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复制集原理
复制集的作用
次要为了实现 mongodb
服务的高可用,复制集之间是一种主从关系
- 当数据写入时将数据迅速复制到其它节点
- 当主节点产生故障时主动选出一个新的节点代替
由下面的特点,咱们对 redis
理解的话,能够很快联想到 哨兵模式
在除了以上的 数据同步
和故障节点替换
两大个性以外,复制集还存在以下作用
-
数据散发:将数据散发到不同的区域,缩小读的提早
例如公司在北京、上海、广州都有数据中心,但只有北京的是能够写入的核心,可将数据异地散发,进步上海和广州大区用户的读取效率。
- 读写拆散
- 异地容灾:数据中心故障时疾速切换到异地。
复制集的构造
复制集的构造与其它中间件的主从模式根本相似。
一个典型的复制集由 3 个及以上具备投票的节点组成:
- 主节点:只有一个,负责数据的写入和读取,以及选举时投票。
- 从节点:至多有两个,负责数据读取和选举投票。
数据的复制原理
- 当数据 ( 主节点 ) 产生批改 ( 增删改 ) 时,它对数据的操作将被记录在一个
oplog
文件当中。 - 从节点通过在主节点上代开一个
tailable
游标一直获取主节点中新增的oplog
并且一直在本人的节点上重现这些操作,以此来实现和主节点上的数据统一。
主节点选举原理
- 具备投票权的节点之间两两相互发送心跳。
- 当 5 次心跳未收到时判断为节点失联。
- 如果主节点失联,从节点会选出新的主节点,但失联的从节点不会参加选举。
- 选举基于 RAFT 一致性算法实现,选举胜利的必要条件是大多数投票节点存活。
- 复制集中最多可有 50 个节点,但有投票权的最多有 7 个。
- 被选举为主节点的的节点 必须能与少数节点建设连贯、有比拟新的
oplog
、比拟高的优先级(如果配置中有)
搭建一个复制集
上面是在 linux
下创立一个 mongodb
复制集
创立三个目录
mkdir -p /data/mongodb/db{1,2,3}
配置文件
# 节点 1
systemLog:
destination: file
path: /data/mongodb/db1/mongod.log #日志门路
logAppend: true
storage:
dbPath: /data/mongodb/db1 #数据文件
net:
bindIp: 0.0.0.0 #在所有网卡监听,为了外网拜访
port: 28017
replication: #复制集,没有的话就是一个单节点
replSetName: rs0 #复制集名字
processManagement:
fork: true #把过程作为独立的后盾过程过程
#节点 2
systemLog:
destination: file
path: /data/mongodb/db2/mongod.log #日志门路
logAppend: true
storage:
dbPath: /data/mongodb/db2 #数据文件
net:
bindIp: 0.0.0.0 #在所有网卡监听,为了外网拜访
port: 28018
replication: #复制集,没有的话就是一个单节点
replSetName: rs0 #复制集名字
processManagement:
fork: true #把过程作为独立的后盾过程过程
#节点 3
systemLog:
destination: file
path: /data/mongodb/db3/mongod.log #日志门路
logAppend: true
storage:
dbPath: /data/mongodb/db3 #数据文件
net:
bindIp: 0.0.0.0 #在所有网卡监听,为了外网拜访
port: 28019
replication: #复制集,没有的话就是一个单节点
replSetName: rs0 #复制集名字
processManagement:
fork: true #把过程作为独立的后盾过程过程
启动过程
mongod -f db1/mongod.conf
mongod -f db2/mongod.conf
mongod -f db3/mongod.conf
配置复制集
-
进入主节点
mongo --port 28017
-
设置主节点
rs.initiate()
{ "info2" : "no configuration specified. Using a default configuration for the set", "me" : "supman:28017", "ok" : 1 }
-
查看节点状态
rs.status()
{ "set" : "rs0", "date" : ISODate("2021-11-30T15:33:30.616Z"), "myState" : 1, "term" : NumberLong(1), "syncSourceHost" : "","syncSourceId": -1,"heartbeatIntervalMillis": NumberLong(2000),"majorityVoteCount": 1,"writeMajorityCount": 1,"votingMembersCount": 1,"writableVotingMembersCount": 1,"optimes": {"lastCommittedOpTime": {"ts": Timestamp(1638286404, 1),"t" : NumberLong(1) }, "lastCommittedWallTime" : ISODate("2021-11-30T15:33:24.656Z"), "readConcernMajorityOpTime" : {"ts" : Timestamp(1638286404, 1), "t" : NumberLong(1) }, "readConcernMajorityWallTime" : ISODate("2021-11-30T15:33:24.656Z"), "appliedOpTime" : {"ts" : Timestamp(1638286404, 1), "t" : NumberLong(1) }, "durableOpTime" : {"ts" : Timestamp(1638286404, 1), "t" : NumberLong(1) }, "lastAppliedWallTime" : ISODate("2021-11-30T15:33:24.656Z"), "lastDurableWallTime" : ISODate("2021-11-30T15:33:24.656Z") }, "lastStableRecoveryTimestamp" : Timestamp(1638286364, 