elasticsearch学习笔记二十四Elasticsearch-query-string语法以及all元数据原理

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1、query string 语法

GET /test_index/_search?q=test_field1:update
GET /test_index/_search?q=+test_field1:update

{
  "took" : 7,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 1,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 0.2876821,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "test_index",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : 0.2876821,
        "_source" : {
          "test_field1" : "update test1",
          "test_field2" : "update test2"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

GET /test_index/_search?q=-test_field1:update
{
  "took" : 12,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 7,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 0.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "test_index",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "10",
        "_score" : 0.0,
        "_source" : {"test_field" : "test10 routing _id"}
      },
      {
        "_index" : "test_index",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "7",
        "_score" : 0.0,
        "_routing" : "2",
        "_source" : {"test_field1" : "test1"}
      },
      {
        "_index" : "test_index",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 0.0,
        "_source" : {
          "test_field" : "test client 1",
          "name" : "test1"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "test_index",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 0.0,
        "_source" : {
          "test_field" : "test test",
          "name" : "test1"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "test_index",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "7",
        "_score" : 0.0,
        "_routing" : "1",
        "_source" : {"test_field1" : "test1"}
      },
      {
        "_index" : "test_index",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "11",
        "_score" : 0.0,
        "_routing" : "12",
        "_source" : {"test_field" : "test routing not _id"}——
      },
      {
        "_index" : "test_index",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "20",
        "_score" : 0.0,
        "_source" : {"test_field" : "test consistency"}
      }
    ]
  }
}

对于 query string 只要掌握 q =field:search content 的语法,以及 + 和 - 的含义
+:代表包含这个筛选条件结果
-:代表不包含这个筛选条件的结果

2、_all metadata

也就是在使用 query string 的时候,如果不指定 field,那么默认就是_all。_all 元数据是在建立索引的时候产生的,我们插入一条 document,它里面包含了多个 field, 此时 ES 会自动将多个 field 的值全部用字符串的方式串联起来,变成一个长的字符串。这个长的字符串就是_all field 的值。同时建立索引。
举个例子:
对于一个 document:

{
    "name": "jack",
    "age": 26,
    "email": "jack@sina.com",
    "address": "guamazhou"
}

那么 ”jack 26 jack@sina.com guamazhou”, 就会作为这个 document 的_all fieldd 的值,同时进行分词后建立对应的倒排索引。
注意在生产环境中一般不会使用 query string 这种查询方式。

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