Python小游戏外星人入侵

alien_invasion.py:

“”” 该游戏主程序，尽量做到最简单 ”””

import pygame

from settings import Settings

from ship import Ship

from pygame.sprite import Group

from game_stats import GameStats

from button import Button

from score_board import Scoreboard

import game_function as gf

def run_game():

“”” 初始化背景设置 ”””

pygame.init()

“””” 创建一个 Settings 实例 ”””

ai_settings=Settings()

“”” 创建一个游戏窗口以及标题 ”””

screen=pygame.display.set_mode(

(ai_settings.screen_width,ai_settings.screen_height))

pygame.display.set_caption(‘Alien Invasion’)

“”” 创建一艘飞船实例 ”””

ship=Ship(ai_settings,screen)

“”” 创建一个用于存储子弹和外星人的编组 ”””

bullets=Group()

aliens=Group()

“”” 创建外星人群 ”””

gf.creat_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)

“”” 创建存储游戏统计信息的实例, 并创建记分牌 ”””

stats = GameStats(ai_settings)

sb = Scoreboard(ai_settings,screen,stats)

play_button = Button(ai_settings,screen,”Play”)

“”” 进入主循环 ”””

while True:

“””” 监视用户的操作，键盘和鼠标 ”””

gf.check_events(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,bullets,stats,play_button,sb)

if stats.game_active:

“”” 更新飞船 ”””

ship.update()

“”” 更新子弹 ”””

gf.update_bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,bullets,stats,sb)

“”” 更新外星人 ”””

gf.update_aliens(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,stats,bullets,sb)

“”” 刷新屏幕 ”””

gf.update_screen(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,bullets,

stats,play_button,sb)

run_game()

game_function.py:

如果把这个游戏比作一个人，那么上一段代码是刚接触这个人，他给你留下的第一印象，那么下面这段代码可以说是这个人的灵魂了

import sys

import pygame

from random import randint

from bullet import Bullet

from alien import Alien

from time import sleep

def fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets,stats):

“”” 开火!”””

for i in range(int(stats.level/5) + 1):

if len(bullets) < ai_settings.bullet_allowed:

new_bullet=Bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship)

bullets.add(new_bullet)

def check_keydown(event,ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets,stats):

“”” 检查用户按键是否按下以及执行的任务 ”””

if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:

ship.moving_right=True

elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:

ship.moving_left=True

elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:

ship.moving_up=True

elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:

ship.moving_down=True

elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:

fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets,stats)

def check_keyup(event,ship):

“”” 检查用户释放按键 ”””

if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:

ship.moving_right=False

elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:

ship.moving_left=False

elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:

ship.moving_up=False

elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:

ship.moving_down=False

def check_events(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,bullets,stats,play_button,sb):

“”” 响应键盘和鼠标事件 ”””

for event in pygame.event.get():

if event.type == pygame.K_q:

sys.exit()

elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:

check_keydown(event,ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets,stats)

elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:

check_keyup(event,ship)

elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:

mouse_x,mouse_y = pygame.mouse.get_pos()

check_play_button(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,bullets,

stats,play_button,mouse_x,mouse_y,sb)

def check_play_button(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,bullets,

stats,play_button,mouse_x,mouse_y,sb):

“”” 在玩家单击 Play 按钮时开始游戏 ”””

button_clicked = play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y)

if button_clicked and not stats.game_active:

ai_settings.init_dynamic_settings()

pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)

stats.reset_stats()

stats.game_active = True

sb.prep_score()

sb.prep_high_score(screen)

sb.prep_level()

sb.prep_ships(screen)

aliens.empty()

bullets.empty()

creat_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)

ship.center_ship(ai_settings)

def update_screen(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,bullets,stats,play_button,sb):

“”” 每次循环都重绘屏幕 ”””

screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color)

for bullet in bullets.sprites():

bullet.draw_bullet()

ship.blitme()

aliens.draw(screen)

sb.show_score()

if not stats.game_active:

play_button.draw_button()

“””” 刷新屏幕，擦去旧屏幕，显示新屏幕 ”””

pygame.display.flip()

def update_bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,bullets,stats,sb):

“”” 更新子弹位置，并删除已经消失的子弹 ”””

bullets.update()

for bullet in bullets.copy():

if bullet.rect.bottom<=0:

bullets.remove(bullet)

check_bullet_alien_colide(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,bullets,stats,sb)

def get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings,alien_width):

“”” 获得水平方向上外星人个数 ”””

available_space_x = ai_settings.screen_width-2 * alien_width

number_aliens_x = int(available_space_x/(2 * alien_width))

return number_aliens_x

def get_space_rows(ai_settings,ship_height,alien_height):