1), "electionCandidateMetrics" : { "lastElectionReason" : "electionTimeout", "lastElectionDate" : ISODate("2021-11-30T15:27:54.614Z"), "electionTerm" : NumberLong(1), "lastCommittedOpTimeAtElection" : {"ts" : Timestamp(0, 0), "t" : NumberLong(-1) }, "lastSeenOpTimeAtElection" : {"ts" : Timestamp(1638286074, 1), "t" : NumberLong(-1) }, "numVotesNeeded" : 1, "priorityAtElection" : 1, "electionTimeoutMillis" : NumberLong(10000), "newTermStartDate" : ISODate("2021-11-30T15:27:54.637Z"), "wMajorityWriteAvailabilityDate" : ISODate("2021-11-30T15:27:54.660Z") }, "members" : [ { "_id" : 0, "name" : "supman:28017", "health" : 1, "state" : 1, "stateStr" : "PRIMARY", "uptime" : 1227, "optime" : {"ts" : Timestamp(1638286404, 1), "t" : NumberLong(1) }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2021-11-30T15:33:24Z"), "syncSourceHost" : "","syncSourceId": -1,"infoMessage":"", "electionTime" : Timestamp(1638286074, 2), "electionDate" : ISODate("2021-11-30T15:27:54Z"), "configVersion" : 1, "configTerm" : 1, "self" : true, "lastHeartbeatMessage" : "" } ], "ok" : 1, "$clusterTime" : {"clusterTime" : Timestamp(1638286404, 1), "signature" : {"hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="), "keyId" : NumberLong(0) } }, "operationTime" : Timestamp(1638286404, 1) }
找到 status 信息外面的
members.name
字段"name" : "supman:28017"
-
减少从节点
rs.add("supman:28018")
{ "ok" : 1, "$clusterTime" : {"clusterTime" : Timestamp(1638286626, 1), "signature" : {"hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="), "keyId" : NumberLong(0) } }, "operationTime" : Timestamp(1638286626, 1) }
rs.add("supman:28019")
{ "ok" : 1, "$clusterTime" : {"clusterTime" : Timestamp(1638286660, 1), "signature" : {"hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="), "keyId" : NumberLong(0) } }, "operationTime" : Timestamp(1638286660, 1) }
-
再次查看状态
{ "set" : "rs0", "date" : ISODate("2021-11-30T15:44:29.903Z"), "myState" : 1, "term" : NumberLong(1), "syncSourceHost" : "","syncSourceId": -1,"heartbeatIntervalMillis": NumberLong(2000),"majorityVoteCount": 2,"writeMajorityCount": 2,"votingMembersCount": 3,"writableVotingMembersCount": 3,"optimes": {"lastCommittedOpTime": {"ts": Timestamp(1638287064, 1),"t" : NumberLong(1) }, "lastCommittedWallTime" : ISODate("2021-11-30T15:44:24.673Z"), "readConcernMajorityOpTime" : {"ts" : Timestamp(1638287064, 1), "t" : NumberLong(1) }, "readConcernMajorityWallTime" : ISODate("2021-11-30T15:44:24.673Z"), "appliedOpTime" : {"ts" : Timestamp(1638287064, 1), "t" : NumberLong(1) }, "durableOpTime" : {"ts" : Timestamp(1638287064, 1), "t" : NumberLong(1) }, "lastAppliedWallTime" : ISODate("2021-11-30T15:44:24.673Z"), "lastDurableWallTime" : ISODate("2021-11-30T15:44:24.673Z") }, "lastStableRecoveryTimestamp" : Timestamp(1638287034, 