsx,ts,tsx}": [
"eslint --fix",
"prettier --write",
"git add"
],
"*.{css,less}": [
"stylelint --fix",
"prettier --write",
"git add"
]
}
}

eslint-webpack-plugin

装置依赖

$ npm install eslint-webpack-plugin --save-dev

script/webpack.config.js

const ESLintPlugin = require('eslint-webpack-plugin');
module.exports = {
// ...
plugins: [new ESLintPlugin()],
};

总结

搭建这个的过程,也是遇到了不少坑,播种也是蛮多的,心愿这个教程可能帮忙更多的同学,少采点坑,残缺的 React 开发环境能够看这个 tristana,求点赞,求关注!

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