聊聊Election-Algorithms
序本文主要研究一下Election Algorithms Election AlgorithmsElection Algorithms大致有两类,一类是Garcia-Molina提出的Bully Election,一类是Chang & Roberts's Token Ring Election algorithm;对于大多数的election algorithms通常有如下几个假定: 完整的topology,信息可以在topology的nodes之间传递每个node有唯一的id,而且对整个topology其他node可见所有的通信网络是可靠的,只允许node fail,要求消息不丢失,不重复,不损坏要求已经有fail detector机制来处理node fail的情况Bully Election当有node检测到leader fail之后,就发送election request给其他node,election request中带上自己的id当node接收到election request时判断如果自己的id大于request中的id,则可以"bully"覆盖request中的id,如果小于则不改动,然后发送election request给其他node;当有node接收到election request的id是自己的node id时,则表明自己是leader,于是给其他node发送leader request当node接收到leader request时设置本地leader id,同时判断如果leader id不是自己的node id时则转发该leader request给其他nodeToken Ring Election当有node检测到leader fail之后,就发送election request给其他node,election request中带上自己的id当node接收到election request时,则判断自己的node id是否在里面,不在的话则追加自己的node id到election request中;如果自己的node id已经在该election request中时则提取这些node id,取出id最大的作为leader,然后给其他node发送leader request当node接收到leader request时设置本地leader id,同时判断如果leader id不是自己的node id时则转发该leader request给其他node实例这里采用distributedLeaderElection的实现Bully Election public void onMessage(String message) { String messageHeader = message.split(":")[0]; String messageBody = message.split(":")[1]; if (messageHeader.equals("Election")){ if (Integer.parseInt(messageBody.trim()) < Node.getMyID() // If we are a better candidate && !participant){ System.out.println("I " + Node.getMyID() + " am a better candidate than "+messageBody); Node.sendMsgToNextNode("Election" + ":" + Node.getMyID()); // Suggest us for election } else if (Integer.parseInt(messageBody.trim()) == Node.getMyID()) { // If this is our ID System.out.println("I " + Node.getMyID() + " received my own pebble, so I am the new leader"); Node.sendMsgToNextNode("Leader" + ":" + Node.getMyID()); // Announce us as the new leader } else { // The current candidate is better System.out.println("I " + Node.getMyID() + " am a worse candidate than "+messageBody); Node.sendMsgToNextNode(message); // Forward his candidancy } participant = true; } else if (messageHeader.equals("Leader")){ System.out.println(messageBody + " is the new leader"); leaderID = messageBody; if (Integer.parseInt(messageBody.trim()) != Node.getMyID()) Node.sendMsgToNextNode(message); } }可以看到bully算法在看到election request中node id小于自己node id时,直接bully覆盖该node id;当走了一圈发现请求中node id是自己的node id时,则选举自己为leaderToken Ring Election public void onMessage(String message) { String messageHeader = message.split(":")[0]; List<String> messageBody = Arrays.asList(message.replace(messageHeader+":", "").split(":")); if (messageHeader.equals("Election")){ if (!messageBody.contains(Node.getMyID()+"")){ // If we are not contained in the list System.out.println("I " + Node.getMyID() + " am not contained in this message "+message); Node.sendMsgToNextNode(message + ":" + Node.getMyID()); // Suggest us for election } else { // If we are in the list System.out.println("I " + Node.getMyID() + " am contained in this message"); String newLeader = findLeaderInBody(messageBody); Node.sendMsgToNextNode("Leader" + ":" + newLeader); // Announce the new leader } } else if (messageHeader.equals("Leader")){ String leaderBody = message.split(":")[1]; System.out.println(leaderBody + " is the new leader"); leaderID = leaderBody; if (Integer.parseInt(leaderBody.trim()) != Node.getMyID()) Node.sendMsgToNextNode(message); } } private String findLeaderInBody(List<String> messageBody) { int maxID = 0; if (messageBody.size() > 0){ for (String leaderCandidate : messageBody){ if (Integer.parseInt(leaderCandidate.trim()) > maxID) { maxID = Integer.parseInt(leaderCandidate.trim()); } } } return maxID+""; }可以看到ring算法是在请求中追加自己的node id;当走了一圈发现自己的node id已经在其中时,通过findLeaderInBody从这些node id中取出最大的那个,选举该node为leader小结Election Algorithms大致有两类,一类是Garcia-Molina提出的Bully Election,一类是Chang & Roberts's Token Ring Election algorithm对于大多数的election algorithms通常有如下几个假定: ...