前言
了解一个货色最好的方法之一就是入手本人写,So,他(Promise)来了。废话不多说,来看如何实现。
“五岳归来不看山,黄山归来不看岳。”心愿看完这篇,你就不必再去看其余 Promise 的实现原理了。
Promise 解析
先来看 Promise
用法:
new Promise((resolve, reject) => {resolve('hello'); // or reject('hello')
})
.then(res => {})
.catch(err => {})
----------- 分割线
// 合成一下,也就是上面这样
let executor = (resolve, reject) => {resolve('hello'); // or reject('hello')
}
new Promise(executor)
.then(res => {})
.catch(err => {})
咱们来剖析一下他有哪些 性能 / 个性:
- [x] 1、构造函数里传一个函数的两个参数(resolve, reject)
- [x] 2、resolve 胜利时执行的回调
- [x] 3、reject 失败时执行的回调
-
[x] 4、三种状态
- pending [待定] 初始状态
- fulfilled [实现] 操作胜利
- rejected [被否决] 操作失败
- [x] 5、Promise 对象办法 then
- [x] 6、异步实现
- [x] 7、onFulfilled 和 onRejected 的异步调用
- [x] 8、值穿透
- [x] 9、Promise 对象办法 catch
- [x] 10、Promise 对象办法 all
- [x] 11、Promise 对象办法 race
- [x] 12、Promise 对象办法 resolve
- [x] 13、Promise 对象办法 reject
- [] 13、Promise 对象办法 allSettled(上个月 TC39 进去的新个性)
接下来,咱们要一一撕下他的假装,揭开他的真面目。
Promise 的根本构造实现
基于下面剖析后果,咱们先来实现后面三个性能:
- [x] 1、构造函数里传一个函数的两个参数(resolve, reject)
- [x] 2、resolve 胜利时执行的回调
- [x] 3、reject 失败时执行的回调
class Promise {constructor(executor) {
// 定义 resolve
let resolve = res => {}
// 定义 reject
let reject = err => {}
// 主动执行
executor(resolve, reject);
}
}
// 测试一下:new Promise((resolve, reject) => {console.log('执行到啦~')
})
能够将下面代码复制到控制台执行,查看成果:
Promise 三种状态实现
Ok,fine,接下来,咱们来实现她的三种状态。
-
[x] 4、三种状态
- pending [待定] 初始状态
- fulfilled [实现] 操作胜利
- rejected [被否决] 操作失败
promise 状态有如下特点:
1.promise 对象初始化状态为 pending
2. 当调用 resolve(胜利),会由 pending => fulfilled
3. 当调用 reject(失败),会由 pending => rejected
Promsie 状态 只能由 pending => fulfilled/rejected, 一旦批改就不能再变
class Promise {constructor(executor) {
this.status = "pending"; // 默认状态
this.value; // resolve 胜利时的值
this.error; // reject 失败时的值
let resolve = res => {if(this.status === "pending") {
this.value = res;
this.status = "resolved";
}
}
let reject = err => {if(this.status === "pending") {
this.error = err;
this.status = "rejected";
}
}
executor(resolve, reject);
}
}
1)pending [待定] 初始状态
测试一下,如果不去 resolve,也不去 reject
// 测试一下:new Promise((resolve, reject) => {})
那么 Promise 应该是初始状态。咱们将下面代码执行测试一下,失去后果如下:
此时状态是:{status: "pending"}
。
2)fulfilled [实现] 操作胜利
当咱们执行 resolve
// 测试一下:new Promise((resolve, reject) => {resolve('胜利啦~');
})
将失去后果如下:
3)rejected [被否决] 操作失败
当执行 reject
// 测试一下:new Promise((resolve, reject) => {resolve('失败啦~')
})
Promise 对象办法 then 实现
- [x] 5、Promise 对象办法 then
Promise 这个对象有 then 办法,还是先来剖析,then 有什么?