“”” 获得垂直方向上外星人的行数 ”””

available_space_y = (ai_settings.screen_height-(3 * alien_height)-

ship_height)

number_aliens_rows = int(available_space_y/(2 * alien_height))

return number_aliens_rows

def creat_alien(ai_settings,screen,aliens,alien_number,row_number):

“”” 根据传入的数据在某个位置创建一个外星人 ”””

alien = Alien(ai_settings,screen)

alien_width = alien.rect.width

alien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * alien_number

alien.rect.x = alien.x

alien.rect.y = (alien.rect.height +20) + 2 * alien.rect.height * row_number

aliens.add(alien)

def creat_random_alien_x(number_aliens_x,ai_settings,screen,aliens,row_number):

“”” 在第一行随机创建若干个外星人 ”””

for i in range(2,number_aliens_x+2):

random_number_x=randint(2,i)

for alien_number in range(random_number_x – 1,random_number_x):

creat_alien(ai_settings,screen,aliens,alien_number,row_number)

def creat_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens):

“”” 创建外星人群以及获取屏幕上最大的行数和每行最多个数 ”””

alien=Alien(ai_settings,screen)

number_aliens_x = get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings,alien.rect.width)

number_rows = get_space_rows(ai_settings,ship.rect.height,

alien.rect.height)

“”” 随机创建行数 ”””

for j in range(0,number_rows):

random_number_y = randint(0,j)

for row_number in range(random_number_y):

creat_random_alien_x(number_aliens_x,ai_settings,

screen,aliens,row_number)

def check_fleet_edges(ai_settings,aliens):

“”” 有外星人到达屏幕边缘 ”””

for alien in aliens.sprites():

if alien.check_edges():

change_fleet_direction(ai_settings,aliens)

break

def change_fleet_direction(ai_settings,aliens):

“”” 将外星人下移，并改变它们的方向 ”””

for alien in aliens.sprites():

alien.rect.y += ai_settings.fleet_drop_speed

ai_settings.fleet_direction *= -1

def update_aliens(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,stats,bullets,sb):

“”” 检测有外星人位于屏幕边缘或者相撞或者外星人到达底部，更新外星人的位置 ”””

check_fleet_edges(ai_settings,aliens)

aliens.update()

if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(ship,aliens):

ship_hit(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,stats,bullets,sb)

check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,stats,bullets,sb)

def check_bullet_alien_colide(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,bullets,stats,sb):

“”” 检测子弹和外星人的碰撞 ”””

collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(bullets,aliens,True,True)

if collisions:

for aliens in collisions.values():

i = randint(0,10)

if i>8:

stats.score += (ai_settings.alien_points + 10) * len(aliens)

sb.prep_score()

else:

stats.score += ai_settings.alien_points * len(aliens)

sb.prep_score()

check_high_score(stats,sb,screen)

if len(aliens) == 0:

ship.center_ship(ai_settings)

bullets.empty()

ai_settings.increase_speed()

stats.level += 1

ai_settings.increase_bullet_size()

sb.prep_level()

creat_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)

def ship_hit(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,stats,bullets,sb):

“”” 飞船与外星人相撞，生命减 1，清除外星人和子弹列表

并创建新的外星人，飞船放在屏幕底部中央位置 ”””

if stats.ship_left > 0:

stats.ship_left -= 1

sb.prep_ships(screen)

aliens.empty()

bullets.empty()

creat_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)

ship.center_ship(ai_settings)

sleep(0.5)

else:

ai_settings.bullet_width = 3

stats.game_active = False

pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)

def check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,stats,bullets,sb):

“”” 检查是否有外星人到达底部 ”””

screen_rect = screen.get_rect()

for alien in aliens.sprites():

if alien.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom:

ship_hit(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,stats,bullets,sb)

break

def check_high_score(stats,sb,screen):

“”” 检查是否产生了新的最高分 ”””
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if stats.score > stats.high_score:

stats.high_score = stats.score

sb.prep_high_score(screen)

后面的文件基本是作为分支吧，一些属性还有一些初始化的数据，都是为 game_function 文件提供资源的

settings.py:

class Settings():

def __init__(self):

“”” 设置长度和宽度以及背景色属性 ”””

self.screen_width = 800

self.screen_height = 700

self.bg_color=(255,255,255)

self.ship_limit = 2

“”” 子弹设置 ”””

self.bullet_width = 3

self.bullet_height=15

self.bullet_color=(60,60,60)

self.bullet_allowed=8

“”” 外星人移动设置 ”””

self.fleet_drop_speed = 10

“”” 以什么样的速度加快游戏节奏 ”””

self.speed_up_scale = 1.1

self.init_dynamic_settings()

