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BlockCanary 源码解析
在解说 BlockCanary 源码之前，咱们还是须要将一些前置的知识点。本文不讲 Handler 的原理了，不太懂的同学本人去百度看一下吧。
什么是卡顿
在解说卡顿问题之前，咱们须要讲一下 帧率 这个概念。帧率是以帧称为单位的位图图像间断呈现在显示器上的频率。我将一个例子，电影播放。电影其实就是很多张照片（帧）的一个汇合，那为什么看起来是一个间断的过程呢？因为电影每一秒呈现过的图片不止一张。实际上电影个别一秒呈现的图片张数会在 20-30 张。假如电影一秒呈现了 24 张图片，那么这个电影的帧率就是 24。帧率就是一秒中，呈现了多少帧。
晓得了什么是帧率，那么问题来了，为什么会呈现卡顿呢？卡顿在咱们的视觉下面的体现就是本来是晦涩的动画画面，当初变的不晦涩了。咱们下面讲过，动画其实是由很多图片形成。如果在一个 24 帧的电影中，忽然有一秒钟，在这一秒钟呈现了掉帧。也就是本来 0 …23 的图片变成了 0…10…12…23. 两头的某一帧没有渲染进去，那么这个在咱们视觉上就会呈现不晦涩的景象。也就是卡顿的景象。下面就是电影上呈现卡顿的景象。那么在咱们 android 零碎上呢？
Android 渲染机制
在高刷手机没有呈现之前，咱们手机屏幕的帧率是 60。就是意味着 1 秒钟会有 60 个画面呈现。那么也就是 16ms 就要有一个画面渲染。**Android 零碎每隔 16ms 收回 VSYNC 信号，触发对 UI 进行渲染，如果每次渲染都胜利，这样就可能达到晦涩的画面所须要的 60 帧，为了可能实现 60fps，这意味着程序的大多数操作都必须在 16ms 内实现。如果超过了 16ms 那么可能就呈现丢帧的状况。** 如果掉帧的频率很高，也就是导致卡顿的状况。
BlockCanary 源码解析
那么在 android 中，BlockCanary是怎么帮忙咱们去做卡顿检测的呢。明天咱们就来解说一下 BlockCanary 检测卡顿的原理。
个别咱们都通过以下的代码形式去开启咱们的卡顿检测。
public class DemoApplication extends Application {
@Override
public void onCreate() {
// ...
// Do it on main process
BlockCanary.install(this, new AppBlockCanaryContext()).start();}
}
这段代码次要有两局部，一部分是 install，一部分是 start。咱们先看 install 局部
install 阶段
BlockCanary#install()
public static BlockCanary install(Context context, BlockCanaryContext blockCanaryContext) {
//BlockCanaryContext.init 会将保留利用的 applicationContext 和用户设置的配置参数
BlockCanaryContext.init(context, blockCanaryContext);
//etEnabled 将依据用户的告诉栏音讯配置开启
setEnabled(context, DisplayActivity.class, BlockCanaryContext.get().displayNotification());
return get();}
BlockCanary#get()
// 应用单例创立了一个 BlockCanary 对象
public static BlockCanary get() {if (sInstance == null) {synchronized (BlockCanary.class) {if (sInstance == null) {sInstance = new BlockCanary();
}
}
}
return sInstance;
}
BlockCanary()
private BlockCanary() {
// 初始化 blockCanaryInternals 调度类
BlockCanaryInternals.setContext(BlockCanaryContext.get());
mBlockCanaryCore = BlockCanaryInternals.getInstance();
// 为 BlockCanaryInternals 增加拦截器（责任链）BlockCanaryContext 对 BlockInterceptor 是空实现
mBlockCanaryCore.addBlockInterceptor(BlockCanaryContext.get());
if (!BlockCanaryContext.get().displayNotification()) {return;}
//DisplayService 只在开启告诉栏音讯的时候增加，当卡顿产生时将通过 DisplayService 发动告诉栏音讯
mBlockCanaryCore.addBlockInterceptor(new DisplayService());
}
BlockCanaryInternals.getInstance()
static BlockCanaryInternals getInstance() {if (sInstance == null) {synchronized (BlockCanaryInternals.class) {if (sInstance == null) {sInstance = new BlockCanaryInternals();
}
}
}
return sInstance;
}
BlockCanaryInternals
public BlockCanaryInternals() {
// 初始化栈采集器
stackSampler = new StackSampler(Looper.getMainLooper().getThread(),
sContext.provideDumpInterval());
// 初始化 cpu 采集器
cpuSampler = new CpuSampler(sContext.provideDumpInterval());
