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修改用户自定义数据库用户注意事项
默认架构将是服务器为此数据库用户解析对象名时将搜索的第一个架构。除非另外指定，否则默认架构将是此数据库用户创建的对象所属的架构。
如果用户具有默认架构，则将使用默认架构。如果用户不具有默认架构，但该用户是具有默认架构的组的成员，则将使用该组的默认架构。如果用户不具有默认架构而且是多个组的成员，则该用户的默认架构将是具有最低 principle_id 的 Windows 组的架构和一个显式设置的默认架构。如果不能为用户确定默认架构，则将使用 dbo 架构。
可以将 DEFAULT_SCHEMA 设置为数据库中当前不存在的架构。因此，可以在创建架构之前将 DEFAULT_SCHEMA 分配给用户。
不能为映射到证书或非对称密钥的用户指定 DEFAULT_SCHEMA。
如果用户是 sysadmin 固定服务器角色的成员，则忽略 DEFAULT_SCHEMA 的值。sysadmin 固定服务器角色的所有成员都有默认架构 dbo。
仅当新用户名的 SID 与在数据库中记录的 SID 匹配时，才能更改映射到 Windows 登录名或组的用户的名称。此检查将帮助防止数据库中的 Windows 登录名欺骗。
使用 WITH LOGIN 子句可以将用户重新映射到一个不同的登录名。不能使用此子句重新映射以下用户：不具有登录名的用户、映射到证书的用户或映射到非对称密钥的用户。只能重新映射 SQL 用户和 Windows 用户（或组）。不能使用 WITH LOGIN 子句更改用户类型，例如将 Windows 帐户更改为 SQL Server 登录名。
如果满足以下条件，则用户的名称会自动重命名为登录名。
用户是一个 Windows 用户。
名称是一个 Windows 名称（包含反斜杠）。
未指定新名称。
当前名称不同于登录名。
如果不满足上述条件，则不会重命名用户，除非调用方另外调用了 NAME 子句。
被映射到 SQL Server 登录名、证书或非对称密钥的用户名不能包含反斜杠字符 ()。
更改用户名需要具有 ALTER ANY USER 权限。
更改用户的目标登录名需要对数据库拥有 CONTROL 权限。
若要更改对数据库拥有 CONTROL 权限的用户名名称，则需要对数据库拥有 CONTROL 权限。
更改默认架构或语言需要对用户拥有 ALTER 权限。用户可更改自己的默认架构或语言。
使用 SSMS 数据库管理工具修改用户自定义数据库用户
1、连接服务器 -》在对象资源管理器窗口 -》展开数据库 -》选择数据库并展开 -》展开安全性 -》展开用户 -》选择要修改的用户右键点击 -》选择属性。
2、在数据库用户弹出框 -》点击常规 -》修改用户默认架构。
3、在数据库用户弹出框 -》点击拥有的架构 -》添加此用户拥有的架构。
4、在数据库用户弹出框 -》点击成员身份 -》添加或者删除数据库角色成员身份。
5、在数据库用户弹出框 -》点击安全对象 -》点击搜索添加安全对象 -》点击安全对象修改安全对象拥有的权限。
6、在数据库用户弹出框 -》点击扩展属性 -》添加或者删除扩展属性。
使用 T -SQL 脚本修改用户自定义数据库用户
语法
– 创建用户自定义数据库用户
– 声明数据库引用
use database_name;
go
– 修改用户自定义数据库用户
alter user user_name
with
name=new_user_name,
default_schema={schemaname | null},
login=login_name,
password=’password’ [old_password=’old_password’],
default_language={none | <lcid> | <language_name> | <language alias>},
allow_encrypted_value_modifications={on | off}
– 添加拥有的架构
use database_name;
go
alter authorization on schema::[db_accessadmin] to user_name;
go
alter authorization on schema::[db_backupoperator] to user_name;
go
alter authorization on schema::[db_datareader] to user_name;
go
alter authorization on schema::[db_datawriter] to user_name;
go
alter authorization on schema::[db_ddladmin] to user_name;
go
alter authorization on schema::[db_denydatareader] to user_name;
go
alter authorization on schema::[db_denydatawriter] to user_name;
go
alter authorization on schema::[db_owner] to user_name;
go
alter authorization on schema::[db_securityadmin] to user_name;
go
alter authorization on schema::[guest] to user_name;
go
删除拥有的架构（把架构付给自己就行了）
go
alter authorization on schema::[db_accessadmin] to db_accessadmin;
go
alter authorization on schema::[db_backupoperator] to db_backupoperator;
go
alter authorization on schema::[db_datareader] to db_datareader;
go
alter authorization on schema::[db_datawriter] to db_datawriter;
go
alter authorization on schema::[db_ddladmin] to db_ddladmin;
go
alter authorization on schema::[db_denydatareader] to db_denydatareader;
go
alter authorization on schema::[db_denydatawriter] to db_denydatawriter;
go
alter authorization on schema::[db_owner] to db_owner;
go
alter authorization on schema::[db_securityadmin] to db_securityadmin;
go
alter authorization on schema::[guest] to guest;
go
– 添加成员身份
use database_name;
go
alter role [db_accessadmin] add member user_name;
go
alter role [db_backupoperator] add member user_name;
go
alter role [db_datareader] add member user_name;
go
alter role [db_datawriter] add member user_name;
go
alter role [db_ddladmin] add member user_name;
go
alter role [db_denydatareader] add member user_name;
go
alter role [db_denydatawriter] add member user_name;
go
alter role [db_owner] add member user_name;
go
alter role [db_securityadmin] add member user_name;
go
– 删除成员身份
use database_name;
go
