<h1> 全栈的自我涵养: Axios 的简略应用 </h1>
You should never judge something you don’t understand.
你不应该去评判你不理解的事物。
Table of Contents
- 介绍
-
简略应用
- GET
- DELETE
- PUT
- POST
- PATCH
- 汇总
-
应用
application/x-www-form-urlencoded
- 形式一:应用
URLSearchParams
- 形式二:应用
qs
进行编码
- 形式一:应用
- 应用
multipart/form-data
- Response 构造
- Config 罕用配置
- 参考
介绍
Axios 是一个基于 Promise 的 HTTP 库,能够用在浏览器和 node.js 中。
Github 开源地址:https://github.com/axios/axios
如果你原来用过 jQuery
应该还记的 $.ajax
办法吧
简略应用
如果依照 HTTP
办法的语义来裸露资源,那么接口将会领有安全性和幂等性的个性,例如 GET 和 HEAD 申请都是平安的,无论申请多少次,都不会扭转服务器状态。而 GET、HEAD、PUT 和 DELETE 申请都是幂等的,无论对资源操作多少次,后果总是一样的,前面的申请并不会产生比第一次更多的影响。
上面列出了 GET
,DELETE
,PUT
, PATCH
和 POST
的典型用法:
GET
axios#get(url[, config])
从办法申明能够看出
- 第一个参数
url
必填,为申请的 url- 第二个参数
config
选填, 对于config
的属性见下文
GET
办法用来查问服务资源, 不应该在这里对服务资源进行批改
- 应用 get 办法进行申请,参数能够间接拼接在 url 中
axios.get('/user?id=12345')
.then(response => {
// 如果胜利返回(http 状态码在 200~300),则可获取对应的 response
console.log(response);
})
.catch(error => {
// 异样
console.log(error);
})
.then(() => {// always executed});
- 应用 get 办法进行申请,参数独自作为一个对象传入, 该参数会拼接在 url 中
let request_params = {id: 123456}
axios.get('/user', {params: request_params})
.then(function (response) {console.log(response);
})
.catch(function (error) {console.log(error);
})
.then(function () {// always executed});
DELETE
axios#delete(url[, config])
从办法申明能够看出
- 第一个参数
url
必填,为申请的 url- 第二个参数
config
选填, 对于config
的属性见下文
DELETE
用来删除一个资源,不平安但幂等
- 应用 DELETE 办法进行申请,参数能够间接拼接在 url 中
axios.delete('/user?id=12345')
.then(response => {
// 如果胜利返回(http 状态码在 200~300),则可获取对应的 response
console.log(response);
})
.catch(error => {
// 异样
console.log(error);
})
.then(() => {// always executed});
- 应用 DELETE 办法进行申请,参数独自作为一个对象传入, 该参数会拼接在 url 中
let request_params = {id: 123456}
axios.delete('/user', {params: request_params})
.then(function (response) {console.log(response);
})
.catch(function (error) {console.log(error);
})
.then(function () {// always executed});
- 应用 DELETE 办法进行申请,参数独自作为一个对象传入, 该参数会在申请体中
let request_params = {id: 123456}
axios.delete('/user', {data: request_params})
.then(function (response) {console.log(response);
})
.catch(function (error) {console.log(error);
})
.then(function () {// always executed});
PUT
axios#put(url[, data[, config]])
从办法申明能够看出
- 第一个参数
url
必填,为申请的 url- 第二个参数
data
选填,为申请的参数,且在申请体中- 第二个参数
config
选填, 对于config
的属性见下文
- 不平安但幂等
- 通过替换的形式更新资源
常见应用形式
- 应用 PUT 办法进行申请,参数能够间接拼接在 url 中
更新资源
axios.put('/user?id=12345&name=abc')
.then(response => {
// 如果胜利返回(http 状态码在 200~300),则可获取对应的 response
console.log(response);
})
.catch(error => {
// 异样
console.log(error);
})
.then(() => {// always executed});
- 应用 PUT 办法进行申请,参数独自作为一个对象传入, 该参数会在申请体中
let request_params = {id: 123456, name: "abc"}
axios.post('/user', request_params,
.then(function (response) {console.log(response);
})
.catch(function (error) {console.log(error);
})
