介绍

V语言在HN上常常被探讨,号称有几个长处:

  1. 平安(默认不可变变量等相似Rust个性)
  2. 简略易用(语法一看就懂)
  3. 内置包管理工具(VPM)
  4. 跨平台UI

目标

  1. 初步理解V语言;
  2. 学习valgrind工具获取程序运行信息;
  3. 冒泡排序Rust比照V语言;
  4. 作为技术决策的调研数据;

V的其它劣势

能够将C语言工程间接翻译为V

hot reload

相似于增量编译,每次批改代码不须要编译整个工程

基于OpenGL/Metel/DirectX11的图形库

  1. 加载3D模型和材质
  2. Camera
  3. 骨骼动画

穿插编译容易

加一个参数就能够在Windows平台上编译为Linux,这个比拟弱小,目前支流穿插编译的我的项目例如ReactNative,Electron的做法都比这个要麻烦。
v -os windows 或者 v -os linux 即可。
没搞懂它背地如何实现的,可能搞了一种字节码和runtime。

测试条件

硬件

CPU: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700 CPU @ 3.20GHz 3.19 GHz

RAM: 16.0 GB

OS

Microsoft Windows 11
WSL2 Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS

我的项目

  1. 文件读取
  2. JSON parse
  3. 冒泡排序

所以正好有趣味测试一下V语言是否像它声称的那么好。测试条件我抉择从文件中读取JSON数据,剖析后对数组进行冒泡排序,这个测试第一能够测试IO性能,第二减少了JSON parse的过程,最初用冒泡排序查看内存应用状况。

代码如下:

import osimport timeimport jsonfn main() {    sw := time.new_stopwatch()    str := os.read_file('../data.json')!    mut arr := json.decode([][]f64, str)!    // println(arr)    for i in 0..arr.len {        bubble_sort(mut arr[i])        // println(arr[i])    }    println('耗费工夫 : ${sw.elapsed().milliseconds()}ms')}// Bubble Sort[direct_array_access]fn bubble_sort(mut array []f64) {    for i in 0..array.len {        for j in 0..array.len - 1 - i {            if array[j] > array[j + 1] {                array[j], array[j + 1] = array[j + 1], array[j]            }        }    }    // println('${array[i]}')}

Rust局部代码

use std::fs;use std::io::{Write, BufReader, BufRead, Error};#[macro_use]extern crate serde_json;fn bubble_sort<T: PartialOrd>(arr: &mut [T]) {    for i in 0..arr.len() {        for j in 0..arr.len() - 1 - i {            // println!("{}", arr[j]);            if arr[j] > arr[j + 1] {                arr.swap(j, j + 1);            }        }    }}fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {    let path = "../data.json";    println!("In file {}", path);    let contents = fs::read_to_string(path)        .expect("Should have been able to read the file");    let v: Vec<Vec<f64>> = serde_json::from_str(&contents).unwrap();    // println!("{:?}",v);    for mut x in v {        bubble_sort(&mut x);    }    Ok(())}

执行命令

Memory:valgrind --tool=memcheck ./target/release/rustvalgrind --tool=memcheck ./sortCPU:valgrind --tool=callgrind ./target/release/rustvalgrind --tool=callgrind ./sort
# CPU后果生成图gprof2dot --format=callgrind --output=out.dot ./callgrind.out.521dot -Tpng out.dot -o graph.png

测试后果

V

==507====507== HEAP SUMMARY:==507==     in use at exit: 2,992 bytes in 11 blocks==507==   total heap usage: 505,129 allocs, 505,118 frees, 32,341,222 bytes allocated==507====507== LEAK SUMMARY:==507==    definitely lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks==507==    indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks==507==      possibly lost: 2,992 bytes in 11 blocks==507==    still reachable: 0 bytes in 0 blocks==507==         suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks==507== Rerun with --leak-check=full to see details of leaked memory==507====507== Use --track-origins=yes to see where uninitialised values come from==507== For lists of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -s==507== ERROR SUMMARY: 1990 errors from 102 contexts (suppressed: 0 from 0)

Rust

==504== Memcheck, a memory error detector==504== Copyright (C) 2002-2017, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.==504== Using Valgrind-3.18.1 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info==504== Command: ./target/release/rust==504==In file ../data.json==504====504== HEAP SUMMARY:==504==     in use at exit: 0 bytes in 0 blocks==504==   total heap usage: 1,159 allocs, 1,159 frees, 21,370,367 bytes allocated==504====504== All heap blocks were freed -- no leaks are possible==504====504== For lists of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -s==504== ERROR SUMMARY: 0 errors from 0 contexts (suppressed: 0 from 0)

精简版

内存

Rust:1159次alloc,1159次free,共20.38MB

V: 505129次alloc, 505118次free,共30.84MB

CPU

V

Rust

后果

  1. V语言内存占用显然比Rust多。
  2. JSON parse后,V应用了11.65%的CPU工夫用于__memcpy_avx_unaligned_erm,内存对齐?没搞懂,反正V的工夫比Rust长很多。

所有代码在:
tcper/rustvsv (github.com)