“”” 外星人点数的提高 ”””

self.score_scale = 1.5

“”” 子弹大小提高 ”””

self.bullet_scale = 10

def init_dynamic_settings(self):

self.speed = 1.5

self.bullet_speed = 3

self.alien_speed = 0.2

self.fleet_direction = -1

self.alien_points = 10

def increase_speed(self):

“”” 提高速度设置和外星人点数设置 ”””

self.speed *= self.speed_up_scale

self.bullet_speed *= self.speed_up_scale

self.alien_speed *= self.speed_up_scale

self.alien_points = int(self.alien_points * self.score_scale)

def increase_bullet_size(self):

self.bullet_width += self.bullet_scale

ship.py:

import pygame

from pygame.sprite import Sprite

class Ship(Sprite):

def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen):

“”” 初始化飞船并设置其初始位置 ”””

super(Ship,self).__init__()

self.screen=screen

self.image=pygame.image.load(‘images/ship.bmp’)

self.rect=self.image.get_rect()# 获取飞船的矩形

self.screen_rect=screen.get_rect()# 获取屏幕矩形

self.ai_settings=ai_settings

self.rect.centerx=self.screen_rect.centerx

self.rect.centery=self.screen_rect.centery

self.rect.bottom=self.screen_rect.bottom

self.center_x=float(self.rect.centerx)

self.center_y=float(self.rect.centery)

“”” 连续检测按键，设置未按下右键为 False”””

self.moving_right=False

self.moving_left=False

self.moving_up=False

self.moving_down=False

def update(self):

“”” 如果连续按方向键，则一直移动, 并且不超过边界 ”””

if self.moving_right and self.rect.right < self.screen_rect.right:

self.center_x+=self.ai_settings.speed

if self.moving_left and self.rect.left > 0:

self.center_x-=self.ai_settings.speed

if self.moving_up and self.rect.top > 0:

self.center_y-=self.ai_settings.speed

if self.moving_down and self.rect.bottom < self.screen_rect.bottom:

self.center_y+=self.ai_settings.speed

self.rect.centerx=self.center_x

self.rect.centery=self.center_y

“”” 在指定位置绘制飞船 ”””

def blitme(self):

self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)

def center_ship(self,ai_settings):

self.center_x = ai_settings.screen_width/2

self.center_y = ai_settings.screen_height – 28

alien.py:

import pygame

from pygame.sprite import Sprite

class Alien(Sprite):

def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen):

super().__init__()

“”” 初始化外星人并设置其初始位置 ”””

self.screen=screen

self.ai_settings=ai_settings

self.image=pygame.image.load(‘images/alien.bmp’)

self.rect=self.image.get_rect()

self.rect.x=self.rect.width

self.rect.y=self.rect.height

self.x=float(self.rect.x)

def check_edges(self):

“”” 如果外星人碰到屏幕边缘，则返回 True”””

screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()

if self.rect.right >= screen_rect.right:

return True

elif self.rect.left <= 0:

return True

def update(self):

“”” 移动外星人 ”””

self.x += (self.ai_settings.alien_speed *

(self.ai_settings.fleet_direction))

self.rect.x=self.x

def blitme(self):

“”” 在指定位置绘制飞船 ”””

self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)

bullet.py:

import pygame

from pygame.sprite import Sprite

class Bullet(Sprite):

def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,ship):

super(Bullet,self).__init__()

self.screen=screen

self.rect=pygame.Rect(0,0,ai_settings.bullet_width

,ai_settings.bullet_height)

self.rect.centerx = ship.rect.centerx

self.rect.top = ship.rect.top

self.y=float(self.rect.y)

self.color=ai_settings.bullet_color

self.speed=ai_settings.bullet_speed

def update(self):

“”” 向上移动子弹 ”””

self.y -= self.speed

self.rect.y=self.y

def draw_bullet(self):

“”” 在屏幕上绘制子弹 ”””

pygame.draw.rect(self.screen,self.color,self.rect)

button.py:

import pygame.font

class Button():

def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,msg):

“”” 初始化按钮属性 ”””

self.screen = screen

self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()

self.width,self.height = 200,50

self.button_color = (0, 255, 0)

self.text_color = (60,60,60)

self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)

self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, self.width, self.height)

self.rect.center = self.screen_rect.center

self.prep_msg(msg)

def prep_msg(self,msg):

“”” 将 msg 渲染为图像，并使其在按钮上居中 ”””

self.msg_image = self.font.render(msg,True,self.text_color,

self.button_color)

self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect()

self.msg_image_rect.center = self.rect.center

def draw_button(self):

self.screen.fill(self.button_color,self.rect)

self.screen.blit(self.msg_image,self.msg_image_rect)

game_stats.py:

class GameStats():

