spring学习

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spring 学习之 IOC 容器

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spring学习

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spring 基础

Spring 是一个开放源代码的设计层面框架,他解决的是业务逻辑层和其他各层的松耦合问题,因此它将面向接口的编程思想贯穿整个系统应用

IOC 控制反转

把创建对象和维护对象之间的关系权利转交给 spring 管理,spring 容器控制对象的创建,注入需要注入的对象

aop 面向切面编程

通过预编译方式和运行期动态代理实现程序功能的统一维护的一种技术

隔离业务逻辑,降低耦合度,提高可用性和开发效率,主要用于日志记录,事务管理,异常处理等等

模块化

3.0 版本后,根据需要引入模块需要的包,进行模块开发

小 demo

测试配置文件

创建对象

@Data
public class Person {private String name;}

创建配置文件, 为了方便测试放在同级目录下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <bean id="person" class="top.mjsmry.demo01.Person" name="person">
    </bean>
</beans>

创建测试方法

public class SpringDemoTest {
    @Test
    public void tes01() {
        // 实例化管理对象
        ClassPathResource resource = new ClassPathResource("/top/mjsmry/demo01/spring-config.xml");
        XmlBeanFactory factory = new XmlBeanFactory(resource);
        // 1 根据 id 创建
        Person u = (Person) factory.getBean("person");
        u.setName("lili");
        System.out.println(u);
    }
}

三种获取实例化的方式,上面已经写了一种

         // 2 根据 name 和 class
        Person person = factory.getBean("person2", Person.class);
        person.setName("lili");
        // 3 直接根据字节码 但是配置文件必须唯一, 一个对象配置多个 bean 的话,spring 会无法选择
        Person bean = factory.getBean(Person.class);
        System.out.println(person);
        

Application 和 BeanFactory

  1. 创建对象的时机是

    • ApplicationContext 在创建工厂的时候就会把 bean 实例化,优先加载
  • BeanFactory 使用对象时才会实例化
  • 关系

    • ApplicationContext 实现 BeanFactory
    • ApplicationContext 更强大
  • ApplicationContext 实现懒加载

    • 全局:default-lazy-init=”true”
    • 单独节点:lazy-init=”true”
  • spring 测试

    spring 测试可以在不启动 spring 项目情况下进行单元测试

    @ContextConfiguration("spring-config.xml")
    @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
    public class SpringTest {
        @Autowired
        Person person;
    
        @Test
        public void test() {person.setName("lili");
            System.out.println(person);
        }
    }

    singletonAndprototype

        <bean id="person" class="top.mjsmry.singletonAndprototype.Person" scope="prototype"/>
    

    scope prototype 多例 singleton 单例

    public class SpringTest {
        @Test
        public void test() {ApplicationContext ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("top/mjsmry/singletonAndprototype/spring-config.xml");
            Person person1= (Person) ac.getBean("person");
            Person person2= (Person) ac.getBean("person");
            // 单例的话就是同一个对象
            System.out.println(person1==person2);//true
        }
    }

    bean 与 bean 之间的关系

    继承

    1. 通过 parent 指定继承
    2. 有 abstract 属性的 bean 不能被实例化
    3. 子 bean 可以覆盖父 bean

    依赖

    1. 可以通过 depends-on=” 其他 beani 定依赖关系
    2. 如果依赖了 abstract 的 bean 也不能实例化
     <!--  模板 bean  -->
        <bean id="p" class="top.mjsmry.beanAndBean.Person" abstract="true">
            <property name="name" value="张三"></property>
        </bean>
        <bean id="person" class="top.mjsmry.beanAndBean.Person" parent="p"/>
        <bean id="person2" class="top.mjsmry.beanAndBean.Person" parent="p">
            <property name="name" value="子覆盖了"></property>
        </bean>
        @Test
        public void test() {ApplicationContext ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("top/mjsmry/beanAndBean/spring-config.xml");
            Person person= (Person) ac.getBean("person");
            System.out.println(person);
            Person person2= (Person) ac.getBean("person2");
            System.out.println(person2);
        }

    生命周期

    基本声明周期

      <!--  生命周期
          构造方法
          getset
          init-method 初始化
          destroy-method 销毁
          -->
        <bean id="person" class="top.mjsmry.beancycle.Person" init-method="init" destroy-method="destory"/>

    bean

    @Data
    public class Person {
        private String name;
        public Person() {System.out.println("构造方法调用了");
        }
    
        private void init() {System.out.println("--init--");
        }
    
        private void destory() {System.out.println("--destory--");
        }
    }

    补充周期

     <!--
            实现 BeanPostProcessor 细致的声明周期
            postProcessBeforeInitialization 初始化方法之前
            postProcessAfterInitialization 初始化方法之后
        -->
        <bean id="personBeanPostProcessor" class="top.mjsmry.beancycle.PersonBeanPostProcessor"/>

    实现接口

    public class PersonBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {
        @Override
        public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object o, String s) throws BeansException {System.out.println("postProcessBeforeInitialization");
            return o;
        }
    
