关于intellij-idea:SpringClub06zuul-网关

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1.zuul API 网关

zuul API 网关，为微服务利用提供对立的对外拜访接口。
zuul 还提供过滤器，对所有微服务提供对立的申请校验。

1.1 新建 sp11-zuul 我的项目

1.2 增加依赖

1.2.1 pom.xml

  • 须要增加 sp01-commons 依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.1.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>cn.tedu</groupId>
    <artifactId>sp11-zuul</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>sp11-zuul</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cn.tedu</groupId>
            <artifactId>sp01-commons</artifactId>
            <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

1.3 批改 application.yml 文件

  • zuul 路由配置能够省略，缺省以服务 id 作为拜访门路
spring:
  application:
    name: zuul
    
server:
  port: 3001
  
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka, http://eureka2:2002/eureka

zuul:
  routes:
    item-service: /item-service/**
    user-service: /user-service/**
    order-service: /order-service/**

1.4 主程序增加 @EnableZuulProxy 注解

package cn.tedu.sp11;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy;
@EnableZuulProxy
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class Sp11ZuulApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(Sp11ZuulApplication.class, args);
    }
}

1.5 启动我的项目

  • http://eureka1:2001
  • http://localhost:3001/item-service/35
  • `http://localhost:3001/i
  • tem-service/decreaseNumber`
    应用 postman，POST 发送以下格局数据：
    [{"id":1, "name":"abc", "number":23},{"id":2, "name":"def", "number":11}]
  • http://localhost:3001/user-service/7
  • http://localhost:3001/user-service/7/score?score=100
  • http://localhost:3001/order-service/123abc
  • http://localhost:3001/order-service/

2. zuul 申请过滤

2.1 定义过滤器，继承 ZuulFilter

在 sp11-zuul 我的项目中新建过滤器类

package com.tedu.sp11.filter;
import cn.tedu.web.util.JsonResult;
import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter;
import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext;
import com.netflix.zuul.exception.ZuulException;
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.support.FilterConstants;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
@Component
public class AccessFilter extends ZuulFilter {
    // 过滤器类型：pre,post,routing,error
 @Override
 public String filterType() {
        //return "pre";// 前置过滤器
 return FilterConstants.PRE_TYPE;
    }
    // 过滤器插入的地位
 @Override
 public int filterOrder() {return 6;// 放到第六个地位}
    // 对用户申请进行判断，是否执行过滤代码
 @Override
 public boolean shouldFilter() {
        // 只对 item-service 调用进行过滤, 如果调用 user-service 和 order-service，不执行过滤代码
 // 取得调用服务的 id
 RequestContext context=RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
        String serviceId= (String) context.get(FilterConstants.SERVICE_ID_KEY);
        return "item-service".equalsIgnoreCase(serviceId);
    }
    // 过滤代码
 @Override
 public Object run() throws ZuulException {
        // 取得 request 对象
 RequestContext context=RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
        HttpServletRequest request=context.getRequest();
        // 收到 token 参数
 String token=request.getParameter("token");
        // 如果没有，阻止拜访，并间接向客户端返回响应
 if (StringUtils.isBlank(token)){
            // 阻止持续拜访
 context.setSendZuulResponse(false);
            // 向客户端返回响应 JsonResult{code:401,msg:not,login,data:null} String json=JsonResult.err().code(JsonResult.NOT_LOGIN).msg("not login").toString();
            context.addZuulResponseHeader("Content-Type","application/json;charset=UTF-8");
            context.setResponseBody(json);
        }
        return null;// 返回值没有任何作用
 }
}

2.2 拜访测试

  • 没有 token 参数不容许拜访
    http://localhost:3001/item-service/35
  • 有 token 参数能够拜访
    http://localhost:3001/item-service/35?token=1234

3. zuul 集成 ribbon

3.1 zuul + ribbon 负载平衡

zuul 曾经集成了 ribbon，默认曾经实现了负载平衡

3.2 zuul + ribbon 重试

3.2.1 pom.xml 增加 spring-retry 依赖

  • 须要 spring-retry 依赖
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.retry</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-retry</artifactId>
</dependency>

3.2.2 配置 zuul 开启重试，并配置 ribbon 重试参数

  • 须要开启重试，默认不开启 zuul:retryable: true
spring:
  application:
    name: zuul
    
server:
  port: 3001
  
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka, http://eureka2:2002/eureka

zuul:
  retryable: true

#  routes:
#    item-service: /item-service/**
#    user-service: /user-service/**
#    order-service: /order-service/**
    
ribbon:
  ConnectTimeout: 1000
  ReadTimeout: 1000
  MaxAutoRetriesNextServer: 1
  MaxAutoRetries: 1