alter role [db_accessadmin] drop member user_name;
go
alter role [db_backupoperator] drop member user_name;
go
alter role [db_datareader] drop member user_name;
go
alter role [db_datawriter] drop member user_name;
go
alter role [db_ddladmin] drop member user_name;
go
alter role [db_denydatareader] drop member user_name;
go
alter role [db_denydatawriter] drop member user_name;
go
alter role [db_owner] drop member user_name;
go
alter role [db_securityadmin] drop member user_name;
go
– 安全对象
–use database_name;
–go
– 授予权限
– 备份日志
grant backup log to user_name;
go
– 备份数据库
grant backup database to user_name;
go
– 插入
grant insert to user_name;
go
– 查看定义
grant view definition to user_name;
go
– 查看任意列加密密钥定义
grant view any column encryption key definition to user_name;
go
– 查看任意列主密钥定义
grant view any column master key definition to user_name;
go
– 查看数据库状态
grant view database state to user_name;
go
– 撤销掩码
grant unmask to user_name;
go
– 创建 xml 架构集合
grant create xml schema collection to user_name;
go
– 创建表
grant create table to user_name;
go
– 创建程序集
grant create assembly to user_name;
go
– 创建队列
GRANT CREATE QUEUE to user_name;
go
– 创建对称密钥
grant create symmetric key to user_name;
go
– 创建非对称密钥
grant create asymmetric key to user_name;
go
– 创建服务
grant create service to user_name;
go
– 创建规则
grant create rule to user_name;
go
– 创建过程
grant create procedure to user_name;
go
– 创建函数
grant create function to user_name;
go
– 创建架构
grant create schema to user_name;
go
– 创建角色
grant create role to user_name;
go
– 创建类型
grant create type to user_name;
go
– 创建路由
grant create route to user_name;
go
– 创建默认值
grant create default to user_name;
go
– 创建全文目录
grant create fulltext catalog to user_name;
go
– 创建视图
grant create view to user_name;
go
– 创建数据库 DDL 事件通知
grant create database dll event notification to user_name;
go
– 创建同义词
grant create synonym to user_name;
go
– 创建消息类型
grant create message type to user_name;
go
– 创建远程服务绑定
grant create remote service binding to user_name;
go
– 创建约定
grant create contract to user_name;
go
– 创建证书
grant create certificate to user_name;
go
– 订阅查询通知
grant subscribe query notifications to user_name;
go
– 更改
grant alter to user_name;
go
– 更改任何外部数据源
grant alter any external data source to user_name;
go
– 更改任何外部文件格式
grant alter any external file format to user_name;
go
– 更改任何掩码
grant alter any mask to user_name;
go
– 更改任意安全策略
grant alter any security policy to user_name;
go
– 更改任意程序集
grant alter any assembly to user_name;
go
– 更改任意对称密钥
grant alter any symmetric key to user_name;
go
– 更改任意非对称密钥
grant alter any asymmetric key to user_name;
go
– 更改任意服务
grant alter any service to user_name;
go
– 更改任意架构
grant alter any schema to user_name;
go
– 更改任意角色
grant alter any role to user_name;
go
– 更改任意路由
grant alter any route to user_name;
go
– 更改任意全文目录
grant alter any fulltext catalog to user_name;
go
– 更改任意数据空间
grant alter any dataspace to user_name;
go
– 更改任意数据库 DDL 数据库触发器
grant alter any database ddl trigger to user_name;
go
– 更改任意数据库审核
grant alter any database audit to user_name;
go
– 更改任意数据库事件通知
grant alter any database event notification to user_name;
go
– 更改任意消息类型
grant alter any message type to user_name;
go
– 更改任意应用程序角色
grant alter any application role to user_name;
go
– 更改任意用户
grant alter any user to user_name;
go
– 更改任意远程服务绑定
grant alter any remote service binding to user_name;
go
– 更改任意约定
grant alter any contract to user_name;
go
– 更改任意证书
grant alter any certificate to user_name;
go
– 更新
grant update to user_name;
go
– 检查点
grant checkpoint to user_name;
go
– 接管所有权
grant take ownership to user_name;
go
– 控制
grant control to user_name;
go
– 控制聚合
grant create aggregate to user_name;
go
– 连接
grant connect to user_name;
