关于springboot:模仿Cacheables实现方法拦截

背景

在SpringBoot开发中,通过@Cacheable注解便能够实现办法级别缓存,如下

 @GetMapping(value = "/user/detail")
 @Cacheable(value = "user", key = "#uid")
 public User deteail(@RequestParam(value = "uid") String uid) {...}

Cacheable的逻辑

  • 如果缓存中没有key为#uid的数据就执行detail函数并且把后果放到缓存中
  • 如果缓存中存在key为#uid的数据就间接返回,不执行detail函数

通过Cacheable咱们能够十分不便的在代码中应用缓存,那么Cacheable是如何实现的,一开始认为是通过AOP实现,然而通过查看源码,发现跟AOP又有点不一样。

Cacheable原理

如果要应用Cacheable就必须在启动类上加上@EnableCaching(),该注解定义如下

@Import(CachingConfigurationSelector.class)
public @interface EnableCaching {...}

CachingConfigurationSelector继承了AdviceModeImportSelector,次要看selectImports办法

public class CachingConfigurationSelector extends AdviceModeImportSelector<EnableCaching>{
  //.....
  @Override
    public String[] selectImports(AdviceMode adviceMode) {
        switch (adviceMode) {
            case PROXY:
                return getProxyImports();
            case ASPECTJ:
                return getAspectJImports();
            default:
                return null;
        }
    }
  
  private String[] getProxyImports() {
        List<String> result = new ArrayList<>(3);
        result.add(AutoProxyRegistrar.class.getName());
        result.add(ProxyCachingConfiguration.class.getName());
        if (jsr107Present && jcacheImplPresent) {
            result.add(PROXY_JCACHE_CONFIGURATION_CLASS);
        }
        return StringUtils.toStringArray(result);
    }
}
  • 判断实现模式是基于代理(PROXY)还是ASPECTJ,Spring-AOP模式应用时代理模式,所以这边会走到getProxyImports这里
  • getProxyImports中退出两个代理类,咱们次要看ProxyCachingConfiguration
@Configuration
@Role(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE)
public class ProxyCachingConfiguration extends AbstractCachingConfiguration {

    @Bean(name = CacheManagementConfigUtils.CACHE_ADVISOR_BEAN_NAME)
    @Role(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE)
    public BeanFactoryCacheOperationSourceAdvisor cacheAdvisor() {
        BeanFactoryCacheOperationSourceAdvisor advisor = new BeanFactoryCacheOperationSourceAdvisor();
        advisor.setCacheOperationSource(cacheOperationSource());
        advisor.setAdvice(cacheInterceptor());
        if (this.enableCaching != null) {
            advisor.setOrder(this.enableCaching.<Integer>getNumber("order"));
        }
        return advisor;
    }

    @Bean
    @Role(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE)
    public CacheOperationSource cacheOperationSource() {
        return new AnnotationCacheOperationSource();
    }

    @Bean
    @Role(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE)
    public CacheInterceptor cacheInterceptor() {
        CacheInterceptor interceptor = new CacheInterceptor();
        interceptor.configure(this.errorHandler, this.keyGenerator, this.cacheResolver, this.cacheManager);
        interceptor.setCacheOperationSource(cacheOperationSource());
        return interceptor;
    }

}

这里创立了几个类,咱们重点关注以下两个类

  • cacheAdvisor:缓存加强类,能够了解为AOP中的Aspect,能够定义切点(Pointcut)和告诉(advice)
  • cacheInterceptor:缓存中断器,缓存逻辑的具体执行,能够了解为AOP中的告诉(advice)

BeanFactoryCacheOperationSourceAdvisor局部代码如下

public class BeanFactoryCacheOperationSourceAdvisor extends AbstractBeanFactoryPointcutAdvisor {

    @Nullable
    private CacheOperationSource cacheOperationSource;

    private final CacheOperationSourcePointcut pointcut = new CacheOperationSourcePointcut() {
        @Override
        @Nullable
        protected CacheOperationSource getCacheOperationSource() {
            return cacheOperationSource;
        }
    };
  //....
}

在这里定义了一个切点(pointcut),加上下面代码中定义了一个告诉

advisor.setAdvice(cacheInterceptor());

