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CS3103: Operating
Systems
Spring 2021
Programming Assignment 2
1 Goals
The purpose ofthis assignment is to helpyou:
• get familiar with multi-threaded programming using pthread
• get familiar with mutual exclusion using mutexes
• get familiar with synchronization using semaphores
2 Background
Sentiment analysis, which is a powerful technique based on natural language processing,
has a wide range of applications, including consumer reviews analysis, recommender
system, political campaigning, stock speculation, etc. A sentiment analysis model requires a
large text corpus, which consists of classified articles grabbed from the internet using web
crawlers.
In the simplest scenario, a text corpus can be built by two components: a web crawler and a
classifier. The crawler browses through web pages and grabs articles from websites. The
grabbed articles are stored in a buffer, from which the classifier processes articles and
classifies them.
Considering the complexity of modern websites, it usually takes a long time for a crawler to
locate and grab an article from the web page. So, the speed of crawlers is usually too slow
for the classifier. Thus, multiple crawlers would be a better choice.
3 Components and Requirements
You are required to design and implement three crawlers, a buffer and a classifier in
C/C++ on Linux (other languages are not allowed). Mutual exclusion and synchronization
must be done with mutex and semaphore provided in libraries <pthread.h> and
<semaphore.h>.
3.1 crawler
Each crawler thread is created to grab articles from websites and load them into the
buffer. It keeps doing grabbing and loading job, which takes time interval_A, until
the buffer is full. And then it starts waiting until the classifier deletes an article from
the buffer.
A function char* str_generator(void), is provided to generate articles for the
crawler to grab and each article is represented by a string of 50 characters.
3.2 buffer
The buffer structure is a first-in-first-out (FIFO) queue. It is used to store the grabbed
articles from crawlers temporarily, until they are taken by the classifier. It can store up to
12 articles at the same time. You need to implement your own queue. You are not allowed
to use standard c++ library (e.g., queue or other container provided by standard template
library) or third-party libraries.
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3.3 classifier
A classifier thread is created to classify the articles grabbed by the crawlers in FIFO order.
Specifically, there are two steps in the procedure:
- Pre-processing: the classifier makes a copy of the article at the head of the buffer, changes
all the uppercase letter (‘A’-‘Z’) to lowercase letter (‘a’-‘z’) and deletes any symbol that is not
a letter. Classification: the classifier classifies the article into one of the 13 classes based on the
first letter, x, of the processed article as follows.
Class label = int(x –‘a’)%13 + 1
Next, an auto-increasing key starting from 1 will be given to the classified article. (So, the
keys of classified articles are 1, 2, 3, …). At last, the key, the class label and the original
article, are stored to the text corpus in a text file. Then, the classifier deletes the classified
article in the buffer. The whole procedure takes time of interval_B.
3.4 termination
The articles are divided into 13 classes. Denote the number of articles in each class as C1, C2,
… C13, and p = min{C1, C2, … C13}. When p ≥ 5, the classifier notifies all crawlers to quit after
finishing the current job at hand, and then the program terminates.
3.5 input arguments
Your program has to accept the following two arguments in input order:
interval_A, interval_B: integer, unit: microsecond.
3.6 sample outputs
The outputs of your program are:
• A table with multiple columns shown on the screen, each column shows the
activities of a single thread in time order, and each row shows only one single
activity of a thread.
• The text corpus, each line consists of a key, a class label and an article separated by a
space.
All activities that need to be recorded for each thread are listed below, together with their
abbreviations.
Crawler:
start – crawler starts.
grab – crawler starts to grab an article.
f-grab – an article has been grabbed and loaded into the buffer.
wait – crawler starts waiting for available space in the buffer.
s-wait – crawler stops waiting.
quit – crawler finished all job and about to quit.
Classifier:
start – classifier starts.
clfy – classifier starts to classify an article.
f-clfy – the article has been classified and deleted from the buffer.
k-enough – k number of articles have been classified and the classifier notifies all
threads to quit.
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n-stored – a total n articles have been stored in the text corpus.
quit – classifier finished all job and about to quit.
Below are sample output of the table on the screen and the text corpus. For example, in the
table, crawler1 started at t1, then, crawler2 started at t2 and grabbed at t3, and so on.Beginning of the table End of the table
text corpus- Challenge
This challenge is for those students wish to get an A+ grade in this programming
assignment and to take one more step to the real-world application.
