alien_invasion.py:

“”” 该游戏主程序，尽量做到最简单 ”””

import pygame

from settings import Settings

from ship import Ship

from pygame.sprite import Group

from game_stats import GameStats

from button import Button

from score_board import Scoreboard

import game_function as gf

def run_game():

“”” 初始化背景设置 ”””

pygame.init()

“””” 创建一个 Settings 实例 ”””

ai_settings=Settings()

“”” 创建一个游戏窗口以及标题 ”””

screen=pygame.display.set_mode(

(ai_settings.screen_width,ai_settings.screen_height))

pygame.display.set_caption(‘Alien Invasion’)

“”” 创建一艘飞船实例 ”””

ship=Ship(ai_settings,screen)

“”” 创建一个用于存储子弹和外星人的编组 ”””

bullets=Group()

aliens=Group()

“”” 创建外星人群 ”””

gf.creat_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)

“”” 创建存储游戏统计信息的实例, 并创建记分牌 ”””

stats = GameStats(ai_settings)

sb = Scoreboard(ai_settings,screen,stats)

创建 play 按钮

play_button = Button(ai_settings,screen,”Play”)

“”” 进入主循环 ”””

while True:

“””” 监视用户的操作，键盘和鼠标 ”””

gf.check_events(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,bullets,stats,play_button,sb)

if stats.game_active:

“”” 更新飞船 ”””

ship.update()

“”” 更新子弹 ”””

gf.update_bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,bullets,stats,sb)

“”” 更新外星人 ”””

gf.update_aliens(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,stats,bullets,sb)

“”” 刷新屏幕 ”””

gf.update_screen(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,bullets,

stats,play_button,sb)

run_game()

game_function.py:

如果把这个游戏比作一个人，那么上一段代码是刚接触这个人，他给你留下的第一印象，那么下面这段代码可以说是这个人的灵魂了

import sys

import pygame

from random import randint

from bullet import Bullet

from alien import Alien

from time import sleep

def fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets,stats):

“”” 开火!”””

确保屏幕上的子弹数在限制范围内

for i in range(int(stats.level/5) + 1):

if len(bullets) < ai_settings.bullet_allowed:

new_bullet=Bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship)

bullets.add(new_bullet)

def check_keydown(event,ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets,stats):

“”” 检查用户按键是否按下以及执行的任务 ”””

if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:

ship.moving_right=True

elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:

ship.moving_left=True

elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:

ship.moving_up=True

elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:

ship.moving_down=True

elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:

发射一颗子弹，并且在限制范围内

fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets,stats)

def check_keyup(event,ship):

“”” 检查用户释放按键 ”””

if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:

ship.moving_right=False

elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:

ship.moving_left=False

elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:

ship.moving_up=False

elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:

ship.moving_down=False

def check_events(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,bullets,stats,play_button,sb):

“”” 响应键盘和鼠标事件 ”””

for event in pygame.event.get():

if event.type == pygame.K_q:

sys.exit()

如果一直按下右键或者左键，空格键，则向右或右移动或者开火

elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:

check_keydown(event,ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets,stats)

释放右键或左键，停止移动

elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:

check_keyup(event,ship)

点击 Play 按钮，开始游戏

elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:

mouse_x,mouse_y = pygame.mouse.get_pos()

check_play_button(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,bullets,

stats,play_button,mouse_x,mouse_y,sb)

def check_play_button(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,bullets,

stats,play_button,mouse_x,mouse_y,sb):

“”” 在玩家单击 Play 按钮时开始游戏 ”””

button_clicked = play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y)

if button_clicked and not stats.game_active:

重置游戏设置

ai_settings.init_dynamic_settings()

隐藏光标

pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)

重置游戏统计信息

stats.reset_stats()

stats.game_active = True

重置记分牌图像

sb.prep_score()

sb.prep_high_score(screen)

sb.prep_level()

sb.prep_ships(screen)

清空外星人和子弹列表

aliens.empty()

bullets.empty()

创建一群新的外星人，并让飞船居中

creat_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)

ship.center_ship(ai_settings)

def update_screen(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,bullets,stats,play_button,sb):

“”” 每次循环都重绘屏幕 ”””

screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color)

for bullet in bullets.sprites():

bullet.draw_bullet()

ship.blitme()

aliens.draw(screen)

sb.show_score()

如果游戏处于非活动状态，绘制 Play 按钮

if not stats.game_active:

play_button.draw_button()

“””” 刷新屏幕，擦去旧屏幕，显示新屏幕 ”””

pygame.display.flip()

def update_bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,bullets,stats,sb):

“”” 更新子弹位置，并删除已经消失的子弹 ”””

更新子弹位置

bullets.update()