所以这就是一个残缺的Aspect,切点负责定义拦挡的类,CacheOperationSourcePointcut局部代码如下

abstract class CacheOperationSourcePointcut extends StaticMethodMatcherPointcut implements Serializable {

    @Override
    public boolean matches(Method method, Class<?> targetClass) {
        if (CacheManager.class.isAssignableFrom(targetClass)) {
            return false;
        }
        CacheOperationSource cas = getCacheOperationSource();
        return (cas != null && !CollectionUtils.isEmpty(cas.getCacheOperations(method, targetClass)));
    }
  //...
}

其中matchs就是负责过滤的类和办法,如果返回true那么该办法就会被拦挡,拦挡形式对应AOP中的Around,具体过滤规定咱们就不持续往下看,总之Cacheable的实现能够概括如下

定义Advisor->定义中断(interceptor)->定义切点(Pointcut)

那么接下来咱们模拟Cacheable实现日志的打印,在办法进入前打印日志,在办法执行后打印日志

模拟Cacheable实现日志打印

  • 定义注解,作用相似Cacheable

Logable.java

@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Logable {
    String value() default "";
}
  • 定义配置类,为了简略这里就不采纳EnableCache的形式,间接定义配置类

LogProxyConfiguration.java

@Configuration
@Role(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE)
public class LogProxyConfiguration {

    @Bean(name = "com.poc.aop.log.LogAdvisor")
    @Role(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE)
    public LogAdvisor logAdvisor() {
        LogAdvisor advisor = new LogAdvisor();
        advisor.setAdvice(new LogInterceptor());
        return advisor;
    }
}
  • 定义日志加强类LogAdvisor

LogAdvisor.java

public class LogAdvisor extends AbstractBeanFactoryPointcutAdvisor {
    LogPointcut pointcut=new LogPointcut();
    @Override
    public Pointcut getPointcut() {
        return pointcut;
    }
}
  • 定义日志切点

LogPointcut.java

public class LogPointcut extends StaticMethodMatcherPointcut {
    @Override
    public boolean matches(Method method, Class<?> targetClass) {
        return method.getAnnotation(Logable.class) != null;
    }
}

这里逻辑判断很简略,只有带有Logable的办法就会被拦挡

  • 定义日志办法中断,也就是告诉advice
public class LogInterceptor implements MethodInterceptor {
    @Override
    public Object invoke(MethodInvocation invocation) throws Throwable {
        System.out.println("执行办法==>" + invocation.getMethod().getName());
        System.out.println("办法参数:");
        for (Object arg : invocation.getArguments()) {
            System.out.println("参数:" + arg);
        }
        Object returnValue = invocation.proceed();
        System.out.println("返回值===>" + returnValue);
        return returnValue;
    }
}

测试

咱们筹备一个测试接口

@GetMapping(value = "/user/detail")
@Logable
public User deteail(@RequestParam(value = "uid") String uid) {
    User u = new User();
    u.setUid(uid);
    u.setAge(10);
    u.setEmail("jianfeng.zheng@definesys.com");
    u.setBirthday(Calendar.getInstance().getTime());
    return u;
}

申请接口,进入LogInterceptor.invoke办法,打印如下

执行办法==>deteail
办法参数:
参数:004
返回值===>User{uid='004', name='null', email='jianfeng.zheng@definesys.com', birthday=Mon Mar 15 19:32:22 CST 2021, age=10}

用Spring AOP能不能实现

当然是能够的,只有编写一个Aspect类就行

@Aspect
@Component
public class LogAspect {

    @Pointcut("@annotation(com.poc.aop.log.Logable)")
    public void logPointCut() {
    }

    @Around("logPointCut()")
    public void aroundAdvice(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) {
        System.out.println("执行办法==>" + joinPoint.getSignature().getName());
        System.out.println("办法参数:");
        for (Object arg : joinPoint.getArgs()) {
            System.out.println("参数:" + arg);
        }
        Object returnValue = null;
        try {
            returnValue = joinPoint.proceed();
        } catch (Throwable throwable) {
            throwable.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("返回值===>" + returnValue);
    }
}

一样的成果,那为什么Cacheable要应用下面那种形式?我猜是因为advisor这种代理的形式切点灵活性更高,如下

public boolean matches(Method method, Class<?> targetClass) 

能够依据method和targetClass灵便定义切点,当然我还是更喜爱Aspect的形式

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