关于服务器:如何利用Shell脚本对Ubuntu操作系统进行常规初始化和系统优化及其安全加固适用于等保20

形容: 实用于企业外部 Ubuntu 系列服务器操作系统初始化、系统安全加固脚本，内容蕴含了，网络初始化设置，软件更新源替换以及内核版本升级 , 工夫时区初始化设置系统安全加固(等保三级操作系统主机查看项) 平安运维设置零碎内核参数常用软件装置等一系列的操作间接开箱即用, 将跑过该脚本的机器能够克隆成为作为线上生产环境的基线模板。
原文链接: 残缺的 Windows 与 Linux 服务器系统安全加固实际和基线检测脚本（等保 2.0）(https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/CD…)
脚本实用阐明:
Ubuntu 20.04 (已测试)
Ubuntu 18.04 (局部实用)
Ubuntu 平安加固成果
我的项目地址: https://github.com/WeiyiGeek/…
【欢送大家 Star 与 Fork。】
Ubuntu TLS Security Initiate
Link: https://github.com/WeiyiGeek/…
舒适提醒: 应用脚本时请依照你的需要调用相应函数即可，默认未调用任何函数。
#!/bin/bash
# @Author: WeiyiGeek
# @Description: Ubuntu TLS Security Initiate
# @Create Time:  2019 年 9 月 1 日 16:43:33
# @Last Modified time: 2021-11-15 11:06:31
# @E-mail: master@weiyigeek.top
# @Blog: https://www.weiyigeek.top
# @wechat: WeiyiGeeker
# @Github: https://github.com/WeiyiGeek/SecOpsDev/tree/master/OS- 操作系统 /Linux/
# @Version: 3.3
#-------------------------------------------------#
# 脚本次要性能阐明:
# (1) Ubuntu 零碎初始化操作包含 IP 地址设置、根底软件包更新以及装置加固。# (2) Ubuntu 零碎容器以及 JDK 相干环境装置。# (3) Ubuntu 零碎中异样谬误日志解决。# (4) Ubuntu 零碎惯例服务装置配置，退出数据备份目录。# (5) Ubuntu 脚本谬误优化、增加禁用 cloud-init
#-------------------------------------------------#

## 零碎全局变量定义
HOSTNAME=Ubuntu-Security-Template
IP=192.168.1.2
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
DNSIP=("223.5.5.5" "223.6.6.6")
SSHPORT=20211
DefaultUser="WeiyiGeek"  # 零碎创立的用户名称非 root 用户
ROOTPASS=WeiyiGeek       # 明码倡议 12 位以上且蕴含数字、大小写字母以及特殊字符。APPPASS=WeiyiGeek

## 名称: err、info、warning
## 用处：全局 Log 信息打印函数
## 参数: $@
log::err() {printf "[$(date +'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S')]: \033[31mERROR: $@ \033[0m\n"}
log::info() {printf "[$(date +'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S')]: \033[32mINFO: $@ \033[0m\n"}
log::warning() {printf "[$(date +'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S')]: \033[33mWARNING: $@ \033[0m\n"}


## 名称: os::Network
## 用处: 网络配置相干操作脚本包含(IP 地址批改)
## 参数: 无
os::Network () {log::info "[-] 操作系统网络配置相干脚本, 开始执行....."

# (1) IP 地址与主机名称设置
sudo cp /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml{,.bak}
mkdir /opt/init/
sudo tee /opt/init/network.sh <<'EOF'
#!/bin/bash
CURRENT_IP=$(hostname -I | cut -f 1 -d " ")
GATEWAY=$(hostname -I | cut -f 1,2,3 -d ".")
if [[$# -lt 3]];then
  echo "Usage: $0 IP Gateway Hostname"
  exit
fi
echo "IP:${1} # GATEWAY:${2} # HOSTNAME:${3}"
sudo sed -i "s#${CURRENT_IP}#${1}#g" /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml
sudo sed -i "s#${GATEWAY}.1#${2}#g" /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml
sudo hostnamectl set-hostname ${3} 
sudo netplan apply
EOF
sudo chmod +x /opt/init/network.sh

# (2) 本地主机名解析设置
sed -i "s/127.0.1.1\s.\w.*$/127.0.1.1 ${HOSTNAME}/g" /etc/hosts
grep -q "^\$(hostname -I)\s.\w.*$" /etc/hosts && sed -i "s/\$(hostname -I)\s.\w.*$/${IPADDR} ${HOSTNAME}" /etc/hosts || echo "${IPADDR} ${HOSTNAME}" >> /etc/hosts

# (3) 零碎 DNS 域名解析服务设置
cp -a /etc/resolv.conf{,.bak}
for dns in ${DNSIP[@]};do echo "nameserver ${dns}" >> /etc/resolv.conf;done

sudo /opt/init/network.sh ${IP} ${GATEWAY} ${HOSTNAME}
log::info "[*] network configure modifiy successful! restarting Network........."
}


## 名称: os::Software
## 用处: 操作系统软件包治理及更新源配置
## 参数: 无
os::Software () {log::info "[-] 操作系统软件包治理及更新源配置相干脚本, 开始执行....."

# (1) 卸载多余软件，例如 snap 软件及其服务
sudo systemctl stop snapd snapd.socket #进行 snapd 相干的过程服务
sudo apt autoremove --purge -y snapd
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo rm -rf ~/snap /snap /var/snap /var/lib/snapd /var/cache/snapd /run/snapd

