半小时将你的Spark-SQL模型变为在线服务

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SparkSQL 在机器学习场景中应用

第四范式已经在很多行业落地了上万个 AI 应用,比如在金融行业的反欺诈,媒体行业的新闻推荐,能源行业管道检测,而 SparkSQL 在这些 AI 应用中快速实现特征变换发挥着重要的作用

SparkSQL 在特征变换主要有一下几类

  1. 多表场景,用于表之间拼接操作,比如交易信息表去拼接账户表
  2. 使用 udf 进行简单的特征变换,比如对时间戳进行 hour 函数处理
  3. 使用时间窗口和 udaf 进行时序类特征处理,比如计算一个人最近 1 天的消费金额总和

SparkSQL 到目前为止,解决很好的解决离线模型训练特征变换问题,但是随着 AI 应用的发展,大家对模型的期望不再只是得出离线调研效果,而是在真实的业务场景发挥出价值,而真实的业务场景是模型应用场景,它需要高性能,需要实时推理,这时候我们就会遇到以下问题

  1. 多表数据离线到在线怎么映射,即批量训练过程中输入很多表,到在线环境这些表该以什么形式存在,这点也会影响整个系统架构,做得好能够提升效率,做得不好就会大大增加模型产生业务价值的成本
  2. SQL 转换成实时执行成本高,因为在线推理需要高性能,而数据科学家可能做出成千上万个特征,每个特征都人肉转换,会大大增加的工程成本
  3. 离线特征和在线特征保持一致困难,手动转换就会导致一致性能,而且往往很难一致
  4. 离线效果很棒但是在线效果无法满足业务需求

在具体的反欺诈场景,模型应用要求 tp99 20ms 去检测一笔交易是否是欺诈,所以对模型应用性能要求非常高

第四范式特征工程数据库是如何解决这些问题


通过特征工程数据库让 SparkSQL 的能力得到了补充

  1. 以数据库的形式,解决了离线表到在线的映射问题,我们对前面给出的答案就是离线表是怎么分布的,在线也就怎么分布
  2. 通过同一套代码去执行离线和在线特征转换,让在线模型效果得到了保证
  3. 数据科学家与业务开发团队的合作以 sql 为传递介质,而不再是手工去转换代码,大大提升模型迭代效率
  4. 通过 llvm 加速的 sql,相比 scala 实现的 spark2.x 和 3.x 在时序复杂特征场景能够加速 2~3 倍,在线通过 in-memory 的存储,能够保证 sql 能够在非常低延迟返回结果

快速将 spark sql 模型变成实时服务 demo

demo 的模型训练场景为预测一次打车行程到结束所需要的时间,这里我们将使用 fedb,pyspark,lightgbm 等工具最终搭建一个 http 模型推理服务,这也会是 spark 在机器学习场景的实践

整个 demo200 多行代码,制作时间不超过半个小时

  1. train_sql.py 特征计算与训练, 80 行代码
  2. predict_server.py 模型推理 http 服务, 129 行代码

场景数据和特征介绍

整个训练数据如下样子
样例数据
`id,vendor_id,pickup_datetime,dropoff_datetime,passenger_count,pickup_longitude,pickup_latitude,dropoff_longitude,dropoff_latitude,store_and_fwd_flag,trip_duration

id3097625,1,2016-01-22 16:01:00,2016-01-22 16:15:16,2,-73.97746276855469,40.7613525390625,-73.95573425292969,40.772396087646484,N,856

id3196697,1,2016-01-28 07:20:18,2016-01-28 07:40:16,1,-73.98524475097656,40.75959777832031,-73.99615478515625,40.72945785522461,N,1198

id0224515,2,2016-01-31 00:48:27,2016-01-31 00:53:30,1,-73.98342895507812,40.7500114440918,-73.97383880615234,40.74980163574219,N,303

id3370903,1,2016-01-14 11:46:43,2016-01-14 12:25:33,2,-74.00027465820312,40.74786376953125,-73.86485290527344,40.77039337158203,N,2330

id2763851,2,2016-02-20 13:21:00,2016-02-20 13:45:56,1,-73.95218658447266,40.772220611572266,-73.9920425415039,40.74932098388672,N,1496

id0904926,1,2016-02-20 19:17:44,2016-02-20 19:33:19,4,-73.97344207763672,40.75189971923828,-73.98480224609375,40.76243209838867,N,935

id2026293,1,2016-02-25 01:16:23,2016-02-25 01:31:27,1,-73.9871597290039,40.68777847290039,-73.9115219116211,40.68180847167969,N,904

id1349988,1,2016-01-28 20:16:05,2016-01-28 20:21:36,1,-74.0028076171875,40.7338752746582,-73.9968032836914,40.743770599365234,N,331