删除消失的子弹

for bullet in bullets.copy():

if bullet.rect.bottom<=0:

bullets.remove(bullet)

检查是否有子弹击中外星人

check_bullet_alien_colide(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,bullets,stats,sb)

def get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings,alien_width):

“”” 获得水平方向上外星人个数 ”””

available_space_x = ai_settings.screen_width-2 * alien_width

number_aliens_x = int(available_space_x/(2 * alien_width))

return number_aliens_x

def get_space_rows(ai_settings,ship_height,alien_height):

“”” 获得垂直方向上外星人的行数 ”””

available_space_y = (ai_settings.screen_height-(3 * alien_height)-

ship_height)

number_aliens_rows = int(available_space_y/(2 * alien_height))

return number_aliens_rows

def creat_alien(ai_settings,screen,aliens,alien_number,row_number):

“”” 根据传入的数据在某个位置创建一个外星人 ”””

alien = Alien(ai_settings,screen)

alien_width = alien.rect.width

alien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * alien_number

alien.rect.x = alien.x

alien.rect.y = (alien.rect.height +20) + 2 * alien.rect.height * row_number

aliens.add(alien)

def creat_random_alien_x(number_aliens_x,ai_settings,screen,aliens,row_number):

“”” 在第一行随机创建若干个外星人 ”””

for i in range(2,number_aliens_x+2):

random_number_x=randint(2,i)

for alien_number in range(random_number_x – 1,random_number_x):

creat_alien(ai_settings,screen,aliens,alien_number,row_number)

def creat_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens):

“”” 创建外星人群以及获取屏幕上最大的行数和每行最多个数 ”””

alien=Alien(ai_settings,screen)

number_aliens_x = get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings,alien.rect.width)

number_rows = get_space_rows(ai_settings,ship.rect.height,

alien.rect.height)

“”” 随机创建行数 ”””

for j in range(0,number_rows):

random_number_y = randint(0,j)

for row_number in range(random_number_y):

creat_random_alien_x(number_aliens_x,ai_settings,

screen,aliens,row_number)

def check_fleet_edges(ai_settings,aliens):

“”” 有外星人到达屏幕边缘 ”””

for alien in aliens.sprites():

if alien.check_edges():

change_fleet_direction(ai_settings,aliens)

break

def change_fleet_direction(ai_settings,aliens):

“”” 将外星人下移，并改变它们的方向 ”””

for alien in aliens.sprites():

alien.rect.y += ai_settings.fleet_drop_speed

ai_settings.fleet_direction *= -1

def update_aliens(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,stats,bullets,sb):

“”” 检测有外星人位于屏幕边缘或者相撞或者外星人到达底部，更新外星人的位置 ”””

check_fleet_edges(ai_settings,aliens)

aliens.update()

检测飞船与外星人的撞击

if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(ship,aliens):

ship_hit(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,stats,bullets,sb)

检查是否有外星人到达屏幕底部

check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,stats,bullets,sb)

def check_bullet_alien_colide(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,bullets,stats,sb):

“”” 检测子弹和外星人的碰撞 ”””

collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(bullets,aliens,True,True)

两个 True 可使得子弹与外星人碰撞后消失，并返回一个字典

碰撞之后加分

if collisions:

for aliens in collisions.values():

i = randint(0,10)

if i>8:

stats.score += (ai_settings.alien_points + 10) * len(aliens)

sb.prep_score()

else:

stats.score += ai_settings.alien_points * len(aliens)

sb.prep_score()

检查是否刷新最高分

check_high_score(stats,sb,screen)

if len(aliens) == 0:

删除现有的子弹，加快游戏速度, 创建新的外星人

ship.center_ship(ai_settings)

bullets.empty()

ai_settings.increase_speed()

提高等级

stats.level += 1

ai_settings.increase_bullet_size()

sb.prep_level()

creat_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)

def ship_hit(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,stats,bullets,sb):

“”” 飞船与外星人相撞，生命减 1，清除外星人和子弹列表

并创建新的外星人，飞船放在屏幕底部中央位置 ”””

if stats.ship_left > 0:

stats.ship_left -= 1

sb.prep_ships(screen)

清空外星人和子弹列表

aliens.empty()

bullets.empty()

新建一个飞船和外星人群

creat_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)

ship.center_ship(ai_settings)

暂停 0.5 秒

sleep(0.5)

else:

ai_settings.bullet_width = 3

stats.game_active = False

pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)

def check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,stats,bullets,sb):

“”” 检查是否有外星人到达底部 ”””

screen_rect = screen.get_rect()

for alien in aliens.sprites():

if alien.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom:

ship_hit(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,stats,bullets,sb)

break

def check_high_score(stats,sb,screen):