.then(function () {// always executed});
POST
axios#post(url[, data[, config]])
从办法申明能够看出
- 第一个参数
url
必填,为申请的 url- 第二个参数
data
选填,为申请的参数,且在申请体中- 第二个参数
config
选填, 对于config
的属性见下文
- 不平安且不幂等
- 创立资源
常见应用形式
- 应用 POST 办法进行申请,参数能够间接拼接在 url 中
创立 id 为 123456 的用户
axios.post('/user?id=12345&name=abc')
.then(response => {
// 如果胜利返回(http 状态码在 200~300),则可获取对应的 response
console.log(response);
})
.catch(error => {
// 异样
console.log(error);
})
.then(() => {// always executed});
- 应用 POST 办法进行申请,参数独自作为一个对象传入, 该参数会在申请体中
let request_params = {id: 123456, name: "abc"}
axios.post('/user', request_params,
.then(function (response) {console.log(response);
})
.catch(function (error) {console.log(error);
})
.then(function () {// always executed});
PATCH
axios.patch(url[, data[, config]])
从办法申明能够看出
- 第一个参数
url
必填,为申请的 url- 第二个参数
data
选填,为申请的参数,且在申请体中- 第二个参数
config
选填, 对于config
的属性见下文
- 不平安且不幂等
- 在服务器更新资源(客户端提供扭转的属性,局部更新)
常见应用形式
- 应用 PATCH 办法进行申请,参数能够间接拼接在 url 中
更新 id 为 123456 的用户资源
axios.patch('/user?id=12345&name=abc')
.then(response => {
// 如果胜利返回(http 状态码在 200~300),则可获取对应的 response
console.log(response);
})
.catch(error => {
// 异样
console.log(error);
})
.then(() => {// always executed});
- 应用 PATCH 办法进行申请,参数独自作为一个对象传入, 该参数会在申请体中
let request_params = {id: 123456, name: "abc"}
axios.patch('/user', request_params,
.then(function (response) {console.log(response);
})
.catch(function (error) {console.log(error);
})
.then(function () {// always executed});
汇总
从下面的示例中能够看出
axios.get(url[, config])
axios.delete(url[, config])
axios.post(url[, data[, config]])
axios.put(url[, data[, config]])
axios.patch(url[, data[, config]])
其中 POST
、PUT
、PATCH
的应用形式是统一的,只是 形式名
和 http method
存在差别, 那他们的区别在什么中央呢
GET:从服务器取出资源(一项或多项)。POST:在服务器新建一个资源。PUT:在服务器更新资源(客户端提供扭转后的残缺资源)。PATCH:在服务器更新资源(客户端提供扭转的属性)。DELETE:从服务器删除资源。
应用 application/x-www-form-urlencoded
在默认状况下,data 中数据采纳了 JSON 序列化形式,即 Content-Type: application/json
, 如果想应用 application/x-www-form-urlencoded
, 则须要做非凡解决
形式一:应用 URLSearchParams
const params = new URLSearchParams();
params.append('id', '123456');
params.append('name', 'abc');
axios.post('/user', params);
其中 URLSearchParams 存在兼容问题,具体可见 caniuse
形式二:应用 qs
进行编码
import qs from 'qs';
axios.post('/user', qs.stringify({ id: 123456, name: "abc"}));
应用 multipart/form-data
const form = new FormData();
form.append('id', 123456);
form.append('name', "abc");
axios.post('user', form, { headers: form.getHeaders() })
Response 构造
{
// `data` is the response that was provided by the server
// response 返回数据
data: {},
// `status` is the HTTP status code from the server response
// 状态码
status: 200,
// `statusText` is the HTTP status message from the server response
// 状态码对应的规范 message
statusText: 'OK',
// `headers` the HTTP headers that the server responded with
// All header names are lower cased and can be accessed using the bracket notation.