go
– 连接复制
grant connect replication to user_name;
go
– 删除
grant delete to user_name;
go
– 身份验证
grant authenticate to user_name;
go
– 显示计划
grant showplan to user_name;
go
– 选择
grant select to user_name;
go
– 引用
grant references to user_name;
go
– 执行
grant execute to user_name;
go
– 授予并允许转售权限
– 安全对象
–use database_name;
–go
– 备份日志
grant backup log to user_name with grant option;
go
– 备份数据库
grant backup database to user_name with grant option;
go
– 插入
grant insert to user_name with grant option;
go
– 查看定义
grant view definition to user_name with grant option;
go
– 查看任意列加密密钥定义
grant view any column encryption key definition to user_name with grant option;
go
– 查看任意列主密钥定义
grant view any column master key definition to user_name with grant option;
go
– 查看数据库状态
grant view database state to user_name with grant option;
go
– 撤销掩码
grant unmask to user_name with grant option;
go
– 创建 xml 架构集合
grant create xml schema collection to user_name with grant option;
go
– 创建表
grant create table to user_name with grant option;
go
– 创建程序集
grant create assembly to user_name with grant option;
go
– 创建队列
GRANT CREATE QUEUE to user_name with grant option;
go
– 创建对称密钥
grant create symmetric key to user_name with grant option;
go
– 创建非对称密钥
grant create asymmetric key to user_name with grant option;
go
– 创建服务
grant create service to user_name with grant option;
go
– 创建规则
grant create rule to user_name with grant option;
go
– 创建过程
grant create procedure to user_name with grant option;
go
– 创建函数
grant create function to user_name with grant option;
go
– 创建架构
grant create schema to user_name with grant option;
go
– 创建角色
grant create role to user_name with grant option;
go
– 创建类型
grant create type to user_name with grant option;
go
– 创建路由
grant create route to user_name with grant option;
go
– 创建默认值
grant create default to user_name with grant option;
go
– 创建全文目录
grant create fulltext catalog to user_name with grant option;
go
– 创建视图
grant create view to user_name with grant option;
go
– 创建数据库 DDL 事件通知
grant create database dll event notification to user_name with grant option;
go
– 创建同义词
grant create synonym to user_name with grant option;
go
– 创建消息类型
grant create message type to user_name with grant option;
go
– 创建远程服务绑定
grant create remote service binding to user_name with grant option;
go
– 创建约定
grant create contract to user_name with grant option;
go
– 创建证书
grant create certificate to user_name with grant option;
go
– 订阅查询通知
grant subscribe query notifications to user_name with grant option;
go
– 更改
grant alter to user_name with grant option;
go
– 更改任何外部数据源
grant alter any external data source to user_name with grant option;
go
– 更改任何外部文件格式
grant alter any external file format to user_name with grant option;
go
– 更改任何掩码
grant alter any mask to user_name with grant option;
go
– 更改任意安全策略
grant alter any security policy to user_name with grant option;
go
– 更改任意程序集
grant alter any assembly to user_name with grant option;
go
– 更改任意对称密钥
grant alter any symmetric key to user_name with grant option;
go
– 更改任意非对称密钥
grant alter any asymmetric key to user_name with grant option;
go
– 更改任意服务
grant alter any service to user_name;
go
– 更改任意架构
grant alter any schema to user_name with grant option;
go
– 更改任意角色
grant alter any role to user_name with grant option;
go
– 更改任意路由
grant alter any route to user_name with grant option;
go
– 更改任意全文目录
grant alter any fulltext catalog to user_name with grant option;
go
– 更改任意数据空间
grant alter any dataspace to user_name with grant option;
go
– 更改任意数据库 DDL 数据库触发器
grant alter any database ddl trigger to user_name with grant option;
go
– 更改任意数据库审核
grant alter any database audit to user_name with grant option;