# (2) 软件源设置与零碎更新
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list{,.bak}
sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list <<'EOF'
#阿里云 Mirrors - Ubuntu
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
EOF

# (3) 内核版本升级以及惯例软件装置
sudo apt autoclean && sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
sudo apt install -y nano vim git unzip wget ntpdate dos2unix net-tools tree htop ncdu nload sysstat psmisc bash-completion fail2ban  gcc g++ make jq nfs-common rpcbind libpam-cracklib

# (4) 代理形式进行更新
# sudo apt autoclean && sudo apt -o Acquire::http::proxy="http://proxy.weiyigeek.top/" update && sudo apt -o Acquire::http::proxy="http://proxy.weiyigeek.top" upgrade -y
# sudo apt install -o Acquire::http::proxy="http://proxy.weiyigeek.top/" -y nano vim git unzip wget ntpdate dos2unix net-tools tree htop ncdu nload sysstat psmisc bash-completion fail2ban
}


## 名称: os::TimedataZone
## 用处: 操作系统工夫与时区同步配置
## 参数: 无
os::TimedataZone () {log::info "[*] 操作系统零碎工夫时区配置相干脚本, 开始执行....."

# (1) 工夫同步服务端容器(可选也能够用内部 ntp 服务器) : docker run -d --rm --cap-add SYS_TIME -e ALLOW_CIDR=0.0.0.0/0 -p 123:123/udp geoffh1977/chrony
echo "同步前的工夫: $(date -R)"

# 形式 1.Chrony 客户端配置
apt install -y chrony
grep -q "192.168.12.254" /etc/chrony/chrony.conf || sudo tee -a /etc/chrony/chrony.conf <<'EOF'
pool 192.168.10.254 iburst maxsources 1
pool 192.168.12.254 iburst maxsources 1
pool 192.168.4.254 iburst maxsources 1
pool ntp.aliyun.com iburst maxsources 4
keyfile /etc/chrony/chrony.keys
driftfile /var/lib/chrony/chrony.drift
logdir /var/log/chrony
maxupdateskew 100.0
rtcsync
# 容许跳跃式校时 如果在前 3 次校时中时间差大于 1.0s
makestep 1 3
EOF
systemctl enable chrony && systemctl restart chrony && systemctl status chrony -l

# 形式 2
# sudo ntpdate 192.168.10.254 || sudo ntpdate 192.168.12.215 || sudo ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com

# 形式 3
# echo 'NTP=192.168.10.254 192.168.4.254' >> /etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf
# echo 'FallbackNTP=ntp.aliyun.com' >> /etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf
# systemctl restart systemd-timesyncd.service

# (2) 时区与地区设置: 
sudo cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
sudo timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
# sudo dpkg-reconfigure tzdata  # 批改确认
# sudo bash -c "echo'Asia/Shanghai'> /etc/timezone" # 与上一条命令一样
# 将以后的 UTC 工夫写入硬件时钟 (硬件工夫默认为 UTC)
sudo timedatectl set-local-rtc 0
# 启用 NTP 工夫同步：sudo timedatectl set-ntp yes
# 校准工夫服务器 - 工夫同步(举荐应用 chronyc 进行平滑同步)
sudo chronyc tracking
# 手动校准 - 强制更新工夫
# chronyc -a makestep
# 零碎时钟同步硬件时钟
# sudo hwclock --systohc
sudo hwclock -w

# (3) 重启依赖于零碎工夫的服务
sudo systemctl restart rsyslog.service cron.service
log::info "[*] Tie confmigure modifiy successful! restarting chronyd rsyslog.service crond.service........."
timedatectl
}


## 名称: os::Security
## 用处: 操作系统平安加固配置脚本(合乎等保要求 - 三级要求)
## 参数: 无
os::Security () {log::info "正在进行 -> 操作系统平安加固 (合乎等保要求 - 三级要求) 配置"