Most modern websites are under anti-crawler protection. Thus, crawlers should be updated
with new IP addresses and cookies periodically to get through the barrier.
A strategy manager thread is created to update the crawlers with a new IP and cookies. Each
crawler notifies the strategy manager to update its IP and cookies after every M articles are
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grabbed. The update takes time of interval_C. The input and extra output are listed below.
Your program has to accept the following arguments in input order:
interval_A, interval_B, interval_C: integer, unit: microsecond, M: integer.
Crawler: two more activities have to be recorded:
rest – crawler starts resting.
s-rest – crawler stops resting.
Strategy-Manager:
start – manager starts.
get-crx – manager gets a notification from crawler x.
up-crx – manager updated crawler x with new IP and cookies.
quit – manager finished all job and about to quit. - Helper Program and Hint
5.1 generator.cpp
The function char* str_generator(void) is provided in the file generator.cpp. It
returns a string (char array) of length 50. Use it by declaring a prototype in your code and
compiling it along with your source code.
5.2 hint
Multi-threading needs careful manipulation. A specious program may show correctness in
several tests at the beginning, but collapses at the later tests. Thus, testing your program
multiple times would be a good choice. Testing it with different arguments would be even
better. - Marking Scheme
Yourprogramwill be testedonour CSLabLinux servers (cs3103-01, cs3103-02, cs3103-03).
You should describe clearly how to compile and run your program as comments in your
source program file. If an executable file cannot be generated and running
successfully on our Linux servers, it will be considered as unsuccessful.
A. Design and use of multi-threading (15%)
• Thread-safe multithreaded design and correct use of thread-management
functions
• Non-multithreaded implementation (0%)
B. Design and use of mutexes (15%)
• Complete, correct and non-excessive use of mutexes
• Useless/unnecessary use of mutexes (0%)
C. Design and use of semaphores (30%)
• Complete, correct and non-excessive use of semaphores
• Useless / unnecessary use of semaphores (0%)
D. Degree of concurrency (15%)
• A design with higher concurrency is preferable to one with lower
concurrency.
o An example of lower concurrency: only one thread can access the buffer at
a time.
o An example of higher concurrency: various threads can access the buffer
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but works on different articles at a time.
• No concurrency (0%)
E. Program correctness (15%)
• Complete and correct implementation of other features including:
o correct logic and coding of thread functions
o correct coding of queue and related operations
o passing parameters to the program on the command line
o program output conform to the format of the sample output
o successful program termination
• Fail to pass the g++ complier on our Linux servers to generate a runnable
executable file (0%)
F. Programming style and documentation (10%)
• Good programming style
• Clear comments in the program to describe the design and logic
• Unreadable program without any comment (0%) - Submission
• This assignment is to be done individually or by a group of two students. You are
encouraged to discuss the high-level design of your solution with your classmates but
you must implement the program on your own. Academic dishonesty such as copying
another student’s work or allowing another student to copy your work, is regarded as a
serious academic offence.
• Each submission consists of two files: a source program file (.cpp file) and a text file (.txt
file) containing the table outputted by your program and the text corpus.
• Write down your name(s), eid(s), student ID(s), the command line to compile and run
your program in the beginning of your program as comments.
• Use your student ID(s) to name your submitted files, such as 5xxxxxxx.cpp and
5xxxxxxx.txt for individual submission, or 5xxxxxxx_5yyyyyyy.cpp and
5xxxxxxx_5yyyyyyy.txt for group submission. You may ignore the version number
appended by Canvas to your files. Only one submission is required for each group.
• Submit the files to Canvas. As far as you follow the above submission procedure, there
is no need to add comment to repeat your information in Canvas.
• The deadline is 11:00am, 11-MAR-2021 (Thu). No late submission will be accepted. - Questions?
• This is not a programming course. You are encouraged to debug the program on your
own first.
• If you have any question, please submit your question to Mr Wu Wei via the Discussion
board“Programming Assignment #2”on Canvas.
• To avoid possible plagiarism, do not post your source code on the Discussion board.
• If necessary, you may also contact Mr Wu Wei at weiwu56-