1), "electionCandidateMetrics" : { "lastElectionReason" : "electionTimeout", "lastElectionDate" : ISODate("2021-11-30T15:27:54.614Z"), "electionTerm" : NumberLong(1), "lastCommittedOpTimeAtElection" : {"ts" : Timestamp(0, 0), "t" : NumberLong(-1) }, "lastSeenOpTimeAtElection" : {"ts" : Timestamp(1638286074, 1), "t" : NumberLong(-1) }, "numVotesNeeded" : 1, "priorityAtElection" : 1, "electionTimeoutMillis" : NumberLong(10000), "newTermStartDate" : ISODate("2021-11-30T15:27:54.637Z"), "wMajorityWriteAvailabilityDate" : ISODate("2021-11-30T15:27:54.660Z") }, "members" : [ { "_id" : 0, "name" : "supman:28017", "health" : 1, "state" : 1, "stateStr" : "PRIMARY", "uptime" : 1886, "optime" : {"ts" : Timestamp(1638287064, 1), "t" : NumberLong(1) }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2021-11-30T15:44:24Z"), "syncSourceHost" : "","syncSourceId": -1,"infoMessage":"", "electionTime" : Timestamp(1638286074, 2), "electionDate" : ISODate("2021-11-30T15:27:54Z"), "configVersion" : 3, "configTerm" : 1, "self" : true, "lastHeartbeatMessage" : "" }, { "_id" : 1, "name" : "supman:28018", "health" : 1, "state" : 2, "stateStr" : "SECONDARY", "uptime" : 442, "optime" : {"ts" : Timestamp(1638287064, 1), "t" : NumberLong(1) }, "optimeDurable" : {"ts" : Timestamp(1638287064, 1), "t" : NumberLong(1) }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2021-11-30T15:44:24Z"), "optimeDurableDate" : ISODate("2021-11-30T15:44:24Z"), "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2021-11-30T15:44:28.545Z"), "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2021-11-30T15:44:28.566Z"), "pingMs" : NumberLong(0), "lastHeartbeatMessage" : "","syncSourceHost":"supman:28017","syncSourceId": 0,"infoMessage":"", "configVersion" : 3, "configTerm" : 1 }, { "_id" : 2, "name" : "supman:28019", "health" : 1, "state" : 2, "stateStr" : "SECONDARY", "uptime" : 409, "optime" : {"ts" : Timestamp(1638287064, 1), "t" : NumberLong(1) }, "optimeDurable" : {"ts" : Timestamp(1638287064, 1), "t" : NumberLong(1) }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2021-11-30T15:44:24Z"), "optimeDurableDate" : ISODate("2021-11-30T15:44:24Z"), "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2021-11-30T15:44:28.565Z"), "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2021-11-30T15:44:29.316Z"), "pingMs" : NumberLong(0), "lastHeartbeatMessage" : "","syncSourceHost":"supman:28018","syncSourceId": 1,"infoMessage":"", "configVersion" : 3, "configTerm" : 1 } ], "ok" : 1, "$clusterTime" : {"clusterTime" : Timestamp(1638287064, 1), "signature" : {"hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="), "keyId" : NumberLong(0) } }, "operationTime" : Timestamp(1638287064, 1) }
-
在从节点上配置可读
进入从节点
mongo --port 28018
mongo --port 28019
设置从节点可读
rs.slaveOk()
- 最初在主节点减少一个用户,创立一个数据库和汇合,插入数据后也能在从节点查看到数据了
正文完