# (0) 零碎用户核查配置
  log::info "[-] 锁定或者删除多余的零碎账户以及创立低权限用户"
userdel -r lxd
groupdel lxd
defaultuser=(root daemon bin sys games man lp mail news uucp proxy www-data backup list irc gnats nobody systemd-network systemd-resolve systemd-timesync messagebus syslog _apt tss uuidd tcpdump landscape pollinate usbmux sshd systemd-coredump _chrony)
for i in $(cat /etc/passwd | cut -d ":" -f 1,7);do
  flag=0; name=${i%%:*}; terminal=${i##*:}
  if [["${terminal}" == "/bin/bash" || "${terminal}" == "/bin/sh" ]];then
    log::warning "${i} 用户，shell 终端为 /bin/bash 或者 /bin/sh"
  fi
  for j in ${defaultuser[@]};do
    if [["${name}" == "${j}" ]];then
      flag=1
      break;
    fi
  done
  if [[$flag -eq 0]];then
    log::warning "${i} 非默认用户"
  fi
done
cp /etc/shadow /etc/shadow-`date +%Y%m%d`.bak
passwd -l adm&>/dev/null 2&>/dev/null; passwd -l daemon&>/dev/null 2&>/dev/null; passwd -l bin&>/dev/null 2&>/dev/null; passwd -l sys&>/dev/null 2&>/dev/null; passwd -l lp&>/dev/null 2&>/dev/null; passwd -l uucp&>/dev/null 2&>/dev/null; passwd -l nuucp&>/dev/null 2&>/dev/null; passwd -l smmsplp&>/dev/null 2&>/dev/null; passwd -l mail&>/dev/null 2&>/dev/null; passwd -l operator&>/dev/null 2&>/dev/null; passwd -l games&>/dev/null 2&>/dev/null; passwd -l gopher&>/dev/null 2&>/dev/null; passwd -l ftp&>/dev/null 2&>/dev/null; passwd -l nobody&>/dev/null 2&>/dev/null; passwd -l nobody4&>/dev/null 2&>/dev/null; passwd -l noaccess&>/dev/null 2&>/dev/null; passwd -l listen&>/dev/null 2&>/dev/null; passwd -l webservd&>/dev/null 2&>/dev/null; passwd -l rpm&>/dev/null 2&>/dev/null; passwd -l dbus&>/dev/null 2&>/dev/null; passwd -l avahi&>/dev/null 2&>/dev/null; passwd -l mailnull&>/dev/null 2&>/dev/null; passwd -l nscd&>/dev/null 2&>/dev/null; passwd -l vcsa&>/dev/null 2&>/dev/null; passwd -l rpc&>/dev/null 2&>/dev/null; passwd -l rpcuser&>/dev/null 2&>/dev/null; passwd -l nfs&>/dev/null 2&>/dev/null; passwd -l sshd&>/dev/null 2&>/dev/null; passwd -l pcap&>/dev/null 2&>/dev/null; passwd -l ntp&>/dev/null 2&>/dev/null; passwd -l haldaemon&>/dev/null 2&>/dev/null; passwd -l distcache&>/dev/null 2&>/dev/null; passwd -l webalizer&>/dev/null 2&>/dev/null; passwd -l squid&>/dev/null 2&>/dev/null; passwd -l xfs&>/dev/null 2&>/dev/null; passwd -l gdm&>/dev/null 2&>/dev/null; passwd -l sabayon&>/dev/null 2&>/dev/null; passwd -l named&>/dev/null 2&>/dev/null

# (2) 用户明码设置和口令策略设置
  log::info "[-]  配置满足策略的 root 管理员明码"
echo  ${ROOTPASS} | passwd --stdin root

log::info "[-] 配置满足策略的 app 普通用户明码(依据需要配置)"
groupadd application
useradd -m -s /bin/bash -c "application primary user" -g application app 
echo ${APPPASS} | passwd --stdin app

  log::info "[-] 强制用户在下次登录时更改明码"
chage -d 0 -m 0 -M 90 -W 15 root && passwd --expire root 
chage -d 0 -m 0 -M 90 -W 15 ${DefaultUser} && passwd --expire ${DefaultUser} 
chage -d 0 -m 0 -M 90 -W 15 app && passwd --expire app

  log::info "[-] 用户口令复杂性策略设置 (明码过期周期 0~90、到期前 15 天提醒、明码长度至多 15、复杂度设置至多有一个大小写、数字、特殊字符、明码三次不能一样、尝试次数为三次)"
egrep -q "^\s*PASS_MIN_DAYS\s+\S*(\s*#.*)?\s*$" /etc/login.defs && sed -ri "s/^(\s*)PASS_MIN_DAYS\s+\S*(\s*#.*)?\s*$/\PASS_MIN_DAYS  0/" /etc/login.defs || echo "PASS_MIN_DAYS  0" >> /etc/login.defs
egrep -q "^\s*PASS_MAX_DAYS\s+\S*(\s*#.*)?\s*$" /etc/login.defs && sed -ri "s/^(\s*)PASS_MAX_DAYS\s+\S*(\s*#.*)?\s*$/\PASS_MAX_DAYS  90/" /etc/login.defs || echo "PASS_MAX_DAYS  90" >> /etc/login.defs
egrep -q "^\s*PASS_WARN_AGE\s+\S*(\s*#.*)?\s*$" /etc/login.defs && sed -ri "s/^(\s*)PASS_WARN_AGE\s+\S*(\s*#.*)?\s*$/\PASS_WARN_AGE  15/" /etc/login.defs || echo "PASS_WARN_AGE  15" >> /etc/login.defs
egrep -q "^\s*PASS_MIN_LEN\s+\S*(\s*#.*)?\s*$" /etc/login.defs && sed -ri "s/^(\s*)PASS_MIN_LEN\s+\S*(\s*#.*)?\s*$/\PASS_MIN_LEN  15/" /etc/login.defs || echo "PASS_MIN_LEN  15" >> /etc/login.defs

egrep -q "^password\s.+pam_cracklib.so\s+\w+.*$" /etc/pam.d/common-password && sed -ri '/^password\s.+pam_cracklib.so/{s/pam_cracklib.so\s+\w+.*$/pam_cracklib.so retry=3 minlen=15 ucredit=-1 lcredit=-1 dcredit=-1 ocredit=-1 difok=1/g;}' /etc/pam.d/common-password
egrep -q "^password\s.+pam_unix.so\s+\w+.*$" /etc/pam.d/common-password && sed -ri '/^password\s.+pam_unix.so/{s/pam_unix.so\s+\w+.*$/pam_unix.so obscure use_authtok try_first_pass sha512 remember=3/g;}' /etc/pam.d/common-password

  log::info "[-] 存储用户明码的文件，其内容通过 sha512 加密，所以十分留神其权限"
touch /etc/security/opasswd && chown root:root /etc/security/opasswd && chmod 600 /etc/security/opasswd 