go
– 更改任意数据库事件通知
grant alter any database event notification to user_name with grant option;
go
– 更改任意消息类型
grant alter any message type to user_name with grant option;
go
– 更改任意应用程序角色
grant alter any application role to user_name with grant option;
go
– 更改任意用户
grant alter any user to user_name with grant option;
go
– 更改任意远程服务绑定
grant alter any remote service binding to user_name with grant option;
go
– 更改任意约定
grant alter any contract to user_name with grant option;
go
– 更改任意证书
grant alter any certificate to user_name with grant option;
go
– 更新
grant update to user_name with grant option;
go
– 检查点
grant checkpoint to user_name with grant option;
go
– 接管所有权
grant take ownership to user_name with grant option;
go
– 控制
grant control to user_name with grant option;
go
– 控制聚合
grant create aggregate to user_name with grant option;
go
– 连接
grant connect to user_name with grant option;
go
– 连接复制
grant connect replication to user_name with grant option;
go
– 删除
grant delete to user_name with grant option;
go
– 身份验证
grant authenticate to user_name with grant option;
go
– 显示计划
grant showplan to user_name with grant option;
go
– 选择
grant select to user_name with grant option;
go
– 引用
grant references to user_name with grant option;
go
– 执行
grant execute to user_name with grant option;
go
– 拒绝权限
– 安全对象
use database_name;
go
– 备份日志
deny backup log to user_name;
go
– 备份数据库
deny backup database to user_name;
go
– 插入
deny insert to user_name;
go
– 查看定义
deny view definition to user_name;
go
– 查看任意列加密密钥定义
deny view any column encryption key definition to user_name;
go
– 查看任意列主密钥定义
deny view any column master key definition to user_name;
go
– 查看数据库状态
deny view database state to user_name;
go
– 撤销掩码
deny unmask to user_name;
go
– 创建 xml 架构集合
deny create xml schema collection to user_name;
go
– 创建表
deny create table to user_name;
go
– 创建程序集
deny create assembly to user_name;
go
– 创建队列
deny CREATE QUEUE to user_name;
go
– 创建对称密钥
deny create symmetric key to user_name;
go
– 创建非对称密钥
deny create asymmetric key to user_name;
go
– 创建服务
deny create service to user_name;
go
– 创建规则
deny create rule to user_name;
go
– 创建过程
deny create procedure to user_name;
go
– 创建函数
deny create function to user_name;
go
– 创建架构
deny create schema to user_name;
go
– 创建角色
deny create role to user_name;
go
– 创建类型
deny create type to user_name;
go
– 创建路由
deny create route to user_name;
go
– 创建默认值
deny create default to user_name;
go
– 创建全文目录
deny create fulltext catalog to user_name;
go
– 创建视图
deny create view to user_name;
go
– 创建数据库 DDL 事件通知
deny create database dll event notification to user_name;
go
– 创建同义词
deny create synonym to user_name;
go
– 创建消息类型
deny create message type to user_name;
go
– 创建远程服务绑定
deny create remote service binding to user_name;
go
– 创建约定
deny create contract to user_name;
go
– 创建证书
deny create certificate to user_name;
go
– 订阅查询通知
deny subscribe query notifications to user_name;
go
– 更改
deny alter to user_name;
go
– 更改任何外部数据源
deny alter any external data source to user_name;
go
– 更改任何外部文件格式
deny alter any external file format to user_name;
go
– 更改任何掩码
deny alter any mask to user_name;
go
– 更改任意安全策略
deny alter any security policy to user_name;
go
– 更改任意程序集
deny alter any assembly to user_name;
go
– 更改任意对称密钥
deny alter any symmetric key to user_name;
go
– 更改任意非对称密钥
deny alter any asymmetric key to user_name;
go
– 更改任意服务
deny alter any service to user_name;
go
– 更改任意架构
deny alter any schema to user_name;
go
– 更改任意角色
deny alter any role to user_name;
go
– 更改任意路由
deny alter any route to user_name;
go
– 更改任意全文目录
deny alter any fulltext catalog to user_name;
go
– 更改任意数据空间
deny alter any dataspace to user_name;