4. zuul 集成 hystrix

0 配置，曾经启用了 hystrix

4.1 zuul + hystrix 降级

4.1.1 创立降级类

  • getRoute() 办法中指定利用此降级类的服务 id，星号或 null 值能够通配所有服务
ItemServiceFallback
package com.tedu.sp11.fallback;
import cn.tedu.web.util.JsonResult;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.route.FallbackProvider;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
@Component
public class ItemFB implements FallbackProvider {
    // 返回一个 service id，针对指定的服务进行降级解决
 // 返回 "*" 或者 null，对所有服务都利用这个降级类
 @Override
 public String getRoute() {return "item-service";}
    // 降级响应，返回一个封装响应数据的 response 对象
 @Override
 public ClientHttpResponse fallbackResponse(String route, Throwable cause) {return new ClientHttpResponse() {
            @Override
 public HttpStatus getStatusCode() throws IOException {return HttpStatus.OK;}
            @Override
 public int getRawStatusCode() throws IOException {return HttpStatus.OK.value();
            }
            @Override
 public String getStatusText() throws IOException {return HttpStatus.OK.getReasonPhrase();
            }
            @Override
 public void close() {}
            @Override
 public InputStream getBody() throws IOException {//JsonResult{code:401,msg: 调用商品失败，data:null}
 String json = JsonResult.err().msg("调用商品失败").toString();
                return new ByteArrayInputStream(json.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
            }
            @Override
 public HttpHeaders getHeaders() {
                //content-Type:application/json;charset=UTF-8
 HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
                headers.add("content-Type", "application/json;charset=UTF-8");
                return headers;
            }
        };
    }
}
OrderServiceFallback
package com.tedu.sp11.fallback;
import cn.tedu.web.util.JsonResult;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.route.FallbackProvider;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
@Component
public class OrderFB implements FallbackProvider {
    // 返回一个 service id，针对指定的服务进行降级解决
 // 返回 "*" 或者 null，对所有服务都利用这个降级类
 @Override
 public String getRoute() {return "order-service";}
    // 降级响应，返回一个封装响应数据的 response 对象
 @Override
 public ClientHttpResponse fallbackResponse(String route, Throwable cause) {return new ClientHttpResponse() {
            @Override
 public HttpStatus getStatusCode() throws IOException {return HttpStatus.OK;}
            @Override
 public int getRawStatusCode() throws IOException {return HttpStatus.OK.value();
            }
            @Override
 public String getStatusText() throws IOException {return HttpStatus.OK.getReasonPhrase();
            }
            @Override
 public void close() {}
            @Override
 public InputStream getBody() throws IOException {//JsonResult{code:401,msg: 调用商品失败，data:null}
 String json = JsonResult.err().msg("调用订单服务失败").toString();
                return new ByteArrayInputStream(json.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
            }
            @Override
 public HttpHeaders getHeaders() {
                //content-Type:application/json;charset=UTF-8
 HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
                headers.add("content-Type", "application/json;charset=UTF-8");
                return headers;
            }
        };
    }
}

4.2 升高 hystrix 超时工夫，以便测试降级

spring:
  application:
    name: zuul
    
server:
  port: 3001
  
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka, http://eureka2:2002/eureka

zuul:
  retryable: true
    
ribbon:
  ConnectTimeout: 1000
  ReadTimeout: 2000
  MaxAutoRetriesNextServer: 1
  MaxAutoRetries: 1
  
hystrix:
  command:
    default:
      execution:
        isolation:
          thread:
            timeoutInMilliseconds: 500

4.3 启动服务, 测试降级

http://localhost:3001/item-service/35

5. zuul + hystrix 数据监控

5.1 裸露 hystrix.stream 监控端点

  • zuul 曾经蕴含 actuator 依赖
management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: hystrix.stream
  • 启动服务, 查看裸露的监控端点
    http://localhost:3001/actuator
    http://localhost:3001/actuator/hystrix.stream

5.2 开启监控

启动 sp08-hystrix-dashboard，填入 zuul 的监控端点门路，开启监控
http://localhost:4001/hystrix
填入监控端点：
http://localhost:3001/actuator/hystrix.stream

必须通过 zuul 网关拜访后盾服务才会长生监控数据

  • http://localhost:3001/item-service/35
  • http://localhost:3001/item-service/decreaseNumber
    应用 postman，POST 发送以下格局数据：
    [{"id":1, "name":"abc", "number":23},{"id":2, "name":"def", "number":11}]
  • http://localhost:3001/user-service/7
  • http://localhost:3001/user-service/7/score?score=100
  • http://localhost:3001/order-service/123abc
  • http://localhost:3001/order-service/

6. zuul + turbine 聚合监控

6.1 批改 turbine 我的项目，聚合 zuul 服务实例

 spring:
  application:
    name: turbin
    
server:
  port: 5001
  
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka, http://eureka2:2002/eureka
      
turbine:
  app-config: order-service, zuul
  cluster-name-expression: new String("default")
  • 应用 hystrix 仪表盘, 对 turbine 监控端点进行监控, 此端点聚合了订单服务和 zull 网关服务的监控数据
    http://localhost:5001/turbine.stream

6.2 熔断测试

ab -n 20000 -c 50 http://localhost:3001/order-service/123abc

7. zuul Cookie 过滤

zuul 会过滤敏感 http 协定头，默认过滤以下协定头：

  • Cookie
  • Set-Cookie
  • Authorization

能够设置 zuul 不过滤这些协定头

zuul:
  sensitive-headers:

正文完
intellij-idea
发表至： intellij-idea
2020-12-23
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