# (3) 用户 sudo 权限以及重要目录和文件的权限设置
  log::info "[-] 用户 sudo 权限以及重要目录和文件的新建默认权限设置"
# 如 uBuntu 装置时您创立的用户 WeiyiGeek 避免间接通过 sudo passwd 批改 root 明码(此时必须要求输出 WeiyiGeek 明码后才可批改 root 明码)
# Tips: Sudo 容许受权用户权限以另一个用户（通常是 root 用户）的身份运行程序, 
# DefaultUser="weiyigeek"
sed -i "/# Members of the admin/i ${DefaultUser} ALL=(ALL) PASSWD:ALL" /etc/sudoers


  log::info "[-] 配置用户 umask 为 022"
egrep -q "^\s*umask\s+\w+.*$" /etc/profile && sed -ri "s/^\s*umask\s+\w+.*$/umask 022/" /etc/profile || echo "umask 022" >> /etc/profile
egrep -q "^\s*umask\s+\w+.*$" /etc/bash.bashrc && sed -ri "s/^\s*umask\s+\w+.*$/umask 022/" /etc/bashrc || echo "umask 022" >> /etc/bash.bashrc
# log::info "[-] 设置用户目录创立默认权限, (初始为 077 比拟严格)，在设置 umask 为 022 及 777 - 022"
# egrep -q "^\s*(umask|UMASK)\s+\w+.*$" /etc/login.defs && sed -ri "s/^\s*(umask|UMASK)\s+\w+.*$/UMASK 022/" /etc/login.defs || echo "UMASK 022" >> /etc/login.defs

  log::info "[-] 设置或复原重要目录和文件的权限"
chmod 755 /etc; 
chmod 777 /tmp; 
chmod 700 /etc/inetd.conf&>/dev/null 2&>/dev/null; 
chmod 755 /etc/passwd; 
chmod 755 /etc/shadow; 
chmod 644 /etc/group; 
chmod 755 /etc/security; 
chmod 644 /etc/services; 
chmod 750 /etc/rc*.d
chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

  log::info "[-] 删除潜在威逼文件"
find / -maxdepth 3 -name hosts.equiv | xargs rm -rf
find / -maxdepth 3 -name .netrc | xargs rm -rf
find / -maxdepth 3 -name .rhosts | xargs rm -rf


# (4) SSHD 服务平安加固设置
log::info "[-] sshd 服务平安加固设置"
# 严格模式
sudo egrep -q "^\s*StrictModes\s+.+$" /etc/ssh/sshd_config && sed -ri "s/^(#)?\s*StrictModes\s+.+$/StrictModes yes/" /etc/ssh/sshd_config || echo "StrictModes yes" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config
# 监听端口更改
if [-e ${SSHPORT} ];then export SSHPORT=20211;fi
sudo egrep -q "^\s*Port\s+.+$" /etc/ssh/sshd_config && sed -ri "s/^(#)?\s*Port\s+.+$/Port ${SSHPORT}/" /etc/ssh/sshd_config || echo "Port ${SSHPORT}" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config
# 禁用 X11 转发以及端口转发
sudo egrep -q "^\s*X11Forwarding\s+.+$" /etc/ssh/sshd_config && sed -ri "s/^(#)?\s*X11Forwarding\s+.+$/X11Forwarding no/" /etc/ssh/sshd_config || echo "X11Forwarding no" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sudo egrep -q "^\s*X11UseLocalhost\s+.+$" /etc/ssh/sshd_config && sed -ri "s/^(#)?\s*X11UseLocalhost\s+.+$/X11UseLocalhost yes/" /etc/ssh/sshd_config || echo "X11UseLocalhost yes" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sudo egrep -q "^\s*AllowTcpForwarding\s+.+$" /etc/ssh/sshd_config && sed -ri "s/^(#)?\s*AllowTcpForwarding\s+.+$/AllowTcpForwarding no/" /etc/ssh/sshd_config || echo "AllowTcpForwarding no" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sudo egrep -q "^\s*AllowAgentForwarding\s+.+$" /etc/ssh/sshd_config && sed -ri "s/^(#)?\s*AllowAgentForwarding\s+.+$/AllowAgentForwarding no/" /etc/ssh/sshd_config || echo "AllowAgentForwarding no" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config
# 敞开禁用用户的 .rhosts 文件  ~/.ssh/.rhosts 来做为认证: 缺省 IgnoreRhosts yes 
egrep -q "^(#)?\s*IgnoreRhosts\s+.+$" /etc/ssh/sshd_config && sed -ri "s/^(#)?\s*IgnoreRhosts\s+.+$/IgnoreRhosts yes/" /etc/ssh/sshd_config || echo "IgnoreRhosts yes" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config
# 禁止 root 近程登录（举荐配置 - 依据需要配置）egrep -q "^\s*PermitRootLogin\s+.+$" /etc/ssh/sshd_config && sed -ri "s/^\s*PermitRootLogin\s+.+$/PermitRootLogin no/" /etc/ssh/sshd_config || echo "PermitRootLogin no" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config
# 登陆前后欢送提醒设置
egrep -q "^\s*(banner|Banner)\s+\W+.*$" /etc/ssh/sshd_config && sed -ri "s/^\s*(banner|Banner)\s+\W+.*$/Banner \/etc\/issue/" /etc/ssh/sshd_config || \
echo "Banner /etc/issue" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config
log::info "[-] 近程 SSH 登录前后提醒正告 Banner 设置"
# SSH 登录前正告 Banner
sudo tee /etc/issue <<'EOF'
****************** [平安登陆 (Security Login) ] *****************
Authorized only. All activity will be monitored and reported.By Security Center.
EOF
# SSH 登录后提醒 Banner
sed -i '/^fi/a\\n\necho"\\e[1;37;41;5m################## 平安运维 (Security Operation) ####################\\e[0m"\necho"\\e[32mLogin success. Please execute the commands and operation data carefully.By WeiyiGeek.\\e[0m"' /etc/update-motd.d/00-header