go
– 更改任意数据库 DDL 数据库触发器
deny alter any database ddl trigger to user_name;
go
– 更改任意数据库审核
deny alter any database audit to user_name;
go
– 更改任意数据库事件通知
deny alter any database event notification to user_name;
go
– 更改任意消息类型
deny alter any message type to user_name;
go
– 更改任意应用程序角色
deny alter any application role to user_name;
go
– 更改任意用户
deny alter any user to user_name;
go
– 更改任意远程服务绑定
deny alter any remote service binding to user_name;
go
– 更改任意约定
deny alter any contract to user_name;
go
– 更改任意证书
deny alter any certificate to user_name;
go
– 更新
deny update to user_name;
go
– 检查点
deny checkpoint to user_name;
go
– 接管所有权
deny take ownership to user_name;
go
– 控制
deny control to user_name;
go
– 控制聚合
deny create aggregate to user_name;
go
– 连接
deny connect to user_name;
go
– 连接复制
deny connect replication to user_name;
go
– 删除
deny delete to user_name;
go
– 身份验证
deny authenticate to user_name;
go
– 显示计划
deny showplan to user_name;
go
– 选择
deny select to user_name;
go
– 引用
deny references to user_name;
go
– 执行
deny execute to user_name;
go
– 扩展属性
– 声明数据库引用
–use database_name
go
– 添加扩展注释
exec sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N’description_name’, @value=N’description_value’, @level0type=N’user’,@level0name=N’user_name’;
go
– 删除扩展注释
exec sys.sp_dropextendedproperty @name=N’description_name’, @level0type=N’user’,@level0name=N’user_name’
go
语法注释
–database_name– 数据库名称 –user_name– 指定在此数据库中用于识别该用户的名称。–login=login_name– 通过将用户的安全标识符 (SID) 更改为另一个登录名的 SID，使用户重新映射到该登录名。– 如果 ALTER USER 语句是 SQL 批处理中唯一的语句，则 Windows Azure SQL Database 将支持 WITH LOGIN 子句。– 如果 ALTER USER 语句不是 SQL 批处理中唯一的语句或在动态 SQL 中执行，则不支持 WITH LOGIN 子句。–name=new_user_name– 指定此用户的新名称。newUserName 不能已存在于当前数据库中。–default_schema={schemaname | null}– 指定服务器在解析此用户的对象名时将搜索的第一个架构。– 将默认架构设置为 NULL 将从 Windows 组中删除默认架构。Windows 用户不能使用 NULL 选项。–password=’password’ [old_password=’old_password’]– 适用范围：SQL Server 2012 (11.x)到 SQL Server 2017、SQL Database。– 指定正在更改的用户的密码。密码是区分大小写的。–old_password=’old_password’– 适用范围：SQL Server 2012 (11.x)到 SQL Server 2017、SQL Database。– 将替换为“password”的当前用户密码。密码是区分大小写的。– 除非拥有 ALTER ANY USER 权限，否则需要具有 OLD_PASSWORD 才能更改密码。需要 OLD_PASSWORD 可防止拥有 IMPERSONATION 权限的用户更改密码。– 此选项仅适用于包含的用户。–default_language={none | <lcid> | <language_name> | <language alias>}– 适用范围：SQL Server 2012 (11.x) 到 SQL Server 2017。– 指定将指派给用户的默认语言。如果将此选项设置为 NONE，则默认语言将设置为数据库的当前默认语言。如果之后更改数据库的默认语言，用户的默认语言将保持不变。–DEFAULT_LANGUAGE 可以为本地 ID (lcid)、语言的名称或语言别名。– 此选项只能在包含数据库中指定，且只能用于包含的用户。–allow_encrypted_value_modifications={on | off}– 适用范围：SQL Server 2016 (13.x)到 SQL Server 2017、SQL Database。– 取消在大容量复制操作期间对服务器进行加密元数据检查。这使用户能够在表或数据库之间大容量复制加密数据，而无需对数据进行解密。默认为 OFF。–description_name– 用户自定义用户注释名称 –description_value– 用户自定义用户注释值
示例
/********** 示例 **********/
– 声明数据库引用
use [testss];
go
– 添加拥有的架构
alter authorization on schema::[db_accessadmin] to test1;
go
– 删除拥有的架构
alter authorization on schema::[db_accessadmin] to db_accessadmin;
go
– 添加成员身份
alter role [db_backupoperator] add member test1;
go
alter role [db_datareader] add member test1;
go
– 删除成员身份
alter role [db_backupoperator] drop member test1;
go
alter role [db_datareader] drop member test1;
go
– 安全对象
– 授予权限
– 备份日志
grant backup log to test1;
go
– 扩展属性
– 删除扩展属性
exec sys.sp_dropextendedproperty @name=N’tests_description’, @level0type=N’user’,@level0name=N’test1′
go
– 添加扩展注释
exec sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N’tests_description’, @value=N’ 用户自定义用户描述 ’, @level0type=N’user’,@level0name=N’test1′;
go
– 修改当前数据库用户自定义用户属性
alter user test1
with
name=test1,
default_schema=dbo,
–login=tests,
–password=’1234′ old_password=’1234′,
–default_language=English,
allow_encrypted_value_modifications=off;
go
示例结果
