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作者:明明如月学长 \
链接:https://juejin.cn/post/711807…
一、背景
有些业务场景下须要将 Java Bean 转成 Map 再应用。
本认为很简略场景,然而坑很多。
二、那些坑
2.0 测试对象
import lombok.Data;
import java.util.Date;
@Data
public class MockObject extends MockParent{
private Integer aInteger;
private Long aLong;
private Double aDouble;
private Date aDate;
}
父类
import lombok.Data;
@Data
public class MockParent {private Long parent;}
2.1 JSON 反序列化了类型失落
2.1.1 问题复现
将 Java Bean 转 Map 最常见的伎俩就是应用 JSON 框架,如 fastjson、gson、jackson 等。但应用 JSON 将 Java Bean 转 Map 会导致局部数据类型失落。如应用 fastjson,当属性为 Long 类型但数字小于 Integer 最大值时,反序列成 Map 之后,将变为 Integer 类型。
maven 依赖:
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/fastjson -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>2.0.8</version>
</dependency>
示例代码:
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.TypeReference;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Map;
public class JsonDemo {public static void main(String[] args) {MockObject mockObject = new MockObject();
mockObject.setAInteger(1);
mockObject.setALong(2L);
mockObject.setADate(new Date());
mockObject.setADouble(3.4D);
mockObject.setParent(3L);
String json = JSON.toJSONString(mockObject);
Map<String,Object> map = JSON.parseObject(json, new TypeReference<Map<String,Object>>(){});
System.out.println(map);
}
}
后果打印:
{“parent”:3,”ADouble”:3.4,”ALong”:2,”AInteger”:1,”ADate”:1657299916477}
调试截图:
通过 Java Visualizer 插件进行可视化查看:
2.2.2 问题形容
存在两个问题(1)通过 fastjson 将 Java Bean 转为 Map,类型会产生转变。如 Long 变成 Integer,Date 变成 Long, Double 变成 Decimal 类型等。(2)在某些场景下,Map 的 key 并非和属性名齐全对应,像是通过 get set 办法“推断”进去的属性名。
2.2 BeanMap 转换属性名谬误
2.2.1 commons-beanutils 的 BeanMap
maven 版本:
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-beanutils/commons-beanutils -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-beanutils</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-beanutils</artifactId>
<version>1.9.4</version>
</dependency>
代码示例:
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanMap;
import third.fastjson.MockObject;
import java.util.Date;
public class BeanUtilsDemo {public static void main(String[] args) {MockObject mockObject = new MockObject();
mockObject.setAInteger(1);
mockObject.setALong(2L);
mockObject.setADate(new Date());
mockObject.setADouble(3.4D);
mockObject.setParent(3L);
BeanMap beanMap = new BeanMap(mockObject);
System.out.println(beanMap);
}
}
调试截图:
存在和 cglib 一样的问题,尽管类型没问题然而属性名还是不对。
起因剖析:
/**
* Constructs a new <code>BeanMap</code> that operates on the
* specified bean. If the given bean is <code>null</code>, then
* this map will be empty.
*
* @param bean the bean for this map to operate on
*/
public BeanMap(final Object bean) {
this.bean = bean;
initialise();}
要害代码:
private void initialise() {if(getBean() == null) {return;}
final Class<? extends Object> beanClass = getBean().getClass();
try {//BeanInfo beanInfo = Introspector.getBeanInfo( bean, null);
final BeanInfo beanInfo = Introspector.getBeanInfo(beanClass);
final PropertyDescriptor[] propertyDescriptors = beanInfo.getPropertyDescriptors();
if (propertyDescriptors != null) {for (final PropertyDescriptor propertyDescriptor : propertyDescriptors) {if ( propertyDescriptor != null) {final String name = propertyDescriptor.getName();
final Method readMethod = propertyDescriptor.getReadMethod();
final Method writeMethod = propertyDescriptor.getWriteMethod();
final Class<? extends Object> aType = propertyDescriptor.getPropertyType();
if (readMethod != null) {readMethods.put( name, readMethod);
}
if (writeMethod != null) {writeMethods.put( name, writeMethod);
}
types.put(name, aType);
}
}
}
}
catch (final IntrospectionException e) {logWarn( e);
}
}
调试一下就会发现,问题出在 BeanInfo
外面 PropertyDescriptor
的 name 不正确。
通过剖析会发现 java.beans.Introspector#getTargetPropertyInfo
办法是字段解析的要害
对于无参的以 get 结尾的办法名从 index =3 处截取,如 getALong 截取后为 ALong,如 getADouble 截取后为 ADouble。
而后去结构 PropertyDescriptor
:
/**
* Creates <code>PropertyDescriptor</code> for the specified bean
* with the specified name and methods to read/write the property value.
