关于docker:Docker学习笔记-02概念和命令

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Docker 是怎么工作的？

Docker 是一个 Client – Server 构造的零碎，Docker 的守护过程运行在宿主机上，通过 Socket 从客户端拜访。Docker-Server 收到 Docker-Client 的指令，就会执行命令。

Docker 为什么比 VM 快？

1.Docker 有更少的形象层
2.Docker 利用的是宿主机的内核，VM 须要 Guest OS(操作系统内核)

帮忙命令

docker version
docker info        #零碎信息，包含镜像和容器的数量
docker xxx --help

官网文档：https://docs.docker.com/refer…

镜像命令

docker images --help

docker images 查看所有本地镜像

REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    d1165f221234   4 months ago   13.3kB

REPOSITORY  #镜像仓库源  
TAG         #镜像标签
IMAGE ID    #镜像 ID   
CREATED     #镜像创立工夫   
SIZE        #镜像大小

#可选项
-a --all      #列出所有镜像
-q --quiet    #只显示镜像 ID

docker search 搜寻镜像

docker search mysql

#可选项
-f --filter #过滤条件

--fitler=STARS=3000 #珍藏 3000 以上的镜像

docker pull 下载镜像

Dockerhub 地址：https://hub.docker.com

docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST]
OPTIONS #可选项
NAME    #镜像名
TAG     #镜像标签

#指定版本下载
docker pull mysql:5.7

docker rmi 删除镜像

docker rmi -f 容器 ID1 ... 容器 IDN
#删除全副镜像
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)

容器命令

docker run 新建并启动容器

docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
 
#参数阐明
--name #容器名
-d     #后盾形式运行  
-it    #交互方式运行，进入容器查看  
-p     #指定容器端口
-P     #随机指定端口

#测试：启动并进入容器
docker pull centos
docker run -it centos /bin/bash      
#退出容器
exit #容器进行并退出
CTRL + P + Q #不进行退出

docker ps 列出容器

docker ps #列出以后正在运行的容器

-a   #列出以后正在运行的容器 + 历史运行过的容器
-n=? #最近创立的容器
-q   #只显示容器编号

docker rm 删除容器

docker rm 容器 ID
docker rm $(docker ps -aq) #删除所有容器

-f #强制删除（包含运行中的容器）

docker start 启动容器

docker start 容器 ID
docker restart 容器 ID
docker stop 容器 ID
docker kill 容器 ID

docker logs 查看日志

docker logs -tf --tail 10 容器 ID #显示指定行数
docker logs -t -f 容器 ID         #显示日志

docker top 查看过程

docker top 容器 ID

docker inspect 查看元数据

docker inspect 容器 ID

[
    {
        "Id": "d3b9799417b69391ba9bdd644b7a5604780cecc371a6511a62b5503d063c3e63",
        "Created": "2021-07-29T23:22:16.737750806Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "exited",
            "Running": false,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 0,
            "ExitCode": 137,
            "Error": "","StartedAt":"2021-07-29T23:31:58.686730736Z","FinishedAt":"2021-07-29T23:32:10.840176294Z"},"Image":"sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55","ResolvConfPath":"/var/lib/docker/containers/d3b9799417b69391ba9bdd644b7a5604780cecc371a6511a62b5503d063c3e63/resolv.conf","HostnamePath":"/var/lib/docker/containers/d3b9799417b69391ba9bdd644b7a5604780cecc371a6511a62b5503d063c3e63/hostname","HostsPath":"/var/lib/docker/containers/d3b9799417b69391ba9bdd644b7a5604780cecc371a6511a62b5503d063c3e63/hosts","LogPath":"/var/lib/docker/containers/d3b9799417b69391ba9bdd644b7a5604780cecc371a6511a62b5503d063c3e63/d3b9799417b69391ba9bdd644b7a5604780cecc371a6511a62b5503d063c3e63-json.log","Name":"/optimistic_bartik","RestartCount": 0,"Driver":"overlay2","Platform":"linux","MountLabel":"",
        "ProcessLabel": "","AppArmorProfile":"",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "","LogConfig": {"Type":"json-file","Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "","VolumesFrom": null,"CapAdd": null,"CapDrop": null,"CgroupnsMode":"host","Dns": [],"DnsOptions": [],"DnsSearch": [],"ExtraHosts": null,"GroupAdd": null,"IpcMode":"private","Cgroup":"",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "","Privileged": false,"PublishAllPorts": false,"ReadonlyRootfs": false,"SecurityOpt": null,"UTSMode":"",
            "UsernsMode": "","ShmSize": 67108864,"Runtime":"runc","ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "","CpuShares": 0,"Memory": 0,"NanoCpus": 0,"CgroupParent":"",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "","CpusetMems":"",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/fd5fe8080f2c13c00311711f4e51865588f39c784047fcdce26d4611f6128587-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/27c6cfd367d905528b550279efab95fa7f52c97abb12625131c408b6dea72fe7/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/fd5fe8080f2c13c00311711f4e51865588f39c784047fcdce26d4611f6128587/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/fd5fe8080f2c13c00311711f4e51865588f39c784047fcdce26d4611f6128587/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/fd5fe8080f2c13c00311711f4e51865588f39c784047fcdce26d4611f6128587/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "d3b9799417b6",
            "Domainname": "","User":"",
            "AttachStdin": true,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": true,
            "Env": ["PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"],
            "Cmd": ["/bin/bash"],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "","Entrypoint": null,"OnBuild": null,"Labels": {"org.label-schema.build-date":"20201204","org.label-schema.license":"GPLv2","org.label-schema.name":"CentOS Base Image","org.label-schema.schema-version":"1.0","org.label-schema.vendor":"CentOS"}
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "","SandboxID":"0ac7744565902b645737fcc3eabd47c9c27a7babaa0856ec55e466a7237e6ba8","HairpinMode": false,"LinkLocalIPv6Address":"",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/0ac774456590",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "","Gateway":"",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "","GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"IPAddress":"",
            "IPPrefixLen": 0,
            "IPv6Gateway": "","MacAddress":"",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "2d10dc4aa739ceb9a9aad3c64688a40431ff71e5dfaed298ec83265434d7863c",
                    "EndpointID": "","Gateway":"",
                    "IPAddress": "","IPPrefixLen": 0,"IPv6Gateway":"",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "","GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"MacAddress":"",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

docker exec\attach 进入以后正在运行的容器

docker exec -it 容器 ID /bin/bash  
#进入容器后开启新的终端，能够操作

docker attach 容器 ID
#进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的过程

docker cp 拷贝文件

docker cp 容器 ID: 容器内门路 宿主机门路

其余

docker run -d 容器 ID
docker ps 发现容器进行了

起因：docker 容器在后盾运行，必须有一个前台过程，如果 docker 发现没有利用，就会主动进行

小结

正文完

docker

发表至： docker

2021-07-31

0

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