        @Override
        public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object o, String s) throws BeansException {System.out.println("postProcessAfterInitialization");
            return o;
        }
    }

    测试

        @Test
        public void test() {ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ca=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("top/mjsmry/beancycle/spring-config.xml");
            Person person= (Person) ca.getBean("person");
            ca.close();}

    注入测试

    spring 原生注入方式实现三层架构

    dao

    public class TestDao {public int add() {return 1;}
    }

    service

    public interface TestService {String add();
    }
    @Data
    public class TestServiceImpl implements TestService {
        private TestDao testDao;
    
        @Override
        public String add() {return testDao.add()==1?"添加成功":"添加失败";
        }
    }

    controller

    @Data
    public class TestController {
        private TestService testService;
    
        public String add() {return testService.add();
        }
    }

    配置文件

    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
        <!--   set 注入 -->
        <bean id="testController" class="top.mjsmry._01.controller.TestController">
            <property name="testService" ref="testService"/>
        </bean>
        <bean id="testService" class="top.mjsmry._01.service.impl.TestServiceImpl">
            <property name="testDao" ref="testDao"/>
        </bean>
        <bean id="testDao" class="top.mjsmry._01.dao.TestDao"></bean>
    </beans>

    test

    @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
    @ContextConfiguration("/spring-config.xml")
    public class MyTest {
        @Autowired
        private TestController testController;
    
        @Test
        public void test01() {String result = testController.add();
            System.out.println(result);
        }
    }
    

    测试结果

    注入 BasicDataSource

    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
           xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.2.xsd
    ">
        <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"/>
        <!-- 配置一个 DBCP 的 Bean -->
        <bean name="dateSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"
              destroy-method="close">
            <!-- 注意:这里我们不是使用的 ref 引用,而是直接写的 value,因此注入的数据是一个变通的值 -->
            <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
            <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
            <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
            <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
        </bean>
    
    </beans>

    db.properties

    jdbc.driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbcwork?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC
    jdbc.username=xxx
    jdbc.password=xxx

    测试

    @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
    @ContextConfiguration("spring-config.xml")
    public class DataSourceTest {
        @Autowired
        BasicDataSource basicDataSource;
    
        @Test
        public void test01() {
            try {Connection connection = basicDataSource.getConnection();
                connection.close();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    无报错测试通过

    其他注入

    @Data
    @AllArgsConstructor
    @NoArgsConstructor
    public class Person {
        private String username;
        private Car car;
        private String[] strings;
        private List<String> list;
        private Set<String> set;
        private List<Wife> wifeList;
        private Properties p1;
        private Properties p2;
    }
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
           xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd">
        <!--  外部 bean 注入  -->
        <bean id="car" class="top.mjsmry._05other.Car">
            <property name="price" value="1.0"/>
            <property name="type" value="bwm"/>
        </bean>
        <bean id="person" class="top.mjsmry._05other.Person">
            <property name="username" value="张三"/>
            <property name="car" ref="car"/>
        </bean>
        <!--  内部 bean 定义  -->
        <bean id="person2" class="top.mjsmry._05other.Person">
            <property name="username" value="张三"/>
            <property name="car">
                <bean class="top.mjsmry._05other.Car">
                    <property name="price" value="1.0"/>
                    <property name="type" value="bwm"/>
                </bean>
            </property>
        </bean>
        <!--  其他类型的注入  -->
        <bean id="person3" class="top.mjsmry._05other.Person">
            <property name="username" value="张三"/>
            <property name="car">
                <bean class="top.mjsmry._05other.Car">
                    <property name="price" value="1.0"/>
                    <property name="type" value="bwm"/>
                </bean>
            </property>
            <!--    数组    -->
            <property name="strings" value="lili,keke"/>
            <!--    集合    -->
            <property name="list">
                <list>
                    <value>1</value>
                    <value>2</value>
                    <value>3</value>
                </list>
            </property>
            <!--    set    -->
            <property name="set">
                <set>
                    <value>k</value>
                    <value>e</value>
                    <value>w</value>
                </set>
            </property>
            <!--    泛型    -->
            <property name="wifeList">
                <list>
                    <bean class="top.mjsmry._05other.Wife">
                        <property name="username" value="lili"/>
                    </bean>
                </list>
            </property>
            <!--    Properties 注入 -->
            <property name="p1">
                <value>proKey1=proValue1</value>
            </property>
            <property name="p2">
                <props>
                    <prop key="键 1"> 值 1 </prop>
                </props>
            </property>
        </bean>
    </beans>

    测试

    public class OtherTest {
        @Test
        public void test01() {ApplicationContext ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/top/mjsmry/_05other/spring-config.xml");
            Person person= (Person) ac.getBean("person");
            Person person2= (Person) ac.getBean("person2");
            Person person3= (Person) ac.getBean("person3");
            System.out.println(person);
            System.out.println(person2);
            System.out.println(person3);
        }
    }

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