// 初始化 LooperMonitor，并实现了 onBlockEvent 的回调，该回调会在触发阈值后被调用, 这外面比拟重要
setMonitor(new LooperMonitor(new LooperMonitor.BlockListener() {
@Override
public void onBlockEvent(long realTimeStart, long realTimeEnd,
long threadTimeStart, long threadTimeEnd) {
ArrayList<String> threadStackEntries = stackSampler
.getThreadStackEntries(realTimeStart, realTimeEnd);
if (!threadStackEntries.isEmpty()) {BlockInfo blockInfo = BlockInfo.newInstance()
.setMainThreadTimeCost(realTimeStart, realTimeEnd, threadTimeStart, threadTimeEnd)
.setCpuBusyFlag(cpuSampler.isCpuBusy(realTimeStart, realTimeEnd))
.setRecentCpuRate(cpuSampler.getCpuRateInfo())
.setThreadStackEntries(threadStackEntries)
.flushString();
LogWriter.save(blockInfo.toString());
if (mInterceptorChain.size() != 0) {for (BlockInterceptor interceptor : mInterceptorChain) {interceptor.onBlock(getContext().provideContext(), blockInfo);
}
}
}
}
}, getContext().provideBlockThreshold(), getContext().stopWhenDebugging()));
LogWriter.cleanObsolete();}
当 install 进行初始化实现后，接着会调用 start()办法，实现如下：
start 阶段
BlockCanary#start()
//BlockCanary#start()
public void start() {if (!mMonitorStarted) {
mMonitorStarted = true;
// 把 mBlockCanaryCore 中的 monitor 设置 MainLooper 中进行监听
Looper.getMainLooper().setMessageLogging(mBlockCanaryCore.monitor);
}
}
这外面的实现也比较简单，就是获取到主线程 Looper 而后将上一步创立的 LooperMonitor 设置到主线程 Looper 外面的 MessageLogging。
到这里而后呢？卧槽，没了一开始看这里的源码的时候我也是很懵逼的。而后我就去 github 上看了，而后呢，我看到了这么一张图。
通过这张图，我能够晓得，真正开始检测的不是 start()，而是 Looper 外面 loop()函数
Looper#loop
public static void loop() {final Looper me = myLooper();
if (me == null) {throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
}
if (me.mInLoop) {
Slog.w(TAG, "Loop again would have the queued messages be executed"
+ "before this one completed.");
}
me.mInLoop = true;
final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;
// Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process,
// and keep track of what that identity token actually is.
Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
// Allow overriding a threshold with a system prop. e.g.
// adb shell 'setprop log.looper.1000.main.slow 1 && stop && start'
final int thresholdOverride =
SystemProperties.getInt("log.looper."
+ Process.myUid() + "."
+ Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ ".slow", 0);
boolean slowDeliveryDetected = false;
for (;;) {Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
if (msg == null) {
// No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
return;
}
// This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger
final Printer logging = me.mLogging;
if (logging != null) {
logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to" + msg.target + " " +
msg.callback + ":" + msg.what);
}
// Make sure the observer won't change while processing a transaction.