*
* @param bean the type of the target bean
* @param base the base name of the property (the rest of the method name)
* @param read the method used for reading the property value
* @param write the method used for writing the property value
* @exception IntrospectionException if an exception occurs during introspection
*
* @since 1.7
*/
PropertyDescriptor(Class<?> bean, String base, Method read, Method write) throws IntrospectionException {if (bean == null) {throw new IntrospectionException("Target Bean class is null");
}
setClass0(bean);
setName(Introspector.decapitalize(base));
setReadMethod(read);
setWriteMethod(write);
this.baseName = base;
}
底层应用 java.beans.Introspector#decapitalize
进行解析:
/**
* Utility method to take a string and convert it to normal Java variable
* name capitalization. This normally means converting the first
* character from upper case to lower case, but in the (unusual) special
* case when there is more than one character and both the first and
* second characters are upper case, we leave it alone.
* <p>
* Thus "FooBah" becomes "fooBah" and "X" becomes "x", but "URL" stays
* as "URL".
*
* @param name The string to be decapitalized.
* @return The decapitalized version of the string.
*/
public static String decapitalize(String name) {if (name == null || name.length() == 0) {return name;}
if (name.length() > 1 && Character.isUpperCase(name.charAt(1)) &&
Character.isUpperCase(name.charAt(0))){return name;}
char chars[] = name.toCharArray();
chars[0] = Character.toLowerCase(chars[0]);
return new String(chars);
}
从代码中咱们能够看出 (1) 当 name 的长度 > 1,且第一个字符和第二个字符都大写时,间接返回参数作为 PropertyDescriptor
name。(2) 否则将 name 转为首字母小写
这种解决本意是为了不让属性为相似 URL 这种缩略词转为 uRL,后果“误伤”了咱们这种场景。
2.2.2 应用 cglib 的 BeanMap
cglib 依赖
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/cglib/cglib -->
<dependency>
<groupId>cglib</groupId>
<artifactId>cglib-nodep</artifactId>
<version>3.2.12</version>
</dependency>
代码示例:
import net.sf.cglib.beans.BeanMap;
import third.fastjson.MockObject;
import java.util.Date;
public class BeanMapDemo {public static void main(String[] args) {MockObject mockObject = new MockObject();
mockObject.setAInteger(1);
mockObject.setALong(2L);
mockObject.setADate(new Date());
mockObject.setADouble(3.4D);
mockObject.setParent(3L);
BeanMap beanMapp = BeanMap.create(mockObject);
System.out.println(beanMapp);
}
}
后果展现:咱们发现类型对了,然而属性名仍然不对。
要害代码:net.sf.cglib.core.ReflectUtils#getBeanGetters
底层也会用到 java.beans.Introspector#decapitalize
所以属性名存在一样的问题就难能可贵了。
三、解决办法
3.1 解决方案
解决方案有很多,本文提供一个基于 dubbo 的解决方案。
maven 依赖:
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.dubbo/dubbo -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
<version>3.0.9</version>
</dependency>
示例代码:
import org.apache.dubbo.common.utils.PojoUtils;
import third.fastjson.MockObject;
import java.util.Date;
public class DubboPojoDemo {public static void main(String[] args) {MockObject mockObject = new MockObject();
mockObject.setAInteger(1);
mockObject.setALong(2L);
mockObject.setADate(new Date());
mockObject.setADouble(3.4D);
mockObject.setParent(3L);
Object generalize = PojoUtils.generalize(mockObject);
System.out.println(generalize);
}
}
调试成果:
Java Visualizer 成果:
3.2 原理解析
外围代码:org.apache.dubbo.common.utils.PojoUtils#generalize(java.lang.Object)
public static Object generalize(Object pojo) {eturn generalize(pojo, new IdentityHashMap());
}
要害代码:
// pojo 待转换的对象
// history 缓存 Map,进步性能
private static Object generalize(Object pojo, Map<Object, Object> history) {if (pojo == null) {return null;}
// 枚举间接返回枚举名
if (pojo instanceof Enum<?>) {return ((Enum<?>) pojo).name();}