then 承受两个回调
promise.then(onFulfilled, onRejected); // 这里假如 promise 继承于 Promise 类
咱们持续在后面 Promise 类中书写 then 办法:
class Promise {constructor(executor) {
this.status = "pending"; // 默认 promise 状态
this.value; // resolve 胜利时的值
this.error; // reject 失败时的值
let resolve = res => {if(this.status === "pending") {
this.value = res;
this.status = "resolved";
}
}
let reject = err => {if(this.status === "pending") {
this.error = err;
this.status = "rejected";
}
}
executor(resolve, reject)
}
// 申明 then
then(onFullfilled, onRejected) {if(this.status === "resolved") {onFullfilled(this.value)
}
if(this.status === "rejected") {onRejected(this.error)
}
}
}
测试一下:
new Promise((resolve, reject) => {resolve("胜利啦~"); // 或 reject("失败啦~")
})
.then(res => {console.log(res);
}, err => {console.log(err);
})
失去后果:
异步实现
- [x] 6、异步实现
至此,根本实现简略的同步代码,然而当 resolve 在 setTimeout
内执行,then 时 state 还是 pending 期待状态。咱们就须要在 then 调用的时候,将胜利和失败存到各自的数组,一旦 reject 或者 resolve,就调用它们。
相似于 散布订阅,先将 then 内的两个函数存储,因为 promise 能够有多个 then,所以存在同一个数组内。当胜利或失败的时候用 forEach 调用他们。
class Promise {constructor(executor) {
this.status = "pending"; // 默认 promise 状态
this.value; // resolve 胜利时的值
this.error; // reject 失败时的值
+ this.resolveQueue = []; // 胜利寄存的数组
+ this.rejectQueue = []; // 失败寄存法数组
let resolve = value => {if(this.status === "pending") {
this.value = value;
this.status = "resolved";
// 一旦 resolve 执行,调用胜利数组的函数
+ this.resolveQueue.forEach(fn => fn());
}
}
let reject = value => {if(this.status === "pending") {
this.error = value;
this.status = "rejected";
}
// 一旦 reject 执行,调用失败数组的函数
+ this.rejectQueue.forEach(fn => fn());
}
executor(resolve, reject)
}
// 执行到 then 的时候
then(onFullfilled, onRejected) {if(this.status === "resolved") {this.resolveQueue.push(() => {onFullfilled(this.value);
})
}
if(this.status === "rejected") {this.rejectQueue.push(() => {onRejected(this.error);
})
}
// 当状态 state 为 pending 时
+ if(this.status === "pending") {
// onFulfilled 传入到胜利数组
+ this.resolveQueue.push(() => {+ onFullfilled(this.value);
+ })
// onRejected 传入到失败数组
+ this.rejectQueue.push(() => {+ onRejected(this.error);
+ })
+ }
}
}
then 的链式调用
- [x] 7、then 的链式调用
咱们经常用到 new Promise().then().then()
这样的写法,这就是链式调用,原来是用于解决天堂回调的。那么如何去实现呢?
为了达到这个成果,咱们能够再第一个 then 函数内再返回一个 Promise
,让这个新的 Promise
返回的值传递到下一个 then 中。
一句话总结:
通过在 then 中 return 一个新的
Promise
,从而实现 then 的链式调用!
代码如下:
class Promise {constructor(executor) {
this.status = "pending"; // 默认 promise 状态
this.value; // resolve 胜利时的值
this.error; // reject 失败时的值
this.resolveQueue = []; // 胜利时回调队列
this.rejectQueue = []; // 失败时回调队列
let resolve = value => {if(this.status === "pending") {
this.value = value;
this.status = "resolved";
this.resolveQueue.forEach(fn => fn())
}
}
let reject = value => {if(this.status === "pending") {
this.error = value;
this.status = "rejected";
this.rejectQueue.forEach(fn => fn())
}
}
executor(resolve, reject)
}
then(onFullfilled, onRejected) {
let promise2;
if(this.status === "resolved") {promise2 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {let x = onFullfilled(this.value);
resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
})
}
if(this.status === "rejected") {promise2 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {let x = onRejected(this.value);
resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
})
}
if(this.status === "pending") {promise2 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {this.resolveQueue.push(() => {let x = onFullfilled(this.value);
resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
})
this.rejectQueue.push(() => {let x = onRejected(this.error);
resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
})
})
}
return promise2;
}
}
------------------- 分割线
// 将下面代码整顿一下
class Promise {constructor(executor) {
this.status = "pending"; // 默认 promise 状态
this.value; // resolve 胜利时的值
this.error; // reject 失败时的值
this.resolveQueue = []; // 胜利时回调队列
this.rejectQueue = []; // 失败时回调队列
let resolve = value => {if(this.status === "pending") {
this.value = value;
this.status = "resolved";
this.resolveQueue.forEach(fn => fn())
}
}
let reject = value => {if(this.status === "pending") {
this.error = value;
this.status = "rejected";
this.rejectQueue.forEach(fn => fn())
}
}
executor(resolve, reject)
}
then(onFullfilled, onRejected) {
let promise2;
promise2 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {if(this.status === "resolved") {let x = onFullfilled(this.value);