“”” 检查是否产生了新的最高分 ”””
XM 代理申请 http://www.kaifx.cn/broker/xm…

if stats.score > stats.high_score:

stats.high_score = stats.score

sb.prep_high_score(screen)

后面的文件基本是作为分支吧，一些属性还有一些初始化的数据，都是为 game_function 文件提供资源的

settings.py:

class Settings():

def __init__(self):

“”” 设置长度和宽度以及背景色属性 ”””

self.screen_width = 800

self.screen_height = 700

self.bg_color=(255,255,255)

self.ship_limit = 2

“”” 子弹设置 ”””

self.bullet_width = 3

self.bullet_height=15

self.bullet_color=(60,60,60)

self.bullet_allowed=8

“”” 外星人移动设置 ”””

self.fleet_drop_speed = 10

“”” 以什么样的速度加快游戏节奏 ”””

self.speed_up_scale = 1.1

self.init_dynamic_settings()

“”” 外星人点数的提高 ”””

self.score_scale = 1.5

“”” 子弹大小提高 ”””

self.bullet_scale = 10

def init_dynamic_settings(self):

self.speed = 1.5

self.bullet_speed = 3

self.alien_speed = 0.2

fleet_direction 为 1 表示向右移动，- 1 表示向左移动

self.fleet_direction = -1

计分

self.alien_points = 10

def increase_speed(self):

“”” 提高速度设置和外星人点数设置 ”””

self.speed *= self.speed_up_scale

self.bullet_speed *= self.speed_up_scale

self.alien_speed *= self.speed_up_scale

self.alien_points = int(self.alien_points * self.score_scale)

def increase_bullet_size(self):

self.bullet_width += self.bullet_scale

ship.py:

import pygame

from pygame.sprite import Sprite

class Ship(Sprite):

def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen):

“”” 初始化飞船并设置其初始位置 ”””

super(Ship,self).__init__()

self.screen=screen

加载飞船图像并获取其外接矩形

self.image=pygame.image.load(‘images/ship.bmp’)

self.rect=self.image.get_rect()# 获取飞船的矩形

self.screen_rect=screen.get_rect()# 获取屏幕矩形

self.ai_settings=ai_settings

将每艘新飞船放在屏幕底部中央位置

self.rect.centerx=self.screen_rect.centerx

self.rect.centery=self.screen_rect.centery

self.rect.bottom=self.screen_rect.bottom

self.center_x=float(self.rect.centerx)

self.center_y=float(self.rect.centery)

“”” 连续检测按键，设置未按下右键为 False”””

self.moving_right=False

self.moving_left=False

self.moving_up=False

self.moving_down=False

def update(self):

“”” 如果连续按方向键，则一直移动, 并且不超过边界 ”””

if self.moving_right and self.rect.right < self.screen_rect.right:

self.center_x+=self.ai_settings.speed

使用两个 if，这样玩家同时按下两个键，

将先增大 rect.centerx 值，再降低，则飞船位置不变

if self.moving_left and self.rect.left > 0:

self.center_x-=self.ai_settings.speed

if self.moving_up and self.rect.top > 0:

self.center_y-=self.ai_settings.speed

if self.moving_down and self.rect.bottom < self.screen_rect.bottom:

self.center_y+=self.ai_settings.speed

self.rect.centerx=self.center_x

self.rect.centery=self.center_y

“”” 在指定位置绘制飞船 ”””

def blitme(self):

self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)

def center_ship(self,ai_settings):

self.center_x = ai_settings.screen_width/2

self.center_y = ai_settings.screen_height – 28

alien.py:

import pygame

from pygame.sprite import Sprite

class Alien(Sprite):

def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen):

super().__init__()

“”” 初始化外星人并设置其初始位置 ”””

self.screen=screen

self.ai_settings=ai_settings

加载外星人图像并设置 rect 属性

self.image=pygame.image.load(‘images/alien.bmp’)

self.rect=self.image.get_rect()

每个外星人都在屏幕左上角附近

self.rect.x=self.rect.width

self.rect.y=self.rect.height

存储外星人准确位置

self.x=float(self.rect.x)

def check_edges(self):

“”” 如果外星人碰到屏幕边缘，则返回 True”””

screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()

if self.rect.right >= screen_rect.right:

return True

elif self.rect.left <= 0:

return True

def update(self):

“”” 移动外星人 ”””

self.x += (self.ai_settings.alien_speed *

(self.ai_settings.fleet_direction))

self.rect.x=self.x

def blitme(self):

“”” 在指定位置绘制飞船 ”””

self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)

bullet.py:

import pygame

from pygame.sprite import Sprite

class Bullet(Sprite):

def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,ship):