final Observer observer = sObserver;
final long traceTag = me.mTraceTag;
long slowDispatchThresholdMs = me.mSlowDispatchThresholdMs;
long slowDeliveryThresholdMs = me.mSlowDeliveryThresholdMs;
if (thresholdOverride > 0) {
slowDispatchThresholdMs = thresholdOverride;
slowDeliveryThresholdMs = thresholdOverride;
}
final boolean logSlowDelivery = (slowDeliveryThresholdMs > 0) && (msg.when > 0);
final boolean logSlowDispatch = (slowDispatchThresholdMs > 0);
final boolean needStartTime = logSlowDelivery || logSlowDispatch;
final boolean needEndTime = logSlowDispatch;
if (traceTag != 0 && Trace.isTagEnabled(traceTag)) {Trace.traceBegin(traceTag, msg.target.getTraceName(msg));
}
final long dispatchStart = needStartTime ? SystemClock.uptimeMillis() : 0;
final long dispatchEnd;
Object token = null;
if (observer != null) {token = observer.messageDispatchStarting();
}
long origWorkSource = ThreadLocalWorkSource.setUid(msg.workSourceUid);
try {msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
if (observer != null) {observer.messageDispatched(token, msg);
}
dispatchEnd = needEndTime ? SystemClock.uptimeMillis() : 0;} catch (Exception exception) {if (observer != null) {observer.dispatchingThrewException(token, msg, exception);
}
throw exception;
} finally {ThreadLocalWorkSource.restore(origWorkSource);
if (traceTag != 0) {Trace.traceEnd(traceTag);
}
}
if (logSlowDelivery) {if (slowDeliveryDetected) {if ((dispatchStart - msg.when) <= 10) {Slog.w(TAG, "Drained");
slowDeliveryDetected = false;
}
} else {
if (showSlowLog(slowDeliveryThresholdMs, msg.when, dispatchStart, "delivery",
msg)) {
// Once we write a slow delivery log, suppress until the queue drains.
slowDeliveryDetected = true;
}
}
}
if (logSlowDispatch) {showSlowLog(slowDispatchThresholdMs, dispatchStart, dispatchEnd, "dispatch", msg);
}
if (logging != null) {logging.println("<<<<< Finished to" + msg.target + " " + msg.callback);
}
// Make sure that during the course of dispatching the
// identity of the thread wasn't corrupted.
final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
if (ident != newIdent) {
Log.wtf(TAG, "Thread identity changed from 0x"
+ Long.toHexString(ident) + "to 0x"
+ Long.toHexString(newIdent) + "while dispatching to"
+ msg.target.getClass().getName() + " "
+ msg.callback + "what=" + msg.what);
}
msg.recycleUnchecked();}
}
loop()外面的代码很长，咱们解说 blockCanary 的时候不须要过分关注其余局部，还记得咱们 start 做的事件吗，咱们去设置了 setMessageLogging。所以先看看setMessageLogging 办法
Looper#setMessageLogging
public void setMessageLogging(@Nullable Printer printer) {mLogging = printer;}
其实就是将创立的 LooperMonitor 赋值给 mLogging，那么咱们只须要关注 mLogging 在 loop()中的代码就好了。咱们发现就是调用了两次 println。一个是在 msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg) 之前，一个是在 msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg) 之后。也就是说这两次调用，一次是解决信号之前，一个是解决信号之后。那么通过实现 LooperMonitor 外面的 println 办法，咱们就能够得出一些时间差。所以，接下来咱们要看的是 LooperMonitor 外面的 println 办法
MainLooper#println()
//MainLooper#println()
@Override
public void println(String x) {
// 如果再 debug 模式，不执行监听
if (mStopWhenDebugging && Debug.isDebuggerConnected()) {return;}
if (!mPrintingStarted) { //dispatchMesage 前执行的 println
// 记录开始工夫
mStartTimestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
mStartThreadTimestamp = SystemClock.currentThreadTimeMillis();
mPrintingStarted = true;
// 开始采集栈及 cpu 信息
startDump();} else { //dispatchMesage 后执行的 println
// 获取完结工夫
final long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
mPrintingStarted = false;
// 判断耗时是否超过阈值
if (isBlock(endTime)) {notifyBlockEvent(endTime);
}
stopDump();}
}
// 判断是否超过阈值
private boolean isBlock(long endTime) {return endTime - mStartTimestamp > mBlockThresholdMillis;// 这个阈值是咱们本人设置的}
// 如果超过阈值，回调卡顿的监听，阐明卡顿了
private void notifyBlockEvent(final long endTime) {
final long startTime = mStartTimestamp;
final long startThreadTime = mStartThreadTimestamp;
final long endThreadTime = SystemClock.currentThreadTimeMillis();
HandlerThreadFactory.getWriteLogThreadHandler().post(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {mBlockListener.onBlockEvent(startTime, endTime, startThreadTime, endThreadTime);
}
});
}
其实这里卡顿检测的源码也还是比较简单的，它的原理就是通过从新实现 looper 外面的 logging，而后通过 println 函数去判断有没有呈现卡顿。BlockCanary 的流程图在下面也呈现了。所以这篇博客也就写道这里吧。心愿对大家，对于卡顿的了解有肯定的帮忙。
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