关于intellij-idea:SpringCloud10Springboot-整合RabbitMQ

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一、Springboot 整合 RabbitMQ

别离以六种工作模式进行剖析

1. 新建我的项目

2. pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.4.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>cn.tedu</groupId>
    <artifactId>rabbitmq-springboot</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>rabbitmq-springboot</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-rabbit-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

3. application.yml

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: #192.168.64.140  wht6.cn
    username: admin
    password: admin
    #设置每回只抓取一条音讯，qos=1, 默认 250
    listener:
      simple:
        prefetch: 1

4. 主程序

咱们为每种模式创立一个包, 在每个包中创立各自的主程序, 独自测试.

1. 简略模式

1.1 主程序

Spring 提供的 Queue 类, 是队列的封装对象, 它封装了队列的参数信息.RabbitMQ 的主动配置类, 会发现这些 Queue 实例, 并在 RabbitMQ 服务器中定义这些队列.

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
@SpringBootApplication
public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(Main.class, args);
    }
    @Bean
    public Queue task_queue() {
        /*
         * 可用以下模式: 
         * new Queue("helloworld") - 长久, 非排他, 非主动删除
         * new Queue("helloworld",false,false,false,null)
         */
        return new Queue("helloworld",false);
    }
}

1.2 生产者

AmqpTemplate 是 rabbitmq 客户端 API 的一个封装工具, 提供了简便的办法来执行音讯操作.AmqpTemplate 由主动配置类主动创立

import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class SimpleSender {
    @Autowired
    AmqpTemplate t;
    public void send() {
        // 这里向 helloworld 队列发送音讯
        t.convertAndSend("helloworld", "Hello world!!"+System.currentTimeMillis());
        System.out.println("音讯已发送");
    }
}

1.3 消费者

通过 @RabbitListener 从指定的队列接管音讯应用 @RebbitHandler 注解的办法来解决音讯

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "helloworld")
public class SimpleReceiver {
    @RabbitHandler
    public void receive(String msg) {System.out.println("收到:"+msg);
    }
}

另外,@RabbitListener 注解中也能够间接定义队列:

 @RabbitListener(queuesToDeclare = @Queue(name = "helloworld",durable = "false"))

2. 工作模式

2.1 主程序

在主程序中创立名为 task_queue 的长久 队列

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
@SpringBootApplication
public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(Main.class, args);
    }
    @Bean
    public Queue task_queue() {
        // 这个构造方法创立的队列参数为: 长久, 非排他, 非主动删除
        return new Queue("task_queue");
    }
}

2.2 生产者

import java.util.Scanner;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class WorkSender {
    @Autowired
    AmqpTemplate t;
    
    public void send() {while (true) {System.out.print("输出:");
            String s = new Scanner(System.in).nextLine();
            
            //spring 默认将音讯的 DeliveryMode 设置为 PERSISTENT 长久化,
            t.convertAndSend("task_queue", s);
        }
    }
}

spring boot 封装的 rabbitmq api 中, 发送的音讯默认是长久化音讯. 如果心愿发送非长久化音讯, 须要在发送音讯时做以下设置:

  • 应用 MessagePostProcessor 前置处理器参数
  • 从音讯中获取音讯的属性对象
  • 在属性中把 DeliveryMode 设置为非长久化
 // 如果须要设置音讯为非长久化, 能够获得音讯的属性对象, 批改它的 deliveryMode 属性
    t.convertAndSend("task_queue", (Object) s, new MessagePostProcessor() {
        @Override
        public Message postProcessMessage(Message message) throws AmqpException {MessageProperties props = message.getMessageProperties();
            props.setDeliveryMode(MessageDeliveryMode.NON_PERSISTENT);
            return message;
        }
    });

2.3 消费者

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class WorkReceiver1 {@RabbitListener(queues="task_queue")
    public void receive1(String s) throws Exception {System.out.println("receiver1 - 收到:"+s);
        for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {if (s.charAt(i) == '.') {Thread.sleep(1000);
            }
        }
    }
    @RabbitListener(queues="task_queue")
    public void receive2(String s) throws Exception {System.out.println("receiver2 - 收到:"+s);
        for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {if (s.charAt(i) == '.') {Thread.sleep(1000);
            }
        }
    }
}

2.4 ack 模式

在 spring boot 中提供了三种确认模式:

  • NONE – 应用 rabbitmq 的主动确认
  • AUTO – 应用 rabbitmq 的手动确认, springboot 会主动发送确认回执 (默认)
  • MANUAL – 应用 rabbitmq 的手动确认, 且必须手动执行确认操作

默认的 AUTO 模式中, 解决音讯的办法抛出异样, 则示意音讯没有被正确处理, 该音讯会被从新发送.