在飞船位置创建一个子弹对象

super(Bullet,self).__init__()

self.screen=screen

self.rect=pygame.Rect(0,0,ai_settings.bullet_width

,ai_settings.bullet_height)

self.rect.centerx = ship.rect.centerx

self.rect.top = ship.rect.top

self.y=float(self.rect.y)

self.color=ai_settings.bullet_color

self.speed=ai_settings.bullet_speed

def update(self):

“”” 向上移动子弹 ”””

更新子弹的小数值

self.y -= self.speed

self.rect.y=self.y

def draw_bullet(self):

“”” 在屏幕上绘制子弹 ”””

pygame.draw.rect(self.screen,self.color,self.rect)

button.py:

import pygame.font

class Button():

def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,msg):

“”” 初始化按钮属性 ”””

self.screen = screen

self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()

设置按钮大小以及其他属性

self.width,self.height = 200,50

self.button_color = (0, 255, 0)

self.text_color = (60,60,60)

self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)

创建按钮的 rect 对象，并使其居中

self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, self.width, self.height)

self.rect.center = self.screen_rect.center

按钮的标签只需要创建一次

self.prep_msg(msg)

def prep_msg(self,msg):

“”” 将 msg 渲染为图像，并使其在按钮上居中 ”””

self.msg_image = self.font.render(msg,True,self.text_color,

self.button_color)

self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect()

self.msg_image_rect.center = self.rect.center

def draw_button(self):

绘制一个用颜色填充的按钮，再绘制文本

self.screen.fill(self.button_color,self.rect)

self.screen.blit(self.msg_image,self.msg_image_rect)

game_stats.py:

class GameStats():

“”” 跟踪游戏的统计信息 ”””

def __init__(self,ai_settings):

self.ai_settings = ai_settings

self.game_active = False

self.reset_stats()

任何情况下都不能重置最高分

self.high_score = 0

def reset_stats(self):

“”” 初始化在游戏运行过程中可能变化的统计信息 ”””

self.ship_left = self.ai_settings.ship_limit

self.score = 0

self.level = 1

self.bullet_width = 3

scord_board.py:

import pygame.font

from pygame.sprite import Group

from ship import Ship

class Scoreboard():

“”” 显示得分的类 ”””

def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,stats):

“”” 初始化显示得分的属性 ”””

self.screen = screen

self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()

self.ai_settings = ai_settings

self.stats = stats

显示得分时的字体设置

self.text_color = (30,30,30)

self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)

准备初始得分图像以及当前最高得分

self.prep_score()

self.prep_high_score(screen)

self.prep_level()

self.prep_ships(screen)

def prep_score(self):

“”” 将得分转化为可渲染的图像 ”””

rounded_score = int(round(self.stats.score,-1))

score_str =”Score:”+”{:,}”.format(rounded_score)

self.score_image = self.font.render(score_str,True,self.text_color,

self.ai_settings.bg_color)

将得分放在屏幕右上角

self.score_rect = self.score_image.get_rect()

self.score_rect.right = self.screen_rect.right – 20

self.score_rect.top = 20

def prep_high_score(self,screen):

“”” 将最高得分渲染为图片 ”””

high_score = int(round(self.stats.high_score,-1))

high_score_str = “High Score:”+”{:,}”.format(high_score)

self.high_score_image = self.font.render(high_score_str,True,self.text_color,

self.ai_settings.bg_color)

“”” 将最高得分放在屏幕左上角 ”””

self.high_score_rect = self.high_score_image.get_rect()

self.high_score_rect.left = self.screen_rect.left + 20

self.high_score_rect.top = 20

def prep_level(self):

“”” 将等级渲染为图像 ”””

self.level_image = self.font.render(“Level:”+str(self.stats.level),True,

self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)

将等级放在右下角

self.level_rect = self.level_image.get_rect()

self.level_rect.right = self.score_rect.right

self.level_rect.bottom = self.score_rect.bottom + 650

def show_score(self):

“”” 在屏幕上显示得分, 最高分，等级 ”””

self.screen.blit(self.score_image,self.score_rect)

self.screen.blit(self.high_score_image,self.high_score_rect)

self.screen.blit(self.level_image,self.level_rect)

绘制剩余飞船

self.ships.draw(self.screen)

def prep_ships(self,screen):

“”” 显示剩余的飞机 ”””

self.ships = Group()

for ship_number in range(self.stats.ship_left + 1):

ship =Ship(self.ai_settings,self.screen)

ship.rect.x = 10 + ship_number * ship.rect.width

ship.rect.y = self.screen_rect.top + 640

self.ships.add(ship)

原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44412311/article/details/106590762