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删除文件
回忆一下文件的常见操作, 新增文件, 修改文件, 删除文件等, 新增和修改文件都单独讨论过, 现在我们来研究一下如何删除文件.
你可能会说删除文件还不简单啊, 直接 rm -rf <file> 即可, 但是这仅仅是本地文件被删除了, 对于 git 来说, 文件并没有被删除.
还记得我们开篇介绍 git 时就说过, 一切操作皆版本 , 对于新增是一个版本, 修改也是一个版本, 就连删除都是一个版本.
下面让我们看一下 git 中如何删除文件吧!
背景
# 查看当前文件列表
$ ls
file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt newFile.txt test.txt
# 新建待删除文件
$ touch delete.txt
# 再次查看当前文件列表, 确保新建文件成功
$ ls
delete.txt file2.txt newFile.txt
file1.txt file3.txt test.txt
# 查看当前文件状态: 新文件 `delete.txt` 还没被跟踪
$ git status
On branch master
Untracked files:
(use “git add <file>…” to include in what will be committed)
.DS_Store
delete.txt
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use “git add” to track)
# 添加新文件 `delete.txt`
$ git add delete.txt
# 查看文件状态: 已添加到暂存区, 待提交到版本库
$ git status
On branch master
Changes to be committed:
(use “git reset HEAD <file>…” to unstage)
new file: delete.txt
Untracked files:
(use “git add <file>…” to include in what will be committed)
.DS_Store
# 提交新文件 `delete.txt`
$ git commit -m “add delete.txt”
[master 7df386a] add delete.txt
1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 delete.txt
# 再次查看文件状态: 已经没有新文件 `delete.txt` 的更改信息
$ git status
On branch master
Untracked files:
(use “git add <file>…” to include in what will be committed)
.DS_Store
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use “git add” to track)
$
以上操作, 我们简单创建 delete.txt 文件, 添加 (git add) 并提交(git commit) 该文件, 完成准备工作后, 开始删除文件!
# 删除前文件列表
$ ls
delete.txt file2.txt newFile.txt
file1.txt file3.txt test.txt
# 删除刚刚创建的文件 `delete.txt`
$ rm delete.txt
# 删除后文件列表
$ ls
file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt newFile.txt test.txt
# 当前文件状态: `delete.txt` 文件已被删除, 且未添加到暂存区
$ git status
On branch master
Changes not staged for commit:
(use “git add/rm <file>…” to update what will be committed)
(use “git checkout — <file>…” to discard changes in working directory)
deleted: delete.txt
Untracked files:
(use “git add <file>…” to include in what will be committed)
.DS_Store
no changes added to commit (use “git add” and/or “git commit -a”)
$
本地删除 delete.txt 文件后, 再次查看文件状态 git status 发现 git 给了我们两条建议, 其中一条 git checkout — <file> 我们很熟悉, 就是丢弃工作区的更改, 此时此景下如果丢弃删除操作, 相当于撤销删除, 难怪说删除也是一个版本呢!
现在我们重点来看第一条建议 git add/rm <file> ,rm 是 remove 单词的缩写, 即删除文件.
# 删除文件
$ git rm delete.txt
rm ‘delete.txt’
# 查看文件状态: `delete.txt` 文件待提交
$ git status
On branch master
Changes to be committed:
(use “git reset HEAD <file>…” to unstage)
deleted: delete.txt
Untracked files:
(use “git add <file>…” to include in what will be committed)
.DS_Store
# 提交文件
$ git commit -m “remove delete.txt”
[master 6298070] remove delete.txt
1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
delete mode 100644 delete.txt
# 再次查看文件状态
$ git status
On branch master
Untracked files:
(use “git add <file>…” to include in what will be committed)
.DS_Store
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use “git add” to track)
$
删除文件和添加文件类似, 都是一次 commit , 本地文件的任何更改都要添加到暂存区, 然后提交到版本库.
小结
删除文件和新增文件类似逻辑,git rm 删除文件后, 依然需要 git commit 提交版本.