// resolvePromise 函数,解决本人 return 的 promise 和默认的 promise2 的关系
resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
}
if(this.status === "rejected") {let x = onRejected(this.value);
resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
}
if(this.status === "pending") {this.resolveQueue.push(() => {let x = onFullfilled(this.value);
resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
})
this.rejectQueue.push(() => {let x = onRejected(this.error);
resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
})
}
});
// 返回 promise,达成链式成果
return promise2;
}
}
最初,咱们来实现下面的 resolvePromise 函数,咱们暂且将第一个 then 返回的值成为 x,在这个函数中,咱们须要去判断 x 是不是 promise(这里是重点!):
- 是:则取他的后果,作为新的 promise2 胜利的后果
- 不是:间接作为新的 promise2 胜利的后果
resolvePromise 代码如下:
/**
* 解决 promise 递归的函数
*
* promise2 {Promise} 默认返回的 promise
* x {*} 咱们本人 return 的对象
* resolve
* reject
*/
function resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject){
// 循环援用报错
if(x === promise2){
// reject 报错抛出
return reject(new TypeError('Chaining cycle detected for promise'));
}
// 锁,避免屡次调用
let called;
// x 不是 null 且 x 是对象或者函数
if (x != null && (typeof x === 'object' || typeof x === 'function')) {
try {
// A+ 规定,申明 then = x 的 then 办法
let then = x.then;
// 如果 then 是函数,就默认是 promise 了
if (typeof then === 'function') {
// then 执行 第一个参数是 this 前面是胜利的回调 和 失败的回调
then.call(x, y => {
// 胜利和失败只能调用一个
if (called) return;
called = true;
// 外围点 2:resolve 的后果仍旧是 promise 那就持续递归执行
// 外围点 2:resolve 的后果仍旧是 promise 那就持续递归执行
// 外围点 2:resolve 的后果仍旧是 promise 那就持续递归执行
resolvePromise(promise2, y, resolve, reject);
}, err => {
// 胜利和失败只能调用一个
if (called) return;
called = true;
reject(err);// 失败了就失败了
})
} else {resolve(x); // 间接胜利即可
}
} catch (e) { // 走到 catch 也属于失败
if (called) return;
called = true;
// 取 then 出错了那就不要在继续执行了
reject(e);
}
} else {resolve(x);
}
}
then 链式调用测试
残缺测试代码如下,能够复制进浏览器控制台执行下:
function resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject){
// 循环援用报错
if(x === promise2){
// reject 报错抛出
return reject(new TypeError('Chaining cycle detected for promise'));
}
// 锁,避免屡次调用
let called;
// x 不是 null 且 x 是对象或者函数
if (x != null && (typeof x === 'object' || typeof x === 'function')) {
try {
// A+ 规定,申明 then = x 的 then 办法
let then = x.then;
// 如果 then 是函数,就默认是 promise 了
if (typeof then === 'function') {
// 就让 then 执行 第一个参数是 this 前面是胜利的回调 和 失败的回调
then.call(x, y => {
// 胜利和失败只能调用一个
if (called) return;
called = true;
// resolve 的后果仍旧是 promise 那就持续递归执行
resolvePromise(promise2, y, resolve, reject);
}, err => {
// 胜利和失败只能调用一个
if (called) return;
called = true;
reject(err);// 失败了就失败了
})
} else {resolve(x); // 间接胜利即可
}
} catch (e) {
// 也属于失败
if (called) return;
called = true;
// 取 then 出错了那就不要在继续执行了
reject(e);
}
} else {resolve(x);
}
}
class Promise {constructor(executor) {
this.status = "pending"; // 默认 promise 状态
this.value; // resolve 胜利时的值
this.error; // reject 失败时的值
this.resolveQueue = []; // 胜利时回调队列
this.rejectQueue = []; // 失败时回调队列
let resolve = value => {if(this.status === "pending") {
this.value = value;
this.status = "resolved";
this.resolveQueue.forEach(fn => fn())
}
}
let reject = value => {if(this.status === "pending") {
this.error = value;
this.status = "rejected";
this.rejectQueue.forEach(fn => fn())
}
}
executor(resolve, reject)
}
then(onFullfilled, onRejected) {
let promise2;
promise2 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {if(this.status === "resolved") {let x = onFullfilled(this.value);
// resolvePromise 函数,解决本人 return 的 promise 和默认的 promise2 的关系
resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
}
if(this.status === "rejected") {let x = onRejected(this.value);
resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
}
if(this.status === "pending") {this.resolveQueue.push(() => {let x = onFullfilled(this.value);
resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
})
this.rejectQueue.push(() => {let x = onRejected(this.error);
resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
})
}
});
// 返回 promise,达成链式成果
return promise2;
}
}
// 测试以下代码
new Promise((resolve, reject) => {resolve();
}).then((res)=>{console.log('进入第一个 then!')
return new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{resolve('hello world');
})
}).then((res)=>{console.log('进入第二个 then!', res);
})
ok,咱们实现了 then 的链式调用,这也是实现 Promise 中的重难点!