“”” 跟踪游戏的统计信息 ”””

def __init__(self,ai_settings):

self.ai_settings = ai_settings

self.game_active = False

self.reset_stats()

self.high_score = 0

def reset_stats(self):

“”” 初始化在游戏运行过程中可能变化的统计信息 ”””

self.ship_left = self.ai_settings.ship_limit

self.score = 0

self.level = 1

self.bullet_width = 3

scord_board.py:

import pygame.font

from pygame.sprite import Group

from ship import Ship

class Scoreboard():

“”” 显示得分的类 ”””

def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,stats):

“”” 初始化显示得分的属性 ”””

self.screen = screen

self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()

self.ai_settings = ai_settings

self.stats = stats

self.text_color = (30,30,30)

self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)

self.prep_score()

self.prep_high_score(screen)

self.prep_level()

self.prep_ships(screen)

def prep_score(self):

“”” 将得分转化为可渲染的图像 ”””

rounded_score = int(round(self.stats.score,-1))

score_str =”Score:”+”{:,}”.format(rounded_score)

self.score_image = self.font.render(score_str,True,self.text_color,

self.ai_settings.bg_color)

self.score_rect = self.score_image.get_rect()

self.score_rect.right = self.screen_rect.right – 20

self.score_rect.top = 20

def prep_high_score(self,screen):

“”” 将最高得分渲染为图片 ”””

high_score = int(round(self.stats.high_score,-1))

high_score_str = “High Score:”+”{:,}”.format(high_score)

self.high_score_image = self.font.render(high_score_str,True,self.text_color,

self.ai_settings.bg_color)

“”” 将最高得分放在屏幕左上角 ”””

self.high_score_rect = self.high_score_image.get_rect()

self.high_score_rect.left = self.screen_rect.left + 20

self.high_score_rect.top = 20

def prep_level(self):

“”” 将等级渲染为图像 ”””

self.level_image = self.font.render(“Level:”+str(self.stats.level),True,

self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)

self.level_rect = self.level_image.get_rect()

self.level_rect.right = self.score_rect.right

self.level_rect.bottom = self.score_rect.bottom + 650

def show_score(self):

“”” 在屏幕上显示得分, 最高分，等级 ”””

self.screen.blit(self.score_image,self.score_rect)

self.screen.blit(self.high_score_image,self.high_score_rect)

self.screen.blit(self.level_image,self.level_rect)

self.ships.draw(self.screen)

def prep_ships(self,screen):

“”” 显示剩余的飞机 ”””

self.ships = Group()

for ship_number in range(self.stats.ship_left + 1):

ship =Ship(self.ai_settings,self.screen)

ship.rect.x = 10 + ship_number * ship.rect.width

ship.rect.y = self.screen_rect.top + 640

self.ships.add(ship)

原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44412311/article/details/106590762

创建 play 按钮

确保屏幕上的子弹数在限制范围内

发射一颗子弹，并且在限制范围内

如果一直按下右键或者左键，空格键，则向右或右移动或者开火

释放右键或左键，停止移动

点击 Play 按钮，开始游戏

重置游戏设置

隐藏光标

重置游戏统计信息

重置记分牌图像

清空外星人和子弹列表

创建一群新的外星人，并让飞船居中

如果游戏处于非活动状态，绘制 Play 按钮

更新子弹位置

删除消失的子弹

检查是否有子弹击中外星人

检测飞船与外星人的撞击

检查是否有外星人到达屏幕底部

两个 True 可使得子弹与外星人碰撞后消失，并返回一个字典

碰撞之后加分

检查是否刷新最高分

删除现有的子弹，加快游戏速度, 创建新的外星人

提高等级

清空外星人和子弹列表

新建一个飞船和外星人群

暂停 0.5 秒

fleet_direction 为 1 表示向右移动，- 1 表示向左移动

计分

加载飞船图像并获取其外接矩形

将每艘新飞船放在屏幕底部中央位置

使用两个 if，这样玩家同时按下两个键，

将先增大 rect.centerx 值，再降低，则飞船位置不变

加载外星人图像并设置 rect 属性

每个外星人都在屏幕左上角附近

存储外星人准确位置

在飞船位置创建一个子弹对象

更新子弹的小数值

设置按钮大小以及其他属性

创建按钮的 rect 对象，并使其居中

按钮的标签只需要创建一次

绘制一个用颜色填充的按钮，再绘制文本

任何情况下都不能重置最高分

显示得分时的字体设置

准备初始得分图像以及当前最高得分

将得分放在屏幕右上角

将等级放在右下角

绘制剩余飞船