// 枚举数组,返回枚举名数组
if (pojo.getClass().isArray() && Enum.class.isAssignableFrom(pojo.getClass().getComponentType())) {int len = Array.getLength(pojo);
String[] values = new String[len];
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {values[i] = ((Enum<?>) Array.get(pojo, i)).name();}
return values;
}
// 根本类型返回 pojo 本身
if (ReflectUtils.isPrimitives(pojo.getClass())) {return pojo;}
// Class 返回 name
if (pojo instanceof Class) {return ((Class) pojo).getName();}
Object o = history.get(pojo);
if (o != null) {return o;}
history.put(pojo, pojo);
// 数组类型,递归
if (pojo.getClass().isArray()) {int len = Array.getLength(pojo);
Object[] dest = new Object[len];
history.put(pojo, dest);
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {Object obj = Array.get(pojo, i);
dest[i] = generalize(obj, history);
}
return dest;
}
// 汇合类型递归
if (pojo instanceof Collection<?>) {Collection<Object> src = (Collection<Object>) pojo;
int len = src.size();
Collection<Object> dest = (pojo instanceof List<?>) ? new ArrayList<Object>(len) : new HashSet<Object>(len);
history.put(pojo, dest);
for (Object obj : src) {dest.add(generalize(obj, history));
}
return dest;
}
// Map 类型,间接 对 key 和 value 解决
if (pojo instanceof Map<?, ?>) {Map<Object, Object> src = (Map<Object, Object>) pojo;
Map<Object, Object> dest = createMap(src);
history.put(pojo, dest);
for (Map.Entry<Object, Object> obj : src.entrySet()) {dest.put(generalize(obj.getKey(), history), generalize(obj.getValue(), history));
}
return dest;
}
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
history.put(pojo, map);
// 开启生成 class 则写入 pojo 的 class
if (GENERIC_WITH_CLZ) {map.put("class", pojo.getClass().getName());
}
// 解决 get 办法
for (Method method : pojo.getClass().getMethods()) {if (ReflectUtils.isBeanPropertyReadMethod(method)) {ReflectUtils.makeAccessible(method);
try {map.put(ReflectUtils.getPropertyNameFromBeanReadMethod(method), generalize(method.invoke(pojo), history));
} catch (Exception e) {throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage(), e);
}
}
}
// 解决私有属性
for (Field field : pojo.getClass().getFields()) {if (ReflectUtils.isPublicInstanceField(field)) {
try {Object fieldValue = field.get(pojo);
// 对象曾经解析过,间接从缓存里读进步性能
if (history.containsKey(pojo)) {Object pojoGeneralizedValue = history.get(pojo);
// 曾经解析过该属性则跳过(如私有属性,且有 get 办法的状况)if (pojoGeneralizedValue instanceof Map
&& ((Map) pojoGeneralizedValue).containsKey(field.getName())) {continue;}
}
if (fieldValue != null) {map.put(field.getName(), generalize(fieldValue, history));
}
} catch (Exception e) {throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage(), e);
}
}
}
return map;
}
要害截图
org.apache.dubbo.common.utils.ReflectUtils#getPropertyNameFromBeanReadMethod
public static String getPropertyNameFromBeanReadMethod(Method method) {if (isBeanPropertyReadMethod(method)) {
// get 办法,则从 index =3 的字符小写 + 前面的字符串
if (method.getName().startsWith("get")) {return method.getName().substring(3, 4).toLowerCase()
+ method.getName().substring(4);
}
// is 结尾办法,index =2 的字符小写 + 前面的字符串
if (method.getName().startsWith("is")) {return method.getName().substring(2, 3).toLowerCase()
+ method.getName().substring(3);
}
}
return null;
}
因而,getALong 办法对应的属性名被解析为 aLong。
同时,这么解决也会存在问题。如当属性名叫 URL 时,转为 Map 后 key 就会被解析成 uRL。
从这里看出,当属性名比拟非凡时也很容易出问题,但 dubbo 这个工具类更合乎咱们的预期。更多细节,大家能够依据 DEMO 自行调试学习。
如果想严格和属性保持一致,能够应用反射获取属性名和属性值,加缓存机制晋升解析的效率。
四、总结
Java Bean 转 Map 的坑很多,最常见的就是类型失落和属性名解析谬误的问题。大家在应用 JSON 框架和 Java Bean 转 Map 的框架时要特地小心。平时应用某些框架时,多写一些 DEMO 进行验证,多读源码,多调试,少趟坑。
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