// Example: `response.headers['content-type']`
// 响应头
headers: {},
// `config` is the config that was provided to `axios` for the request
config: {},
// `request` is the request that generated this response
// It is the last ClientRequest instance in node.js (in redirects)
// and an XMLHttpRequest instance in the browser
request: {}}
Config 罕用配置
{
// `url` is the server URL that will be used for the request
url: '/user',
// `method` is the request method to be used when making the request
method: 'get', // default
// `baseURL` will be prepended to `url` unless `url` is absolute.
// It can be convenient to set `baseURL` for an instance of axios to pass relative URLs
// to methods of that instance.
baseURL: 'https://some-domain.com/api/',
// `transformRequest` allows changes to the request data before it is sent to the server
// This is only applicable for request methods 'PUT', 'POST', 'PATCH' and 'DELETE'
// The last function in the array must return a string or an instance of Buffer, ArrayBuffer,
// FormData or Stream
// You may modify the headers object.
transformRequest: [function (data, headers) {
// Do whatever you want to transform the data
return data;
}],
// `transformResponse` allows changes to the response data to be made before
// it is passed to then/catch
transformResponse: [function (data) {
// Do whatever you want to transform the data
return data;
}],
// `headers` are custom headers to be sent
headers: {'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest'},
// `params` are the URL parameters to be sent with the request
// Must be a plain object or a URLSearchParams object
params: {ID: 12345},
// `paramsSerializer` is an optional function in charge of serializing `params`
// (e.g. https://www.npmjs.com/package/qs, http://api.jquery.com/jquery.param/)
paramsSerializer: function (params) {return Qs.stringify(params, {arrayFormat: 'brackets'})
},
// `data` is the data to be sent as the request body
// Only applicable for request methods 'PUT', 'POST', 'DELETE , and'PATCH'
// When no `transformRequest` is set, must be of one of the following types:
// - string, plain object, ArrayBuffer, ArrayBufferView, URLSearchParams
// - Browser only: FormData, File, Blob
// - Node only: Stream, Buffer
data: {firstName: 'Fred'},
// syntax alternative to send data into the body
// method post
// only the value is sent, not the key
data: 'Country=Brasil&City=Belo Horizonte',
// `timeout` specifies the number of milliseconds before the request times out.
// If the request takes longer than `timeout`, the request will be aborted.
timeout: 1000, // default is `0` (no timeout)
// `withCredentials` indicates whether or not cross-site Access-Control requests
// should be made using credentials
withCredentials: false, // default
// `auth` indicates that HTTP Basic auth should be used, and supplies credentials.
auth: {
username: 'janedoe',
password: 's00pers3cret'
},
// `responseType` indicates the type of data that the server will respond with
// options are: 'arraybuffer', 'document', 'json', 'text', 'stream'
// browser only: 'blob'
responseType: 'json', // default
// `responseEncoding` indicates encoding to use for decoding responses (Node.js only)
// Note: Ignored for `responseType` of 'stream' or client-side requests
responseEncoding: 'utf8', // default
// `maxContentLength` defines the max size of the http response content in bytes allowed in node.js
maxContentLength: 2000,
// `maxBodyLength` (Node only option) defines the max size of the http request content in bytes allowed
maxBodyLength: 2000,
// `validateStatus` defines whether to resolve or reject the promise for a given
// HTTP response status code. If `validateStatus` returns `true` (or is set to `null`
// or `undefined`), the promise will be resolved; otherwise, the promise will be
// rejected.
validateStatus: function (status) {return status >= 200 && status < 300; // default},
}
更多配置参考 https://github.com/axios/axios
参考
- https://github.com/axios/axios