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背景
在 SpringBoot 开发中,通过 @Cacheable
注解便能够实现办法级别缓存,如下
@GetMapping(value = "/user/detail")
@Cacheable(value = "user", key = "#uid")
public User deteail(@RequestParam(value = "uid") String uid) {...}
Cacheable 的逻辑
- 如果缓存中没有 key 为
#uid
的数据就执行 detail 函数并且把后果放到缓存中 - 如果缓存中存在 key 为
#uid
的数据就间接返回,不执行 detail 函数
通过 Cacheable 咱们能够十分不便的在代码中应用缓存,那么 Cacheable 是如何实现的,一开始认为是通过 AOP 实现,然而通过查看源码,发现跟 AOP 又有点不一样。
Cacheable 原理
如果要应用 Cacheable
就必须在启动类上加上@EnableCaching()
,该注解定义如下
@Import(CachingConfigurationSelector.class)
public @interface EnableCaching {...}
CachingConfigurationSelector 继承了 AdviceModeImportSelector,次要看 selectImports 办法
public class CachingConfigurationSelector extends AdviceModeImportSelector<EnableCaching>{
//.....
@Override
public String[] selectImports(AdviceMode adviceMode) {switch (adviceMode) {
case PROXY:
return getProxyImports();
case ASPECTJ:
return getAspectJImports();
default:
return null;
}
}
private String[] getProxyImports() {List<String> result = new ArrayList<>(3);
result.add(AutoProxyRegistrar.class.getName());
result.add(ProxyCachingConfiguration.class.getName());
if (jsr107Present && jcacheImplPresent) {result.add(PROXY_JCACHE_CONFIGURATION_CLASS);
}
return StringUtils.toStringArray(result);
}
}
- 判断实现模式是基于代理 (PROXY) 还是 ASPECTJ,Spring-AOP 模式应用时代理模式,所以这边会走到 getProxyImports 这里
- getProxyImports 中退出两个代理类,咱们次要看 ProxyCachingConfiguration
@Configuration
@Role(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE)
public class ProxyCachingConfiguration extends AbstractCachingConfiguration {@Bean(name = CacheManagementConfigUtils.CACHE_ADVISOR_BEAN_NAME)
@Role(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE)
public BeanFactoryCacheOperationSourceAdvisor cacheAdvisor() {BeanFactoryCacheOperationSourceAdvisor advisor = new BeanFactoryCacheOperationSourceAdvisor();
advisor.setCacheOperationSource(cacheOperationSource());
advisor.setAdvice(cacheInterceptor());
if (this.enableCaching != null) {advisor.setOrder(this.enableCaching.<Integer>getNumber("order"));
}
return advisor;
}
@Bean
@Role(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE)
public CacheOperationSource cacheOperationSource() {return new AnnotationCacheOperationSource();
}
@Bean
@Role(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE)
public CacheInterceptor cacheInterceptor() {CacheInterceptor interceptor = new CacheInterceptor();
interceptor.configure(this.errorHandler, this.keyGenerator, this.cacheResolver, this.cacheManager);
interceptor.setCacheOperationSource(cacheOperationSource());
return interceptor;
}
}
这里创立了几个类,咱们重点关注以下两个类
- cacheAdvisor:缓存加强类,能够了解为 AOP 中的 Aspect,能够定义切点 (Pointcut) 和告诉(advice)
- cacheInterceptor:缓存中断器,缓存逻辑的具体执行,能够了解为 AOP 中的告诉(advice)
BeanFactoryCacheOperationSourceAdvisor
局部代码如下
public class BeanFactoryCacheOperationSourceAdvisor extends AbstractBeanFactoryPointcutAdvisor {
@Nullable
private CacheOperationSource cacheOperationSource;
private final CacheOperationSourcePointcut pointcut = new CacheOperationSourcePointcut() {
@Override
@Nullable
protected CacheOperationSource getCacheOperationSource() {return cacheOperationSource;}
};
//....
