介绍
V语言在HN上常常被探讨,号称有几个长处:
- 平安(默认不可变变量等相似Rust个性)
- 简略易用(语法一看就懂)
- 内置包管理工具(VPM)
- 跨平台UI
目标
- 初步理解V语言;
- 学习valgrind工具获取程序运行信息;
- 冒泡排序Rust比照V语言;
- 作为技术决策的调研数据;
V的其它劣势
能够将C语言工程间接翻译为V
hot reload
相似于增量编译,每次批改代码不须要编译整个工程
基于OpenGL/Metel/DirectX11的图形库
- 加载3D模型和材质
- Camera
- 骨骼动画
穿插编译容易
加一个参数就能够在Windows平台上编译为Linux,这个比拟弱小,目前支流穿插编译的我的项目例如ReactNative,Electron的做法都比这个要麻烦。v -os windows
或者v -os linux
即可。
没搞懂它背地如何实现的,可能搞了一种字节码和runtime。
测试条件
硬件
CPU: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700 CPU @ 3.20GHz 3.19 GHz
RAM: 16.0 GB
OS
Microsoft Windows 11
WSL2 Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS
我的项目
- 文件读取
- JSON parse
- 冒泡排序
所以正好有趣味测试一下V语言是否像它声称的那么好。测试条件我抉择从文件中读取JSON数据,剖析后对数组进行冒泡排序,这个测试第一能够测试IO性能,第二减少了JSON parse的过程,最初用冒泡排序查看内存应用状况。
代码如下:
import osimport timeimport jsonfn main() { sw := time.new_stopwatch() str := os.read_file('../data.json')! mut arr := json.decode([][]f64, str)! // println(arr) for i in 0..arr.len { bubble_sort(mut arr[i]) // println(arr[i]) } println('耗费工夫 : ${sw.elapsed().milliseconds()}ms')}// Bubble Sort[direct_array_access]fn bubble_sort(mut array []f64) { for i in 0..array.len { for j in 0..array.len - 1 - i { if array[j] > array[j + 1] { array[j], array[j + 1] = array[j + 1], array[j] } } } // println('${array[i]}')}
Rust局部代码
use std::fs;use std::io::{Write, BufReader, BufRead, Error};#[macro_use]extern crate serde_json;fn bubble_sort<T: PartialOrd>(arr: &mut [T]) { for i in 0..arr.len() { for j in 0..arr.len() - 1 - i { // println!("{}", arr[j]); if arr[j] > arr[j + 1] { arr.swap(j, j + 1); } } }}fn main() -> Result<(), Error> { let path = "../data.json"; println!("In file {}", path); let contents = fs::read_to_string(path) .expect("Should have been able to read the file"); let v: Vec<Vec<f64>> = serde_json::from_str(&contents).unwrap(); // println!("{:?}",v); for mut x in v { bubble_sort(&mut x); } Ok(())}
执行命令
Memory:valgrind --tool=memcheck ./target/release/rustvalgrind --tool=memcheck ./sortCPU:valgrind --tool=callgrind ./target/release/rustvalgrind --tool=callgrind ./sort
# CPU后果生成图gprof2dot --format=callgrind --output=out.dot ./callgrind.out.521dot -Tpng out.dot -o graph.png
测试后果
V
==507====507== HEAP SUMMARY:==507== in use at exit: 2,992 bytes in 11 blocks==507== total heap usage: 505,129 allocs, 505,118 frees, 32,341,222 bytes allocated==507====507== LEAK SUMMARY:==507== definitely lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks==507== indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks==507== possibly lost: 2,992 bytes in 11 blocks==507== still reachable: 0 bytes in 0 blocks==507== suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks==507== Rerun with --leak-check=full to see details of leaked memory==507====507== Use --track-origins=yes to see where uninitialised values come from==507== For lists of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -s==507== ERROR SUMMARY: 1990 errors from 102 contexts (suppressed: 0 from 0)
Rust
==504== Memcheck, a memory error detector==504== Copyright (C) 2002-2017, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.==504== Using Valgrind-3.18.1 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info==504== Command: ./target/release/rust==504==In file ../data.json==504====504== HEAP SUMMARY:==504== in use at exit: 0 bytes in 0 blocks==504== total heap usage: 1,159 allocs, 1,159 frees, 21,370,367 bytes allocated==504====504== All heap blocks were freed -- no leaks are possible==504====504== For lists of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -s==504== ERROR SUMMARY: 0 errors from 0 contexts (suppressed: 0 from 0)
精简版
内存
Rust:1159次alloc,1159次free,共20.38MB
V: 505129次alloc, 505118次free,共30.84MB
CPU
V
Rust
后果
- V语言内存占用显然比Rust多。
- JSON parse后,V应用了11.65%的CPU工夫用于
__memcpy_avx_unaligned_erm
,内存对齐?没搞懂,反正V的工夫比Rust长很多。
所有代码在:
tcper/rustvsv (github.com)