# (5) 用户近程登录失败次数与终端超时设置 
  log::info "[-] 用户近程间断登录失败 10 次锁定帐号 5 分钟包含 root 账号"
sed -ri "/^\s*auth\s+required\s+pam_tally2.so\s+.+(\s*#.*)?\s*$/d" /etc/pam.d/sshd 
sed -ri '2a auth required pam_tally2.so deny=10 unlock_time=300 even_deny_root root_unlock_time=300' /etc/pam.d/sshd 
# 宿主机控制台登陆(可选)
# sed -ri "/^\s*auth\s+required\s+pam_tally2.so\s+.+(\s*#.*)?\s*$/d" /etc/pam.d/login
# sed -ri '2a auth required pam_tally2.so deny=5 unlock_time=300 even_deny_root root_unlock_time=300' /etc/pam.d/login

  log::info "[-] 设置登录超时工夫为 10 分钟"
egrep -q "^\s*(export|)\s*TMOUT\S\w+.*$" /etc/profile && sed -ri "s/^\s*(export|)\s*TMOUT.\S\w+.*$/export TMOUT=600\nreadonly TMOUT/" /etc/profile || echo -e "export TMOUT=600\nreadonly TMOUT" >> /etc/profile
egrep -q "^\s*.*ClientAliveInterval\s\w+.*$" /etc/ssh/sshd_config && sed -ri "s/^\s*.*ClientAliveInterval\s\w+.*$/ClientAliveInterval 600/" /etc/ssh/sshd_config || echo "ClientAliveInterval 600" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config


# (5) 切换用户日志记录或者切换命令更改(可选)
  log::info "[-] 切换用户日志记录和切换命令更改名称为 SU"
egrep -q "^(\s*)SULOG_FILE\s+\S*(\s*#.*)?\s*$" /etc/login.defs && sed -ri "s/^(\s*)SULOG_FILE\s+\S*(\s*#.*)?\s*$/\SULOG_FILE  \/var\/log\/.history\/sulog/" /etc/login.defs || echo "SULOG_FILE  /var/log/.history/sulog" >> /etc/login.defs
egrep -q "^\s*SU_NAME\s+\S*(\s*#.*)?\s*$" /etc/login.defs && sed -ri "s/^(\s*)SU_NAME\s+\S*(\s*#.*)?\s*$/\SU_NAME  SU/" /etc/login.defs || echo "SU_NAME  SU" >> /etc/login.defs
mkdir -vp /usr/local/bin /var/log/.backups /var/log/.history /var/log/.history/sulog
cp /usr/bin/su /var/log/.backups/su.bak
mv /usr/bin/su /usr/bin/SU
# 只能写入不能删除其目标目录中的文件
# chmod -R 1777 /var/log/.history
chattr -R +a /var/log/.history 
chattr +a /var/log/.backups

# (6) 用户终端执行的历史命令记录
log::info "[-] 用户终端执行的历史命令记录"
egrep -q "^HISTSIZE\W\w+.*$" /etc/profile && sed -ri "s/^HISTSIZE\W\w+.*$/HISTSIZE=101/" /etc/profile || echo "HISTSIZE=101" >> /etc/profile
# 形式 1
sudo tee /etc/profile.d/history-record.sh <<'EOF'
# 历史命令执行记录文件门路
LOGTIME=$(date +%Y%m%d-%H-%M-%S)
export HISTFILE="/var/log/.history/${USER}.${LOGTIME}.history"
if [! -f ${HISTFILE} ];then
  touch ${HISTFILE}
fi
chmod 600 /var/log/.history/${USER}.${LOGTIME}.history
# 历史命令执行文件大小记录设置
HISTFILESIZE=128
HISTTIMEFORMAT="%F_%T $(whoami)#$(who -u am i 2>/dev/null| awk'{print $NF}'|sed -e's/[()]//g'):"
EOF
# 形式 2. 未能胜利(如后续有小伙伴胜利了欢送留言分享)
# sudo tee /usr/local/bin/history.sh <<'EOF'
# #!/bin/bash
# logfiletime=$(date +%Y%m%d-%H-%M-%S)
# # unalias "history"
# if [$# -eq 0];then history;fi
# for i in $*;do
#   if ["$i" = "-c"];then 
#     mv ~/.bash_history > /var/log/.history/${logfiletime}.history
#     history -c
#     continue;
#   fi
# done
# alias history="source /usr/local/bin/history.sh"
# EOF