onFulfilled 和 onRejected 的异步调用
- [x] 8、onFulfilled 和 onRejected 的异步调用
外围思路:
用 setTimeout 解决异步问题
代码如下:
class Promise {constructor(executor) {
this.status = "pending"; // 默认 promise 状态
this.value; // resolve 胜利时的值
this.error; // reject 失败时的值
this.resolveQueue = []; // 胜利时回调队列
this.rejectQueue = []; // 失败时回调队列
let resolve = value => {if(this.status === "pending") {
this.value = value;
this.status = "resolved";
this.resolveQueue.forEach(fn => fn())
}
}
let reject = value => {if(this.status === "pending") {
this.error = value;
this.status = "rejected";
this.rejectQueue.forEach(fn => fn())
}
}
executor(resolve, reject)
}
then(onFullfilled, onRejected) {
let promise2;
promise2 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {if(this.status === "resolved") {
// 异步
+ setTimeout(() => {let x = onFullfilled(this.value);
// resolvePromise 函数,解决本人 return 的 promise 和默认的 promise2 的关系
resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
+ }, 0)
}
if(this.status === "rejected") {
// 异步
+ setTimeout(() => {let x = onRejected(this.value);
resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
+ }, 0)
}
if(this.status === "pending") {this.resolveQueue.push(() => {
// 异步
+ setTimeout(() => {let x = onFullfilled(this.value);
resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
+ }, 0)
})
this.rejectQueue.push(() => {
// 异步
+ setTimeout(() => {let x = onRejected(this.error);
resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
+ }, 0)
})
}
});
// 返回 promise,达成链式成果
return promise2;
}
}
值穿透调用
- [x] 9、值穿透
new Promise((resolve, reject)=>{resolve('YoYo');
}).then().then().then().then().then().then().then((res)=>{console.log(res);
})
当执行下面多个 then,咱们冀望最初那个 then 打印出 ‘YoYo’。
实现很简略:onFulfilled 如果不是函数,就疏忽 onFulfilled,间接返回 value!
相应的,咱们也要解决下没有 onRejected 的状况:onRejected 如果不是函数,就疏忽 onRejected,间接扔出谬误!
代码如下,在之前的 Promise 类的 then 退出:
then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
onFulfilled = typeof onFulfilled === 'function' ? onFulfilled : value => value;
onRejected = typeof onRejected === 'function' ? onRejected : err => {throw err;}
<!--... 省略 -->
}
Promise 对象办法 catch
- [x] 10、Promise 对象办法 catch
外围思路:
catch 是失败的回调,相当于执行 this.then(null,fn)
class Promise {constructor(executor) {<!--... 省略 -->}
then(onFullfilled, onRejected) {<!--... 省略 -->}
+ catch(onRejected) {+ return this.then(null, onRejected)
+ }
}
此外,咱们还须要对其余几个函数外应用 try/catch 去做异样捕捉,这里不开展,了解即可(本文最初源码中会展现)。
Promise 对象办法 all
- [x] 10、Promise 对象办法 all
这是一道经典面试题!
Promise.all()
接管一个数组作为参数,该办法返回一个 Promise
实例,此实例在 iterable 参数内所有的 promise 都“实现(resolved)”或参数中不蕴含 promise 时回调实现(resolve);如果参数中 promise 有一个失败(rejected),此实例回调失败(reject),失败的起因是第一个失败 promise 的后果。
用法如下:
var p1 = Promise.resolve(3);
var p2 = 1337;
var p3 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {setTimeout(resolve, 100, 'foo');
});
Promise.all([p1, p2, p3]).then(values => {console.log(values); // [3, 1337, "foo"]
});
接下来看看如何实现:
上面手写的,没有测试,回头补充!上班先~
Promise.all = function(promises) {
let count = 0;
let res = [];
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {for(let i = 0; i<promises.length; i++) {promises[i].then(res => {res.push(res);
count++;
if(count === promises.length) resolve(res);
})
}
})
.catch(err => {reject(err);
})
}
Promise 对象办法 race
- [x] 11、Promise 对象办法 race
Promise.race() 它同样接管一个 promise 对象组成的数组作为参数,并返回一个新的 promise 对象。一旦迭代器中的某个 promise 解决或回绝,返回的 promise 就会解决或回绝。
Promise.race = function(promises) {return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {for(let i = 0; i<promises.length; i++) {promises[i].then(resolve, reject);
}
})
}
Promise 对象办法 resolve
- [x] 12、Promise 对象办法 resolve
Promise.resolve = function(value) {return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {resolve(value);
})
}
Promise 对象办法 reject
- [x] 13、Promise 对象办法 reject
Promise.reject = function(value) {return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {reject(value);
})
}
Promise 对象办法 allSettled
当课后作业吧,同学们本人写,能够放回复中哈~
Reference:
Promises/A+