id3218692,2,2016-02-17 16:43:27,2016-02-17 16:54:41,5,-73.98147583007812,40.77408218383789,-73.97216796875,40.76400375366211,N,674`
场景特征变换 sql 脚本
特征变换
`select trip_duration, passenger_count,

sum`(pickup_latitude) over w as vendor_sum_pl,`

max`(pickup_latitude) over w as vendor_max_pl,`

min`(pickup_latitude) over w as vendor_min_pl,`

avg`(pickup_latitude) over w as vendor_avg_pl,`

sum`(pickup_latitude) over w2 as pc_sum_pl,`

max`(pickup_latitude) over w2 as pc_max_pl,`

min`(pickup_latitude) over w2 as pc_min_pl,`

avg`(pickup_latitude) over w2 as pc_avg_pl ,`

count`(vendor_id) over w2 as pc_cnt,`

count`(vendor_id) over w as vendor_cnt`

from {}

window w as (partition by vendor_id order by pickup_datetime ROWS_RANGE BETWEEN 1d PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW),

w2 as (partition by passenger_count order by pickup_datetime ROWS_RANGE BETWEEN 1d PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)`
我们选择了 vendor_id 和  passenger_count 两个纬度做时序特征
`train_df = spark.sql(train_sql)

# specify your configurations as a dict

params = {

'boosting_type'`: ‘gbdt’`,

'objective'`: ‘regression’`,

'metric'`: {'l2', ‘l1’`},

'num_leaves'`: 31`,

'learning_rate'`: 0.05`,

'feature_fraction'`: 0.9`,

'bagging_fraction'`: 0.8`,

'bagging_freq'`: 5`,

'verbose'`: 0`

}

print`('Starting training...')`

gbm = lgb.train(params,

lgb_train,

num_boost_round`=20,`

valid_sets`=`lgb_eval,

early_stopping_rounds`=5)`

gbm.save_model(`’model.txt’)
执行模型训练过程,最终产生 model.txt

模型推理过程

导入数据代码
import
`def insert_row(line):

row = line.split(`’,’`)

row[`2]` `=` `'%dl'%int(datetime.datetime.strptime(row[2], ‘%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S’).timestamp()` `*` `1000)`

row[`3]` `=` `'%dl'%int(datetime.datetime.strptime(row[3], ‘%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S’).timestamp()` `*` `1000)`

insert = "insert into t1 values('%s', %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s,'%s', %s);"`% tuple`(row)

driver.executeInsert(`’db_test’`, insert)

with open`('data/taxi_tour_table_train_simple.csv', ‘r’`) as fd:

idx = 0

for line in fd:

if idx =`= 0`:

idx = idx + 1

continue

insert_row(line.replace(`’n’`, ''))

idx = idx + 1`
注:train.csv 为训练数据 csv 格式版本

模型推理逻辑
predict.py
def` `post(self`):

row = json.loads(`self`.request.body)

ok, req = fedb_driver.getRequestBuilder(`’db_test’`, sql)

if not ok or not req:

self`.write("fail to get req")`

return

input_schema = req.GetSchema()

if not input_schema:

self`.write("no schema found")`

return

str_length = 0

for i in range`(input_schema.GetColumnCnt()):`

if sql_router_sdk.DataTypeName(input_schema.GetColumnType(i)) =`= ‘string’`:

str_length = str_length + len`(row.get(input_schema.GetColumnName(i), ”))`

req.Init(str_length)

for i in range`(input_schema.GetColumnCnt()):`

tname =  sql_router_sdk.DataTypeName(input_schema.GetColumnType(i))

if tname =`= ‘string’`:

req.AppendString(row.get(input_schema.GetColumnName(i), ''))

elif tname =`= ‘int32’`:

req.AppendInt32(`int(row.get(input_schema.GetColumnName(i),` `0)))`

elif tname =`= ‘double’`:

req.AppendDouble(`float(row.get(input_schema.GetColumnName(i),` `0)))`

elif tname =`= ‘timestamp’`:

req.AppendTimestamp(`int(row.get(input_schema.GetColumnName(i),` `0)))`

else`:`

req.AppendNULL()

if not req.Build():

self`.write("fail to build request")`

return

ok, rs = fedb_driver.executeQuery(`’db_test’`, sql, req)

if not ok:

self`.write("fail to execute sql")`

return

rs.`Next`()

ins = build_feature(rs)

self`.write("----------------ins---------------\n")`

self`.write(str(ins) + “n”`)

duration = bst.predict(ins)

self`.write("---------------predict trip_duration -------------\n")`

self`.write("%s s"%str(duration[0]))“

最终执行效果

`# 发送推理请求 , 会看到如下输出

python3 predict.py

----------------ins---------------

[[2.       40.774097 40.774097 40.774097 40.774097 40.774097 40.774097

40.774097 40.774097  1.        1.      ]]

---------------predict trip_duration -------------

859.3298781277192 s`
运行 demo 请到 https://github.com/4paradigm/SparkSQLWithFeDB

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