# (7) GRUB 平安设置（须要手动设置请依照需要设置）log::info "[-] 零碎 GRUB 平安设置(避免物理接触从 grub 菜单中批改明码)"
# Grub 要害文件备份
cp -a /etc/grub.d/00_header /var/log/.backups 
cp -a /etc/grub.d/10_linux /var/log/.backups 
# 设置 Grub 菜单界面显示工夫
sed -i -e 's|GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=hidden|#GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=hidden|g' -e 's|GRUB_TIMEOUT=0|GRUB_TIMEOUT=3|g' /etc/default/grub
sed -i -e 's|set timeout_style=${style}|#set timeout_style=${style}|g' -e 's|set timeout=${timeout}|set timeout=3|g' /etc/grub.d/00_header
# 创立认证明码 (此处明码: WeiyiGeek)
sudo grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2
# Enter password:
# Reenter password:
# PBKDF2 hash of your password is grub.pbkdf2.sha512.10000.21AC9CEF61B96972BF6F918D2037EFBEB8280001045ED32DFDDCC260591CC6BC8957CF25A6755904A7053E97940A9E4CD5C1EF833C1651C1BCF09D899BED4C7C.9691521F5BB34CD8AEFCED85F4B830A86EC93B61A31885BCBE3FEE927D54EFDEE69FA8B51DBC00FCBDB618D4082BC22B2B6BA4161C7E6B990C4E5CFC9E9748D7
# 设置认证用户以及 password_pbkdf2 认证
tee -a /etc/grub.d/00_header <<'END'
cat <<'EOF'
# GRUB Authentication
set superusers="grub"
password_pbkdf2 grub grub.pbkdf2.sha512.10000.21AC9CEF61B96972BF6F918D2037EFBEB8280001045ED32DFDDCC260591CC6BC8957CF25A6755904A7053E97940A9E4CD5C1EF833C1651C1BCF09D899BED4C7C.9691521F5BB34CD8AEFCED85F4B830A86EC93B61A31885BCBE3FEE927D54EFDEE69FA8B51DBC00FCBDB618D4082BC22B2B6BA4161C7E6B990C4E5CFC9E9748D7
EOF
END
# 设置进入正式零碎不须要认证如进入单用户模式进行重置账号密码时须要进行认证。（高敏感数据库系统不倡议下述操作）# 在 191 和 193 别离退出 --user=grub 和 --unrestricted
# 191       echo "menuentry --user=grub'$(echo "$title" | grub_quote)'${CLASS} \$menuentry_id_option'gnulinux-$version-$type-$boot_device_id'{" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/"  # 如果按 e 进行 menu 菜单则须要用 grub 进行认证
# 192   else
# 193       echo "menuentry --unrestricted'$(echo "$os" | grub_quote)'${CLASS} \$menuentry_id_option'gnulinux-simple-$boot_device_id'{" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/"          # 失常进入零碎则不认证

sed -i '/echo"$title"| grub_quote/ {s/menuentry /menuentry --user=grub /;}' /etc/grub.d/10_linux
sed -i '/echo"$os"| grub_quote/ {s/menuentry /menuentry --unrestricted /;}' /etc/grub.d/10_linux

# Ubuntu 形式更新 GRUB 从而生成 boot 启动文件。update-grub


# (8) 操作系统防火墙启用以及策略设置
  log::info "[-] 零碎防火墙启用以及规定设置"
systemctl enable ufw.service && systemctl start ufw.service && ufw enable
sudo ufw allow proto tcp to any port 20211
# 重启批改配置相干服务
systemctl restart sshd
}



## 名称: os::Operation 
## 用处: 操作系统平安运维设置
## 参数: 无
os::Operation () {log::info "[-] 操作系统平安运维设置相干脚本"

# (0) 禁用 ctrl+alt+del 组合键对系统重启 (必须要配置, 我曾入过坑)
  log::info "[-] 禁用控制台 ctrl+alt+del 组合键重启"
mv /usr/lib/systemd/system/ctrl-alt-del.target /var/log/.backups/ctrl-alt-del.target-$(date +%Y%m%d).bak

# (1) 设置文件删除回收站别名
  log::info "[-] 设置文件删除回收站别名(避免误删文件)"
sudo tee /etc/profile.d/alias.sh <<'EOF'
# User specific aliases and functions
# 删除回收站
# find ~/.trash -delete
# 删除空目录
# find ~/.trash -type d -delete
alias rm="sh /usr/local/bin/remove.sh"
EOF
sudo tee /usr/local/bin/remove.sh <<'EOF'
#!/bin/sh
# 定义回收站文件夹目录.trash
trash="/.trash"
deltime=$(date +%Y%m%d-%H-%M-%S)
TRASH_DIR="${HOME}${trash}/${deltime}"
# 建设回收站目录当不存在的时候
if [! -e ${TRASH_DIR} ];then
   mkdir -p ${TRASH_DIR}
fi
for i in $*;do
  if ["$i" = "-rf"];then continue;fi
  # 避免误操作
  if ["$i" = "/"];then echo '# Danger delete command, Not delete / directory!';exit -1;fi
  #定义秒工夫戳
  STAMP=$(date +%s)
  #失去文件名称(非文件夹)，参考 man basename
  fileName=$(basename $i)
  #将输出的参数，对应文件 mv 至.trash 目录，文件后缀，为以后的工夫戳
  mv $i ${TRASH_DIR}/${fileName}.${STAMP}
done
EOF
sudo chmod +775 /usr/local/bin/remove.sh /etc/profile.d/alias.sh /etc/profile.d/history-record.sh
sudo chmod a+x /usr/local/bin/remove.sh /etc/profile.d/alias.sh /etc/profile.d/history-record.sh
source /etc/profile.d/alias.sh  /etc/profile.d/history-record.sh


