Spring Boot 自定义starter

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一、简介
SpringBoot 最强大的功能就是把我们常用的场景抽取成了一个个 starter(场景启动器),我们通过引入 springboot 为我提供的这些场景启动器,我们再进行少量的配置就能使用相应的功能。即使是这样,springboot 也不能囊括我们所有的使用场景,往往我们需要自定义 starter,来简化我们对 springboot 的使用。
二、如何自定义 starter
1. 实例
如何编写自动配置?
我们参照 @WebMvcAutoConfiguration 为例,我们看看们需要准备哪些东西,下面是 WebMvcAutoConfiguration 的部分代码:
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
@ConditionalOnClass({Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class, WebMvcConfigurerAdapter.class})
@ConditionalOnMissingBean({WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class})
@AutoConfigureOrder(-2147483638)
@AutoConfigureAfter({DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class, ValidationAutoConfiguration.class})
public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {

@Import({WebMvcAutoConfiguration.EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class})
@EnableConfigurationProperties({WebMvcProperties.class, ResourceProperties.class})
public static class WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {

@Bean
@ConditionalOnBean({View.class})
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
public BeanNameViewResolver beanNameViewResolver() {
BeanNameViewResolver resolver = new BeanNameViewResolver();
resolver.setOrder(2147483637);
return resolver;
}
}
}
我们可以抽取到我们自定义 starter 时同样需要的一些配置。
@Configuration // 指定这个类是一个配置类
@ConditionalOnXXX // 指定条件成立的情况下自动配置类生效
@AutoConfigureOrder // 指定自动配置类的顺序
@Bean // 向容器中添加组件
@ConfigurationProperties // 结合相关 xxxProperties 来绑定相关的配置
@EnableConfigurationProperties // 让 xxxProperties 生效加入到容器中

自动配置类要能加载需要将自动配置类,配置在 META-INF/spring.factories 中
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\
模式
我们参照 spring-boot-starter 我们发现其中没有代码:

我们在看它的 pom 中的依赖中有个 springboot-starter
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
我们再看看 spring-boot-starter 有个 spring-boot-autoconfigure
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-autoconfigure</artifactId>
</dependency>
关于 web 的一些自动配置都写在了这里,所以我们有总结:
启动器 starter 只是用来做依赖管理
需要专门写一个类似 spring-boot-autoconfigure 的配置模块
用的时候只需要引入启动器 starter,就可以使用自动配置了
命名规范
官方命名空间

前缀:spring-boot-starter-
模式:spring-boot-starter- 模块名
举例:spring-boot-starter-web、spring-boot-starter-jdbc

自定义命名空间

后缀:-spring-boot-starter
模式:模块 -spring-boot-starter
举例:mybatis-spring-boot-starter

三、自定义 starter 实例
我们需要先创建两个工程 hello-spring-boot-starter 和 hello-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigurer
1. hello-spring-boot-starter
1.pom.xml
<?xml version=”1.0″ encoding=”UTF-8″?>
<project xmlns=”http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0″ xmlns:xsi=”http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance”
xsi:schemaLocation=”http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd”>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

<groupId>com.gf</groupId>
<artifactId>hello-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>

<name>hello-spring-boot-starter</name>

<!– 启动器 –>
<dependencies>
<!– 引入自动配置模块 –>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.gf</groupId>
<artifactId>hello-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigurer</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>

</project>

同时删除 启动类、resources 下的文件,test 文件。
2. hello-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigurer
1. pom.xml
<?xml version=”1.0″ encoding=”UTF-8″?>
<project xmlns=”http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0″ xmlns:xsi=”http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance”
xsi:schemaLocation=”http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd”>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

<groupId>com.gf</groupId>
<artifactId>hello-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigurer</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>

<name>hello-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigurer</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!– lookup parent from repository –>
</parent>

<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>

<dependencies>
<!– 引入 spring-boot-starter,所有 starter 的基本配合 –>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>

</dependencies>

</project>

2. HelloProperties
package com.gf.service;

import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = “gf.hello”)
public class HelloProperties {

private String prefix;
private String suffix;

public String getPrefix() {
return prefix;
}

public void setPrefix(String prefix) {
this.prefix = prefix;
}

public String getSuffix() {
return suffix;
}

public void setSuffix(String suffix) {
this.suffix = suffix;
}

}

3. HelloService
package com.gf.service;

public class HelloService {

HelloProperties helloProperties;

public HelloProperties getHelloProperties() {
return helloProperties;
}

public void setHelloProperties(HelloProperties helloProperties) {
this.helloProperties = helloProperties;
}

public String sayHello(String name) {
return helloProperties.getPrefix()+ “-” + name + helloProperties.getSuffix();
}
}

4. HelloServiceAutoConfiguration
package com.gf.service;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnWebApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication //web 应该生效
@EnableConfigurationProperties(HelloProperties.class)
public class HelloServiceAutoConfiguration {

@Autowired
HelloProperties helloProperties;

@Bean
public HelloService helloService() {
HelloService service = new HelloService();
service.setHelloProperties(helloProperties);
return service;
}

}

5. spring.factories
在 resources 下创建文件夹 META-INF 并在 META-INF 下创建文件 spring.factories,内容如下:
# Auto Configure
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
com.gf.service.HelloServiceAutoConfiguration
到这儿,我们的配置自定义的 starter 就写完了,我们 hello-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigurer、hello-spring-boot-starter 安装成本地 jar 包。
三、测试自定义 starter
我们创建个项目 hello-spring-boot-starter-test,来测试系我们写的 stater。
1. pom.xml
<?xml version=”1.0″ encoding=”UTF-8″?>
<project xmlns=”http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0″ xmlns:xsi=”http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance”
xsi:schemaLocation=”http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd”>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

<groupId>com.gf</groupId>
<artifactId>hello-spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>

<name>hello-spring-boot-starter-test</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!– lookup parent from repository –>
</parent>

<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>

<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>

<!– 引入自定义 starter –>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.gf</groupId>
<artifactId>hello-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>

<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>

</project>

2. HelloController
package com.gf.controller;

import com.gf.service.HelloService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class HelloController {

@Autowired
HelloService helloService;

@GetMapping(“/hello/{name}”)
public String hello(@PathVariable(value = “name”) String name) {
return helloService.sayHello(name + ” , ”);
}

}

3. application.properties
gf.hello.prefix = hi
gf.hello.suffix = what’s up man ?
我运行项目访问 http://127.0.0.1:8080/hello/zhangsan,结果如下:
hi-zhangsan , what’s up man ?
源码下载: https://github.com/gf-huanchupk/SpringBootLearning
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