}
在这里定义了一个切点(pointcut),加上下面代码中定义了一个告诉
advisor.setAdvice(cacheInterceptor());
所以这就是一个残缺的 Aspect,切点负责定义拦挡的类,CacheOperationSourcePointcut 局部代码如下
abstract class CacheOperationSourcePointcut extends StaticMethodMatcherPointcut implements Serializable {
@Override
public boolean matches(Method method, Class<?> targetClass) {if (CacheManager.class.isAssignableFrom(targetClass)) {return false;}
CacheOperationSource cas = getCacheOperationSource();
return (cas != null && !CollectionUtils.isEmpty(cas.getCacheOperations(method, targetClass)));
}
//...
}
其中 matchs 就是负责过滤的类和办法,如果返回 true 那么该办法就会被拦挡,拦挡形式对应 AOP 中的Around
,具体过滤规定咱们就不持续往下看,总之 Cacheable 的实现能够概括如下
定义 Advisor-> 定义中断(interceptor)-> 定义切点(Pointcut)
那么接下来咱们模拟 Cacheable 实现日志的打印,在办法进入前打印日志,在办法执行后打印日志
模拟 Cacheable 实现日志打印
- 定义注解,作用相似 Cacheable
Logable.java
@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Logable {String value() default "";
}
- 定义配置类,为了简略这里就不采纳
EnableCache
的形式,间接定义配置类
LogProxyConfiguration.java
@Configuration
@Role(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE)
public class LogProxyConfiguration {@Bean(name = "com.poc.aop.log.LogAdvisor")
@Role(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE)
public LogAdvisor logAdvisor() {LogAdvisor advisor = new LogAdvisor();
advisor.setAdvice(new LogInterceptor());
return advisor;
}
}
- 定义日志加强类 LogAdvisor
LogAdvisor.java
public class LogAdvisor extends AbstractBeanFactoryPointcutAdvisor {LogPointcut pointcut=new LogPointcut();
@Override
public Pointcut getPointcut() {return pointcut;}
}
- 定义日志切点
LogPointcut.java
public class LogPointcut extends StaticMethodMatcherPointcut {
@Override
public boolean matches(Method method, Class<?> targetClass) {return method.getAnnotation(Logable.class) != null;
}
}
这里逻辑判断很简略,只有带有 Logable 的办法就会被拦挡
- 定义日志办法中断,也就是告诉 advice
public class LogInterceptor implements MethodInterceptor {
@Override
public Object invoke(MethodInvocation invocation) throws Throwable {System.out.println("执行办法 ==>" + invocation.getMethod().getName());
System.out.println("办法参数:");
for (Object arg : invocation.getArguments()) {System.out.println("参数:" + arg);
}
Object returnValue = invocation.proceed();
System.out.println("返回值 ===>" + returnValue);
return returnValue;
}
}
测试
咱们筹备一个测试接口
@GetMapping(value = "/user/detail")
@Logable
public User deteail(@RequestParam(value = "uid") String uid) {User u = new User();
u.setUid(uid);
u.setAge(10);
u.setEmail("jianfeng.zheng@definesys.com");
u.setBirthday(Calendar.getInstance().getTime());
return u;
}
申请接口,进入 LogInterceptor.invoke 办法,打印如下
执行办法 ==>deteail
办法参数:
参数:004
返回值 ===>User{uid='004', name='null', email='jianfeng.zheng@definesys.com', birthday=Mon Mar 15 19:32:22 CST 2021, age=10}
用 Spring AOP 能不能实现
当然是能够的,只有编写一个 Aspect 类就行
@Aspect
@Component
public class LogAspect {@Pointcut("@annotation(com.poc.aop.log.Logable)")
public void logPointCut() {}
@Around("logPointCut()")
public void aroundAdvice(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) {System.out.println("执行办法 ==>" + joinPoint.getSignature().getName());
System.out.println("办法参数:");
for (Object arg : joinPoint.getArgs()) {System.out.println("参数:" + arg);
}
Object returnValue = null;
try {returnValue = joinPoint.proceed();
} catch (Throwable throwable) {throwable.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("返回值 ===>" + returnValue);
}
}
一样的成果,那为什么 Cacheable 要应用下面那种形式?我猜是因为 advisor 这种代理的形式切点灵活性更高,如下
public boolean matches(Method method, Class<?> targetClass)
能够依据 method 和 targetClass 灵便定义切点,当然我还是更喜爱 Aspect 的形式