# (2) 解决一般定时工作无奈后盾定时执行
log::info "[-] 解决一般定时工作无奈后盾定时执行"
linenumber=`expr $(egrep -n "pam_unix.so\s$" /etc/pam.d/common-session-noninteractive | cut -f 1 -d ":") - 2`
sudo sed -ri "${linenumber}a session [success=1 default=ignore] pam_succeed_if.so service in cron quiet use_uid" /etc/pam.d/common-session-noninteractive


# (3) 解决 ubuntu20.04 multipath add missing path 谬误
# 增加以下内容,sda 视本地环境做调整
tee -a /etc/multipath.conf <<'EOF'
blacklist {devnode "^sda"}
EOF
# 重启 multipath-tools 服务
sudo service multipath-tools restart

# (4) 禁用 Ubuntu 中的 cloud-init
# 在 /etc/cloud 目录下创立 cloud-init.disabled 文件, 留神重启后失效
sudo touch /etc/cloud/cloud-init.disabled
}



## 名称: os::optimizationn
## 用处: 操作系统优化设置(内核参数)
## 参数: 无
os::optimizationn () {log::info "[-] 正在进行操作系统内核参数优化设置......."

# (1) 零碎内核参数的配置(/etc/sysctl.conf)
log::info "[-] 零碎内核参数的配置 /etc/sysctl.conf"

# /etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-cri.conf
egrep -q "^(#)?net.ipv4.ip_forward.*" /etc/sysctl.conf && sed -ri "s|^(#)?net.ipv4.ip_forward.*|net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1|g"  /etc/sysctl.conf || echo "net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
# egrep -q "^(#)?net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables.*" /etc/sysctl.conf && sed -ri "s|^(#)?net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables.*|net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1|g" /etc/sysctl.conf || echo "net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf 
# egrep -q "^(#)?net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables.*" /etc/sysctl.conf && sed -ri "s|^(#)?net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables.*|net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1|g" /etc/sysctl.conf || echo "net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
egrep -q "^(#)?net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6.*" /etc/sysctl.conf && sed -ri "s|^(#)?net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6.*|net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1|g" /etc/sysctl.conf || echo "net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
egrep -q "^(#)?net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6.*" /etc/sysctl.conf && sed -ri "s|^(#)?net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6.*|net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1|g" /etc/sysctl.conf || echo "net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
egrep -q "^(#)?net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6.*" /etc/sysctl.conf && sed -ri "s|^(#)?net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6.*|net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1|g" /etc/sysctl.conf || echo "net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
egrep -q "^(#)?net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding.*" /etc/sysctl.conf && sed -ri "s|^(#)?net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding.*|net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 1|g" /etc/sysctl.conf || echo "net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 1"  >> /etc/sysctl.conf
egrep -q "^(#)?vm.max_map_count.*" /etc/sysctl.conf && sed -ri "s|^(#)?vm.max_map_count.*|vm.max_map_count = 262144|g" /etc/sysctl.conf || echo "vm.max_map_count = 262144"  >> /etc/sysctl.conf

tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf <<'EOF'
# 调整晋升服务器负载能力之外, 还可能进攻小流量的 Dos、CC 和 SYN 攻打
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
# net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 60
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_fastopen = 3
# 优化 TCP 的可应用端口范畴及晋升服务器并发能力(留神个别流量小的服务器上没必要设置如下参数)
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 1200
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8192
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535
# 优化核套接字 TCP 的缓存区
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 8192
net.core.somaxconn = 8192
net.core.rmem_max = 12582912
net.core.rmem_default = 6291456
net.core.wmem_max = 12582912
net.core.wmem_default = 6291456
EOF


# (2) Linux 零碎的最大过程数和最大文件关上数限度
log::info "[-] Linux 零碎的最大过程数和最大文件关上数限度"
egrep -q "^\s*ulimit -HSn\s+\w+.*$" /etc/profile && sed -ri "s/^\s*ulimit -HSn\s+\w+.*$/ulimit -HSn 65535/" /etc/profile || echo "ulimit -HSn 65535" >> /etc/profile
egrep -q "^\s*ulimit -HSu\s+\w+.*$" /etc/profile && sed -ri "s/^\s*ulimit -HSu\s+\w+.*$/ulimit -HSu 65535/" /etc/profile || echo "ulimit -HSu 65535" >> /etc/profile

tee -a /etc/security/limits.conf <<'EOF'
# ulimit -HSn 65535
# ulimit -HSu 65535
*  soft  nofile  65535
*  hard  nofile  65535
*  soft  nproc   65535
*  hard  nproc   65535
# End of file
EOF
# sed -i "/# End/i *  soft  nproc   65535" /etc/security/limits.conf
# sed -i "/# End/i *  hard  nproc   65535" /etc/security/limits.conf
sysctl -p

# 需重启失效
reboot
}

## 名称: system::swap
## 用处: Liunx 零碎创立 SWAP 替换分区(默认 2G)
## 参数: $1(几 G)
system::swap () {if [ -e $1];then
    sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1024 count=2097152   # 2G Swap 分区 1024 * 1024 , centos 以 1000 为规范
  else
    number=$(echo "${1}*1024*1024"|bc)
    sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1024 count=${number}   # 2G Swap 分区 1024 * 1024 , centos 以 1000 为规范
  fi

  sudo mkswap /swapfile && sudo swapon /swapfile
  if [$(grep -c "/swapfile" /etc/fstab) -eq 0 ];then
sudo tee -a /etc/fstab <<'EOF'
/swapfile swap swap default 0 0
EOF
fi
sudo swapon --show && sudo free -h
}