设置 ack 模式

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    listener:
      simple:
        # acknowledgeMode: NONE # rabbitmq 的主动确认
        acknowledgeMode: AUTO # rabbitmq 的手动确认, springboot 会主动发送确认回执 (默认)
        # acknowledgeMode: MANUAL # rabbitmq 的手动确认, springboot 不发送回执, 必须本人编码发送回执

手动执行确认操作

如果设置为 MANUAL 模式, 必须手动执行确认操作

 @RabbitListener(queues="task_queue")
    public void receive1(String s, Channel c, @Header(name=AmqpHeaders.DELIVERY_TAG) long tag) throws Exception {System.out.println("receiver1 - 收到:"+s);
        for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {if (s.charAt(i) == '.') {Thread.sleep(1000);
            }
        }
        // 手动发送确认回执
        c.basicAck(tag, false);
    }

抓取数量

工作模式中, 为了正当地散发数据, 须要将 qos 设置成 1, 每次只接管一条音讯, 解决实现后才接管下一条音讯.
spring boot 中是通过 prefetch 属性进行设置, 改属性的默认值是 250.

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    listener:
      simple:
        prefetch: 1 # qos=1, 默认 250

3. 公布和订阅模式

3.1 主程序

创立 FanoutExcnahge 实例, 封装 fanout 类型交换机定义信息.spring boot 的主动配置类会主动发现交换机实例, 并在 RabbitMQ 服务器中定义该交换机.

import org.springframework.amqp.core.FanoutExchange;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
@SpringBootApplication
public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(Main.class, args);
    }
    @Bean
    public FanoutExchange fanoutExchange() {return new FanoutExchange("logs");
    }
}

3.2 生产者

生产者向指定的交换机 logs 发送数据. 不须要指定队列名或路由键, 即便指定也有效, 因为 fanout 替换机会向所有绑定的队列发送数据, 而不是有抉择的发送.

import java.util.Scanner;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class Publisher {
    @Autowired
    AmqpTemplate t；public void send() {while (true) {System.out.print("输出:");
            String s = new Scanner(System.in).nextLine();
            // 指定向 logs 交换机发送, 不指定队列名或路由键
            t.convertAndSend("logs","",s);
        }
    }
}

3.3 消费者

消费者须要执行以下操作:

  1. 定义随机队列(随机命名, 非长久, 排他, 主动删除)
  2. 定义交换机(能够省略, 已在主程序中定义)
  3. 将队列绑定到交换机

spring boot 通过注解实现以上操作:

@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding( // 这里进行绑定设置
    value = @Queue, // 这里定义随机队列, 默认属性: 随机命名, 非长久, 排他, 主动删除
    exchange = @Exchange(name = "logs", declare = "false") // 指定 logs 交换机, 因为主程序中曾经定义, 这里不进行定义
))
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class Subscriber {@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(value = @Queue, exchange = @Exchange(name = "logs", declare = "false")))
    public void receive1(String s) throws Exception {System.out.println("receiver1 - 收到:"+s);
    }
    @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(value = @Queue, exchange = @Exchange(name = "logs", declare = "false")))
    public void receive2(String s) throws Exception {System.out.println("receiver2 - 收到:"+s);
    }
}

4. 路由模式

与公布和订阅模式代码相似, 只是做以下三点调整:

  1. 应用 direct 交换机
  2. 队列和交换机绑定时, 设置绑定键
  3. 发送音讯时, 指定路由键

4.1 主程序

主程序中应用 DirectExcnahge 对象封装交换机信息, spring boot 主动配置类会主动发现这个对象, 并在 RabbitMQ 服务器上定义这个交换机.

import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
@SpringBootApplication
public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(Main.class, args);
    }
    @Bean
    public DirectExchange fanoutExchange() {return new DirectExchange("direct_logs");
    }
}

4.2 生产者

生产者向指定的交换机发送音讯, 并指定路由键.

import java.util.Scanner;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class RouteSender {
    @Autowired
    AmqpTemplate t;
    public void send() {while (true) {System.out.print("输出音讯:");
            String s = new Scanner(System.in).nextLine();
            System.out.print("输出路由键:");
            String key = new Scanner(System.in).nextLine();
            // 第二个参数指定路由键
            t.convertAndSend("direct_logs",key,s);
        }
    }
}

4.3 消费者

消费者通过注解来定义随机队列, 绑定到交换机, 并指定绑定键:

