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spring boot 项目初始化，介绍三种方式：IntelliJ 创建、Spring CLI 创建以及手动创建，工程使用 gradle 构建工具。
IntelliJ 创建
选择 spring initializr
填写自己想要的配置信息
选择依赖包：
配置工程名和工程所在目录：
进入到工程，如下图所示:
创建完成。
Spring CLI 创建
示例：
spring init -dweb,data-jpa,h2,thymeleaf –build gradle initbycli
运行命令后会显示：
Using service at https://start.spring.io
Project extracted to ‘<current_path>/initbycli’
执行完成会看到当前目录下会多出 initbycli 目录.
.
└── initbycli
├── HELP.md
├── build.gradle
├── gradle
│ └── wrapper
│ ├── gradle-wrapper.jar
│ └── gradle-wrapper.properties
├── gradlew
├── gradlew.bat
├── settings.gradle
└── src
├── main
│ ├── java
│ │ └── com
│ │ └── example
│ │ └── initbycli
│ │ └── DemoApplication.java
│ └── resources
│ ├── application.properties
│ ├── static
│ └── templates
└── test
└── java
└── com
└── example
└── initbycli
└── DemoApplicationTests.java
可以看到基本工程目录文件已经创建好了。
再看一下 Spring CLI 的说明：
$ spring help init
spring init – Initialize a new project using Spring Initializr (start.spring.io)
usage: spring init [options] [location]
Option Description
—— ———–
-a, –artifactId <String> Project coordinates; infer archive name (for
example ‘test’)
-b, –boot-version <String> Spring Boot version (for example ‘1.2.0.RELEASE’)
–build <String> Build system to use (for example ‘maven’ or
‘gradle’) (default: maven)
-d, –dependencies <String> Comma-separated list of dependency identifiers to
include in the generated project
–description <String> Project description
-f, –force Force overwrite of existing files
–format <String> Format of the generated content (for example
‘build’ for a build file, ‘project’ for a
project archive) (default: project)
-g, –groupId <String> Project coordinates (for example ‘org.test’)
-j, –java-version <String> Language level (for example ‘1.8’)
-l, –language <String> Programming language (for example ‘java’)
–list List the capabilities of the service. Use it to
discover the dependencies and the types that are
available
-n, –name <String> Project name; infer application name
-p, –packaging <String> Project packaging (for example ‘jar’)
–package-name <String> Package name
-t, –type <String> Project type. Not normally needed if you use —
build and/or –format. Check the capabilities of
the service (–list) for more details
–target <String> URL of the service to use (default: https://start.
spring.io)
-v, –version <String> Project version (for example ‘0.0.1-SNAPSHOT’)
-x, –extract Extract the project archive. Inferred if a
location is specified without an extension
说明：
依赖：使用 -d, –dependencies <String>, , 号分割.
项目构建类型: –build <String>, 默认为 maven, 另一选项是 gradle.
初始化类型: –format <String>, 默认为 project, 会初始化整个工程的目录结构。可选项是 build, 只会生成工程所需要的 build.gradle 文件.
查看有哪些可以配置的：–list, 命令输出以后，内容包括可选的依赖包，工程类型和构建属性（java 版本等 ).
手动创建
建立工程目录: mkdir initbyself
在工程目录下建立 build.gradle 文件，
cd initbyself
vim build.gradle
build.gradle 内容为：
plugins {
id ‘org.springframework.boot’ version ‘2.1.3.RELEASE’
id ‘java’
}
apply plugin: ‘io.spring.dependency-management’
group = ‘com.example’
version = ‘0.0.1-SNAPSHOT’
sourceCompatibility = ‘1.8’
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
implementation ‘org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-data-jpa’
implementation ‘org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf’
implementation ‘org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web’
runtimeOnly ‘com.h2database:h2’
testImplementation ‘org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test’
}
创建 setting.gradle 文件
pluginManagement {
repositories {
gradlePluginPortal()
}
}
rootProject.name = ‘initbyself’
创建 java 代码目录
mkdir -p src/main/java/com/example/initbyself
mkdir -p src/main/java/resources
创建 application
切换到代码目录 cd src/main/java/com/example/initbyself
编写源码文件 DemoApplication.java
package com.example.initbyself;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class DemoApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
}
}
运行 gradle build，结果为:
> Task :build
Skipping task ‘:build’ as it has no actions.
:build (Thread[Daemon worker Thread 2,5,main]) completed. Took 0.0 secs.
BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 3s
2 actionable tasks: 2 executed
运行项目:
java -jar build/libs/initbyself-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
. ____ _ __ _ _
/\\ / ___’_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \
(()\___ | ‘_ | ‘_| | ‘_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
\\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |) ) ) )
‘ |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
=========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
:: Spring Boot :: (v2.1.3.RELEASE)
.
.
.
.
.
2019-03-07 00:17:36.996 INFO 11848 — [main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path ”
2019-03-07 00:17:36.999 INFO 11848 — [main] com.example.initbyself.DemoApplication : Started DemoApplication in 19.497 seconds (JVM running for 19.992)
此时，已说明工程初始化成功了。
小结
以上是 Spring Boot 项目的初始化的三种方式，不一定全。第一种和第二种都依赖 https://start.spring.io 这个地址，这是官方提供的快速初始化方式，第三种是我们全手动一步一步初始化，需要对构建工具十分熟悉。
