参数校验错误信息中文处理

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在上一节我们介绍到,gin 可以使用 ShouldBind 方法把参数绑定到结构体,但是没有介绍到参数校验的方式,这节我们来介绍参数校验和校验失败后转换成中文返回前端。

1. 数据校验

下面我们开始一个简单的例子:

  1. 在根目录的 requests 目录下新建一个 test_request.go
package requests

// 测试请求结构体 该结构体定义了请求的参数和校验规则
type TestRequest struct {Username string `form:"username" binding:"required"`}
  1. 在根目录的 api 目录下新建一个 test.go 的控制器,定义 test 控制器
package api

import (
    "cn.sockstack/gin_demo/requests"
    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
    "net/http"
)

func Test(c *gin.Context)  {
    // 实例化一个 TestRequest 结构体,用于接收参数
    testStruct := requests.TestRequest{}

    // 接收请求参数
    err := c.ShouldBind(&testStruct)

    // 判断参数校验是否通过,如果不通过,把错误返回给前端
    if err != nil {c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
        return
    }

    // 校验通过,返回请求参数
    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"params": testStruct})
}
  1. 在根目录的 routers 下定义 /test 路由,分别新建 init.go 和 test.go 文件初始化路由.

test.go

package routers

import (
    "cn.sockstack/gin_demo/api"
    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)

func test(r *gin.Engine)  {
    // 定义 /test 路由
    r.GET("/test", api.Test)
}

init.go

package routers

import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"

func Init(r *gin.Engine)  {
    // 注册 test 路由
    test(r)
}
  1. 在 main.go 中注册路由
package main
// 导入 gin 包
import (
    "cn.sockstack/gin_demo/pkg/config"
    "cn.sockstack/gin_demo/routers"
    "fmt"
    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)

// 入口函数
func main() {
    // 初始化一个 http 服务对象
    r := gin.Default()

    // 注册路由
    routers.Init(r)

    r.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", config.Server.Address, config.Server.Port)) // 监听并在 0.0.0.0:8081 上启动服务
}
  1. 运行并访问 localhost:8081/test,不带参数会报错
{"error": "Key:'TestRequest.Username'Error:Field validation for'Username'failed on the'required'tag"}
  1. 运行并访问 localhost:8081/test?username=sockstack,则返回响应的参数。
{
    "params": {"Username": "sockstack"}
}

上面的例子已经可以实现参数校验和接收参数了,但是校验不通过的时候返回的提示是英文的,下面我们介绍一下怎么把错误转成中文返回。

2. 校验参数失败提示自动翻译

通过查看代码我们发现 gin 默认的校验器使用的是 validator 包,并且查看文档发现 validator 是可以把英文错误翻译成中文的。

package main

import (
    "fmt"

    "github.com/go-playground/locales/en"
    ut "github.com/go-playground/universal-translator"
    "github.com/go-playground/validator/v10"
    en_translations "github.com/go-playground/validator/v10/translations/en"
)

// User contains user information
type User struct {
    FirstName      string     `validate:"required"`
    LastName       string     `validate:"required"`
    Age            uint8      `validate:"gte=0,lte=130"`
    Email          string     `validate:"required,email"`
    FavouriteColor string     `validate:"iscolor"`                // alias for 'hexcolor|rgb|rgba|hsl|hsla'
    Addresses      []*Address `validate:"required,dive,required"` // a person can have a home and cottage...}

// Address houses a users address information
type Address struct {
    Street string `validate:"required"`
    City   string `validate:"required"`
    Planet string `validate:"required"`
    Phone  string `validate:"required"`
}

// use a single instance , it caches struct info
var (
    uni      *ut.UniversalTranslator
    validate *validator.Validate
)

func main() {

    // NOTE: ommitting allot of error checking for brevity

    en := en.New()
    uni = ut.New(en, en)

    // this is usually know or extracted from http 'Accept-Language' header
    // also see uni.FindTranslator(...)
    trans, _ := uni.GetTranslator("en")

    validate = validator.New()
    en_translations.RegisterDefaultTranslations(validate, trans)

    translateAll(trans)
    translateIndividual(trans)
    translateOverride(trans) // yep you can specify your own in whatever locale you want!
}

func translateAll(trans ut.Translator) {

    type User struct {
        Username string `validate:"required"`
        Tagline  string `validate:"required,lt=10"`
        Tagline2 string `validate:"required,gt=1"`
    }

    user := User{
        Username: "Joeybloggs",
        Tagline:  "This tagline is way too long.",
        Tagline2: "1",
    }

    err := validate.Struct(user)
    if err != nil {

        // translate all error at once
        errs := err.(validator.ValidationErrors)

        // returns a map with key = namespace & value = translated error
        // NOTICE: 2 errors are returned and you'll see something surprising
        // translations are i18n aware!!!!
        // eg. '10 characters' vs '1 character'
        fmt.Println(errs.Translate(trans))
    }
}

func translateIndividual(trans ut.Translator) {

    type User struct {Username string `validate:"required"`}

    var user User

    err := validate.Struct(user)
    if err != nil {errs := err.(validator.ValidationErrors)

        for _, e := range errs {
            // can translate each error one at a time.
            fmt.Println(e.Translate(trans))
        }
    }
}

func translateOverride(trans ut.Translator) {validate.RegisterTranslation("required", trans, func(ut ut.Translator) error {return ut.Add("required", "{0} must have a value!", true) // see universal-translator for details
    }, func(ut ut.Translator, fe validator.FieldError) string {t, _ := ut.T("required", fe.Field())

        return t
    })

    type User struct {Username string `validate:"required"`}

    var user User

    err := validate.Struct(user)
    if err != nil {errs := err.(validator.ValidationErrors)

        for _, e := range errs {
            // can translate each error one at a time.
            fmt.Println(e.Translate(trans))
        }
    }
}

那么我们改造 gin 的校验提示。

  1. 在 requests 目录下新建 init.go 文件
package requests

import (
   "github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding"
   "github.com/go-playground/locales/zh"
   ut "github.com/go-playground/universal-translator"
   "github.com/go-playground/validator/v10"
   zh_translations "github.com/go-playground/validator/v10/translations/zh"
)

var (
   uni      *ut.UniversalTranslator
   validate *validator.Validate
   trans ut.Translator
)

func init() {
   // 注册翻译器
   zh := zh.New()
   uni = ut.New(zh, zh)

   trans, _ = uni.GetTranslator("zh")
   
   // 获取 gin 的校验器
   validate := binding.Validator.Engine().(*validator.Validate)
   // 注册翻译器
   zh_translations.RegisterDefaultTranslations(validate, trans)
}

//Translate 翻译错误信息
func Translate(err error) map[string][]string {var result = make(map[string][]string)

   errors := err.(validator.ValidationErrors)

   for _, err := range errors{result[err.Field()] = append(result[err.Field()], err.Translate(trans))
   }
   return result
}
  1. 修改控制器
package api

import (
    "cn.sockstack/gin_demo/requests"
    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
    "net/http"
)

func Test(c *gin.Context)  {
    // 实例化一个 TestRequest 结构体,用于接收参数
    testStruct := requests.TestRequest{}

    // 接收请求参数
    err := c.ShouldBind(&testStruct)

    // 判断参数校验是否通过,如果不通过,把错误返回给前端
    if err != nil {c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"error": requests.Translate(err)})
        return
    }

    // 校验通过,返回请求参数
    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"params": testStruct})
}
  1. 运行并访问 localhost:8081/test,不带参数会报错,但是报错信息已经翻译成中文了
{
    "error": {
        "Username": ["Username 为必填字段"]
    }
}

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