## 名称: software::Java
## 用处: java 环境装置配置
## 参数: 无
software::Java () {
  # 根底变量
  JAVA_FILE="/root/Downloads/jdk-8u211-linux-x64.tar.gz"
  JAVA_SRC="/usr/local/"
  JAVA_DIR="/usr/local/jdk"
  # 环境配置
  sudo tar -zxvf ${JAVA_FILE} -C ${JAVA_SRC}
  sudo rm -rf /usr/local/jdk 
  JAVA_SRC=$(ls /usr/local/ | grep "jdk")
  sudo ln -s ${JAVA_SRC} ${JAVA_DIR}
  export PATH=${JAVA_DIR}/bin:${PATH}
  sudo cp /etc/profile /etc/profile.$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S).bak
  sudo tee -a /etc/profile <<'EOF'
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk
export JRE_HOME=/usr/local/jdk/jre
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
EOF
  java -version
}


## 名称: software::docker
## 用处: 软件装置之 Docker 装置
## 参数: 无
# 帮忙: https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/ubuntu/
# Ubuntu Focal 20.04 (LTS)
# Ubuntu Bionic 18.04 (LTS)
# Ubuntu Xenial 16.04 (LTS)
function InstallDocker(){
  # 1. 卸载旧版本 
  sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io containerd runc
  
  # 2. 更新 apt 包索引并安装包以容许 apt 在 HTTPS 上应用存储库
  sudo apt-get install -y \
    apt-transport-https \
    ca-certificates \
    curl \
    gnupg-agent \
    software-properties-common

  # 3. 增加 Docker 官网 GPG 密钥 # -fsSL
  sudo curl  https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -

  # 4. 通过搜寻指纹的最初 8 个字符进行密钥验证
  sudo apt-key fingerprint 0EBFCD88

  # 5. 设置稳固存储库
  sudo add-apt-repository \
   "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
   $(lsb_release -cs) \
   stable"

  # 6.Install Docker Engine 默认最新版本
  sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y docker-ce=5:20.10.7~3-0~ubuntu-focal docker-ce-cli=5:20.10.7~3-0~ubuntu-focal containerd.io docker-compose
  # - 强制 IPv4
  # sudo apt-get -o Acquire::ForceIPv4=true  install -y docker-ce=5:19.03.15~3-0~ubuntu-focal docker-ce-cli=5:19.03.15~3-0~ubuntu-focal containerd.io docker-compose

  # 7. 装置特定版本的 Docker 引擎，请在 repo 中列出可用的版本
  apt-cache madison docker-ce
  # docker-ce | 5:20.10.6~3-0~ubuntu-focal| https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal/stable amd64 Packages
  # docker-ce | 5:19.03.15~3-0~ubuntu-focal | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu  xenial/stable amd64 Packages
  # 应用第二列中的版本字符串装置特定的版本，例如:5:18.09.1~3-0~ubuntu-xenial。# $sudo apt-get install docker-ce=<VERSION_STRING> docker-ce-cli=<VERSION_STRING> containerd.io

  #8. 将以后用户退出 docker 用户组而后从新登陆以后用户使得低权限用户
  sudo gpasswd -a ${USER} docker
  # sudo gpasswd -a weiyigeek docker

  #9. 加速器建设
  mkdir -vp /etc/docker/
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{"registry-mirrors": ["https://xlx9erfu.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
  "storage-driver": "overlay2",
  "log-driver": "json-file",
  "log-level": "warn",
  "log-opts": {
    "max-size": "100m",
    "max-file": "10"
  },
  "live-restore": true,
  "dns": ["192.168.10.254","223.6.6.6"]
}
EOF
  # "data-root":"/monitor/container",
  # "insecure-registries": ["harbor.weiyigeek.top"]
  # 9. 自启与启动
  sudo systemctl daemon-reload
  sudo systemctl enable docker 
  sudo systemctl restart docker

  # 10. 退出登陆失效
  exit
}


## 名称: disk::Lvsmanager
## 用处: uBuntu 操作系统磁盘 LVS 逻辑卷增加与配置(扩容流程)
## 参数: 无
disk::Lvsmanager () {
  echo "\n 分区信息:"
  sudo df -Th
  sudo lsblk
  echo -e "\n 磁盘信息："
  sudo fdisk -l
  echo -e "\n PV 物理卷查看："
  sudo pvscan
  echo -e "\n vgs 虚构卷查看："
  sudo vgs
  echo -e "\n lvscan 逻辑卷扫描:"
  sudo lvscan
  echo -e "\n 分区扩大"
  echo "Ubuntu \n lvextend -L +74G /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv"
  echo "lsblk"
  echo -e "ubuntu general \n # resize2fs -p -F /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv"
}

# 平安加固过程临时文件清理为基线镜像做筹备
unalias rm
find ~/.trash/* -delete
find /home/ -type d -name .trash -exec find {} -delete \;
find /var/log -name "*.gz" -delete
find /var/log -name "*log.*" -delete
find /var/log -name "vmware-*.*.log" -delete
find /var/log -name "*.log-*" -delete
find /var/log -name "*.log" -exec truncate -s 0 {} \;
find /tmp/* -delete
至此 Ubuntu 平安加固脚本结束。
原文地址: Linux 与 Windows 服务器操作系统平安进攻实际指南 (https://blog.weiyigeek.top/20…)
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