@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding( // 这里做绑定设置
    value = @Queue, // 定义队列, 随机命名, 非长久, 排他, 主动删除
    exchange = @Exchange(name = "direct_logs", declare = "false"), // 指定绑定的交换机, 主程序中曾经定义过队列, 这里不进行定义
    key = {"error","info","warning"} // 设置绑定键
))
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class RouteReceiver {@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(value = @Queue,exchange = @Exchange(name = "direct_logs", declare = "false"),key = {"error"}))
    public void receive1(String s) throws Exception {System.out.println("receiver1 - 收到:"+s);
    }
    @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(value = @Queue, exchange = @Exchange(name = "direct_logs", declare = "false"),key = {"error","info","warning"}))
    public void receive2(String s) throws Exception {System.out.println("receiver2 - 收到:"+s);
    }
}

5. 主题模式

主题模式不过是具备非凡规定的路由模式, 代码与路由模式基本相同, 只做如下调整:

  1. 应用 topic 交换机
  2. 应用非凡的绑定键和路由键规定

5.1 主程序

import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
@SpringBootApplication
public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(Main.class, args);
    }
    @Bean
    public TopicExchange fanoutExchange() {return new TopicExchange("topic_logs");
    }
}

5.2 生产者

import java.util.Scanner;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class TopicSender {
    @Autowired
    AmqpTemplate t;
    public void send() {while (true) {System.out.print("输出音讯:");
            String s = new Scanner(System.in).nextLine();
            System.out.print("输出路由键:");
            String key = new Scanner(System.in).nextLine();
            
            t.convertAndSend("topic_logs",key,s);
        }
    }
}

5.3 消费者

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class TopicReceiver {@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(value = @Queue,exchange = @Exchange(name = "topic_logs", declare = "false"),key = {"*.orange.*"}))
    public void receive1(String s) throws Exception {System.out.println("receiver1 - 收到:"+s);
    }
    @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(value = @Queue, exchange = @Exchange(name = "topic_logs", declare = "false"),key = {"*.*.rabbit","lazy.#"}))
    public void receive2(String s) throws Exception {System.out.println("receiver2 - 收到:"+s);
    }
}

6. RPC 异步调用

6.1 主程序

主程序中定义两个队列

  • 发送调用信息的队列: rpc_queue
  • 返回后果的队列: 随机命名
import java.util.UUID;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
@SpringBootApplication
public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(Main.class, args);
    }
    @Bean
    public Queue sendQueue() {return new Queue("rpc_queue",false);
    }
    @Bean
    public Queue rndQueue() {return new Queue(UUID.randomUUID().toString(), false);
    }
}

6.2 服务端

从 rpc_queue 接管调用数据, 执行运算求斐波那契数, 并返回计算结果.
@Rabbitlistener注解对于具备返回值的办法:

  • 会主动获取 replyTo 属性
  • 主动获取 correlationId 属性
  • 向 replyTo 属性指定的队列发送计算结果, 并携带 correlationId 属性
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Compoent
public class RpcServer {@RabbitListener(queues = "rpc_queue")
    public long getFbnq(int n) {return f(n);
    }
    private long f(int n) {if (n==1 || n==2) {return 1;}
        return f(n-1) + f(n-2);
    }
}

6.3 客户端

应用 SPEL 表达式获取随机队列名: "#{rndQueue.name}"
发送调用数据时, 携带随机队列名和 correlationId
从随机队列接管调用后果, 并获取correlationId

import java.util.UUID;
import org.springframework.amqp.AmqpException;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessagePostProcessor;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageProperties;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.AmqpHeaders;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.Header;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class RpcClient {
    @Autowired
    AmqpTemplate t;
    @Value("#{rndQueue.name}")
    String rndQueue;
    public void send(int n) {
        // 发送调用信息时, 通过前置音讯处理器, 对音讯属性进行设置, 增加返回队列名和关联 id
        t.convertAndSend("rpc_queue", (Object)n, new MessagePostProcessor() {
            @Override
            public Message postProcessMessage(Message message) throws AmqpException {MessageProperties p = message.getMessageProperties();
                p.setReplyTo(rndQueue);
                p.setCorrelationId(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
                return message;
            }
        });
    }
    // 从随机队列接管计算结果
    @RabbitListener(queues = "#{rndQueue.name}")
    public void receive(long r, @Header(name=AmqpHeaders.CORRELATION_ID) String correlationId) {System.out.println("nn"+correlationId+"- 收到:"+r);
    }
}

正文完
intellij-idea
发表至： intellij-idea
2020-12-30
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